CN113304178B - 一种响应面法优化石榴花中ɑ-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的提取方法 - Google Patents
一种响应面法优化石榴花中ɑ-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的提取方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种响应面法优化石榴花中ɑ‑葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的提取方法,该方法以石榴花为原材料,首先采用单因素实验考察了溶剂比例,料液比,超声时间,超声温度对石榴花中ɑ‑葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的影响;并根据单因素实验结果进行响应面优化处理得到石榴花提取液,再将提取液浓缩干燥,得到α‑葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂。本发明工艺简单,安全可靠,对石榴花治疗糖尿病的开发利用提供了理论基础和实验依据。
Description
技术领域
本发明为天然产物提取技术领域,涉及一种响应面法优化石榴花中ɑ-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的提取方法。
背景技术
α-葡萄糖苷酶(α-glucosidase),又称葡萄糖基转移酶,是一类能够从含有α-葡萄糖苷键底物的非还原端催化水解α-葡萄糖基的酶,分布在小肠上皮绒毛膜刷状沿上,可通过水解作用将α-葡萄糖苷、寡糖和葡聚糖的非还原性末端α-1,4糖苷键切开,释放出葡萄糖,导致血糖水平增加,从而引发糖尿病或糖尿病并发症。因此,口服α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂,可使葡萄糖的生成及吸收减缓,降低餐后血糖峰值,维持血糖处于动态平衡水平。目前,常用的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂主要是阿卡波糖、伏格列波糖和米格列醇等西药,但都有价格昂贵,吸收慢,毒性大等不良反应。因此寻找安全、有效的植物类药物具有重大意义,如何快速、有效的从植物中获得安全可靠的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂成为当今社会的研究热点。
如专利文献CN 109010456 A公开了一种从覆盆子中提取α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的方法,该发明以覆盆子果实为原料,用体积比为40%的乙醇水超声提取或震荡浸提,超声提取条件为料液比为1:10g/mL在30℃下提取30min(超声功率为300W);震荡浸提则于24℃、常压条件下,用磁力搅拌器提取24h,其他条件与超声提取一致,获得提取液,将提取液真空浓缩后得到浸膏。接着,将得到的浸膏按1g/mL的比例分散于蒸馏水中,离心取上清液;将上清液用XAD-16大孔树脂吸附,并依次用0%,10%,40%,60%,80%比例的乙醇水洗脱,收集α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性最好的流分,即40%的乙醇洗脱剂。但该专利只考察了不同的溶剂比例和提取方法对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的影响,并无考察料液比、温度和时间的影响,致使α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的得率未达到最优级。且后续的大孔树脂的色谱柱处理既耗时又损失了大量乙醇溶剂。乙醇是常用的提取溶剂,但是乙醇价格较高并且回收不便,在应用上存在着诸多不足。
多酚类化合物,是一种重要的植物次生代谢产物,含有一个或多个酚羟基。自然界中天然酚类化合物的结构复杂多样,按结构大致可分为黄酮、芪、酚酸和木酚素。多酚类化合物在自然界分布广泛,具有抗氧化,清除自由基,抗炎,抗癌、抗菌,调节血糖等药理作用。
石榴花是石榴科(Punicaceae)石榴属(Punica)植物石榴(Punica granatum L.)花后期不能正常结果而自然脱落的干燥花瓣。原产于伊朗、阿富汗、格鲁吉亚、印度等中亚地区(古代波斯地区),后经佛教、航海等途径向东传入中国,向西传入欧洲各国。石榴花化学成分丰富,具有较好的药用活性,被收载于《卫生部药品标准·维吾尔药分册》(1999年版)和《中华本草·维吾尔药卷》(2005年版),用于治疗消痰、止血、消炎,反胃、退翳和神经衰弱,在我国中药、维药等药用历史中扮演重要角色。目前已有大量研究报道,石榴花提取物中含有丰富的多酚类资源,是石榴花中抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的重要化合物。
因此,如何有效利用响应面法优化石榴花中α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的提取法是本发明需要解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,提供一种响应面法优化石榴花中ɑ-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的提取方法,该方法以石榴花为原料,采用超声辅助提取法,在单因素试验基础上采用响应面法进行优化,获得石榴花中α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂。与传统的提取方法相比,该方法操作简单、成本低、安全绿色,同时又能高效从莲蓬石榴花中得到α-葡萄苷酶抑制剂。
本发明所述的一种响应面法优化石榴花中ɑ-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的提取方法,该方法以石榴花为原料,采用超声辅助提取法,在单因素试验基础上采用响应面法进行优化,具体操作按下列步骤进行:
a.将采摘的石榴花干燥、粉碎、过100-200目的筛,得到石榴花粉末;
b.将步骤a得到的石榴花粉末利用Design Expert 10软件进行Box-Behnken响应面优化设计,以石榴花提取物抗α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的IC50值为响应值,采用三因素三水平的响应面分析法优化石榴花中ɑ-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的超声提取,在液料比为1:20g/mL,溶剂比例45%乙醇水,超声时间3h,超声温度45℃的条件下得到提取液;
c.将b所得到的提取液在7000rpm离心10min,取上清液浓缩干燥并称重,得到石榴花中α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂。
所述方法获得的石榴花中ɑ-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂在制备治疗餐后高血糖的药物中的用途。
所述方法获得的石榴花中ɑ-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂在制备餐后高血糖的保健食品中的用途。
与现有技术相比,本发明所述的一种响应面法优化石榴花中ɑ-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的提取方法,具有如下优点:本发明使用的原料为天然植物,药食同用,获得的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂毒副作用小;且使用超声辅助技术,利用超声波的机械、空化及热效应,在植物表面产生强大的冲击波和微声流,使植物细胞壁瞬间破裂,细胞内化学成分直接进入溶剂,在保留石榴花原有的化学成分基本不变的基础上,大大缩短传统方法的提取时间,避免了化学物长时间暴露在溶剂内而导致有些化合物结构改变,失去活性。同时,与传统的提取方法相比,通过本发明所述方法获得的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂组分含量较大,抑制效果良好,具有较高的实用价值和实用前景。
附图说明
图1为本发明溶剂比例对石榴花中α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性剂提取的影响;
图2为本发明溶剂比例对石榴花总酚含量的影响;
图3为本发明液料比对石榴花中α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性剂提取的影响;
图4为本发明料液比对石榴花总酚含量的影响;
图5为本发明超声时间对石榴花中α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性剂提取的影响;
图6为本发明超声时间对石榴花总酚含量的影响;
图7为本发明超声温度对石榴花中α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性剂提取的影响;
图8为本发明超声温度对石榴花总酚含量的影响;
图9为本发明溶剂比例与超声时间对石榴花中α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性成分剂提取的响应面图;
图10为本发明溶剂比例与超声时间对石榴花中α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性剂提取的响应面图;
图11为本发明超声时间与超声温度对石榴花中α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性剂提取的响应面图。
具体实施方式
实施例1(响应面法)
a.将采摘的石榴花干燥、粉碎、过100-200目的筛,得到石榴花粉末;
b.将步骤a得到的石榴花粉末利用Design Expert 10软件进行Box-Behnken响应面优化设计,以石榴花提取物抗α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的IC50值为响应值,采用三因素三水平的响应面分析法优化石榴花中ɑ-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的超声提取,在液料比为1:20g/mL,溶剂比例45%乙醇水,超声时间3h,超声温度45℃的条件下得到提取液;
c.将b所得到的提取液在7000rpm离心10min,取上清液浓缩干燥并称重,得到石榴花中α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂;
本发明所述的一种响应面法优化石榴花中ɑ-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂提取实验:
单因素实验:
称取粉碎的石榴花粉末各1g,分别在溶剂浓度20%,40%,60%,80%,100%的乙醇-水溶液,液料比1:10g/mL、1:20g/mL、1:30g/mL、1:40g/mL;超声时间0.5h、1h、2h、3h及4h;超声温度20℃,30℃,40℃,50℃,60℃的条件下提取1次,提取液于7000rpm离心10min,取上清液浓缩干燥并称重,得到石榴花的提取液,分别考察各因素对提取液的α-葡萄糖抑制活性和总酚含量的影响;
响应面实验:
基于单因素实验结果,利用Design Expert 10软件进行Box-Behnken设计3因素3水平实验,以ɑ-萄糖苷酶抑制活性的IC50值为响应值,实验因素水平和实验设计方案如表1和表2所示:
表1响应面实验因素水平设计
表2响应面实验设计方案
由上述实施方式中所获得的提取液分别进行体外酶抑制实验和总酚含量测定实验,具体叙述如下:
α-葡萄糖苷酶活性测定:
50μL适宜浓度的样品溶液与50μL 0.2U/mL的α-葡萄糖苷酶混匀,室温反应6min后加入50μL5.0 mM的对硝基苯基-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(p-nitrophenyl-D-glucopyranoside)(0.1MPB,pH 6.8),37℃反应10min后,在反应体系中加100μL 0.2M碳酸钠终止反应后,于405nm测吸光值,阿卡波糖为阳性对照,结果用IC50值表示,酶抑制作用计算公式为:
样品组As:加样品和酶的反应体系;控制组Ac:不加样品的反应体系为;空白组Aj:不加酶和样品的反应体系;
供试样总酚含量的测定和标准曲线的绘制:
总酚含量的测定:取0.2mL样品与0.1mL Folin-Ciocalteu试剂混合,5min后加0.3mL 20%(w/v)Na2CO3溶液和1.0m L蒸馏水,避光反应25min后7000rpm离心2min,于765nm测吸光值,配制不同浓度(20-120μg/mL)的对照品(没食子酸)溶液,以吸光度A为纵坐标y,浓度C为横坐标x,绘制标准曲线,得到线性回归方程Y=0.005X+0.015,R2=0.999。
单因素实验结果:
a.溶剂比例的影响:
结果如图1和图2所示,提取溶剂为乙醇-水溶液时,溶剂比例为80:20的乙醇-水的提取物有最好的ɑ-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,溶剂比例为60:40的乙醇-水的总酚含量较高。因此,选择40-80%乙醇为石榴花中α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的响应面优化溶剂比例。
b.料液比的影响:
结果如图3和4所示,随着溶剂体积的增加,提取物的ɑ-葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制作用逐渐增强,总酚含量也逐渐增加,这是因为,在一定范围内,溶剂体积越大,溶液的饱和度越大,更有利于活性成分的析出,因此,1:40为最佳提取料液比,但由于料液比的变化趋势没有拐点,故料液比不进行响应面优化;
c.超声温度的影响:
结果如图5和6所示,超声温度为20-50℃,石榴花提取物的ɑ-萄糖苷酶抑制作用和总酚含量呈现先增强后降低的趋势,当超声温度为60℃时,酶抑制作用最低,而总酚含量较高,说明温度过高会导致活性成分分解或氧化,含量降低。因此,选择35-45℃为石榴花中α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的响应面优化温度;
d.超声时间的影响:
结果如图7和8所示,石榴花提取物的ɑ-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用和总酚含量具有波动变化的特征。当提取时间2h时,ɑ-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用和总酚含量达到最大值,当提取时间小于2h时,酶抑制作用和总酚含量波动范围较大;大于2h时,两者的波动范围较小,说明石榴花中抑制ɑ-葡萄糖苷酶活性的有效成分是不稳定的,发生了化学键的断裂和聚合反应,因此,2-4h为石榴花中α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的响应面优化时间;
4.响应面实验结果:
采用统计软件Design-expert 10对模型的实验结果进行拟合分析,得到多元二次回归方程:Y=0.48-0.024A-0.049B-0.15C-0.035AB-0.0017AC+0.022BC+0.091A2+0.037B2+0.028C2,其实验结果和方差分析如表3和4所示;
表3响应面设计实验结果
表4响应面实验数据分析结果
注:**P<0.01为极显著性差异,*P<0.05为显著差异;
由表3可知,实验模型P值小于0.000 1,为极显著差异,失拟项P值为0.1922,大于0.05,为不显著差异,表明该回归模型的建立真实可信,拟合度较好,可用于评价本实验。方差分析结果表明,一次项检验中影响因素A,B,C均具有显著影响;二次项检验中A2,B2具有显著影响,而C2则无显著影响;交互项中AB具有显著影响,其它均不显著,表明各因素对石榴花中α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制有影响,且AB之间具有明显的交叉影响;
实验模型的3D图和等高线图如图9-11所示,溶剂比例,超声时间和超声温度的曲面倾斜度高,说明各因素对石榴花提取物中抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制成分具有显著影响;其次,溶剂比例和超声时间的等高线呈明显的椭圆形状,表明两者之间具有明显的交叉影响,这与方差分析结果一致;
5.验证试验:
根据响应面的模型,得到石榴花中提取α-葡萄糖酶抑制活性剂的最佳提取工艺为:溶剂比例43.635%乙醇,超声温度45℃,超声时间2.986h,此条件的酶抑制活性IC50理论值为0.453μg/mL,为了验证响应面法的可行性,参考模型给出的最佳条件,并根据实际提取操作和经济成本,将提取工艺调整为溶剂比例45%乙醇水,超声温度45℃,超声时间3h,在此条件下做三组平行试验所得的酶抑制活性IC50的平均值为0.514μg/mL,与理论值相对误差为0.093,表明采用的响应面优化法参数可靠准确。
实施例2
本发明所述的一种响应面法优化石榴花中ɑ-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂降糖实验:
α-葡萄糖苷酶活性测定:
50μL适宜浓度的样品溶液与50μL 0.2U/mL的α-葡萄糖苷酶混匀,室温反应6min后加入50μL 5.0mM的对硝基苯基-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(p-nitrophenyl-D-glucopyranoside)(0.1MPB,pH 6.8),温度37℃反应10min后,在反应体系中加100μL 0.2M碳酸钠终止反应后,于405nm测吸光值,阿卡波糖为阳性对照,结果用IC50值表示,酶抑制作用计算公式为:
样品组As:加样品和酶的反应体系;控制组Ac:不加样品的反应体系为;空白组Aj:不加酶和样品的反应体系;
对市售的α-葡萄糖抑制剂-阿卡波糖进行体外α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制实验,吸取50μL1mg/mL的阿卡波糖溶液与50μL 0.2U/mL的α-葡萄糖苷酶加入96孔板中混匀,室温反应6min后继续加入50μL 5.0mM的对硝基苯基-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(p-nitrophenyl-D-glucopyranoside)(0.1MPB,pH 6.8),温度37℃反应10min后,在反应体系中加100μL0.2M碳酸钠终止反应后,于405nm测吸光值,并计算其IC50值,与本发明得到的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的抑制作用进行比较,结果如表5所示:
表5.本发明所得到石榴花中抑制剂和阿卡波糖对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用的IC50值
实验结果表明,本发明所述的石榴花中α-葡萄糖抑制剂具有较强的抑制活性,抑制效果远远高于阿卡波糖(IC50为70.24μg/mL),且本发明得到α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂从然植物中获得,安全系数高,是一个潜在的α-葡萄糖抑制剂,在医药及食品领域拥有较为广阔的应用前景,同时,与传统的提取方法相比,本发明具有时间短、节省、环保等优点。
Claims (2)
1.一种响应面法优化石榴花中ɑ-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的提取方法,其特征在于该方法以石榴花为原料,采用超声辅助提取法,在单因素试验基础上采用响应面法进行优化,具体操作按下列步骤进行:
a.将采摘的石榴花干燥、粉碎、过100-200目的筛,得到石榴花粉末;
b.将步骤a得到的石榴花粉末利用Design Expert 10软件进行Box-Behnken响应面优化设计,以石榴花提取物抗α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的IC50值为响应值,采用三因素三水平的响应面分析法优化石榴花中ɑ-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的超声提取,在液料比为 1:20 g/mL,溶剂比例45%乙醇水,超声时间3h,超声温度45℃的条件下得到提取液;
c.将b所得到的提取液在7000 rpm离心10 min,取上清液浓缩干燥并称重,得到石榴花中α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂。
2.如权利要求1所述方法获得的石榴花中ɑ-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂在制备治疗餐后高血糖的药物中的用途。
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