CN113303404A - 一种发酵仔猪饲料 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于仔猪饲料技术领域，具体是指一种发酵仔猪饲料，包括浓缩饲料和能量饲料，浓缩饲料包括发酵饲料10‑20％、去皮豆粕55‑78％、磷酸氢钙1.5‑2.5％、石粉3.5‑4.5％、氯化钠1‑2％、豆油1‑3％、氨酸酸1‑3％，去皮豆粕的粒径为1.5‑2mm；发酵饲料混合发酵的各原料配比为豆粕60‑70％、米糠粕2‑4％、乳清粉2‑3％、糖蜜1‑3％，复合菌液15‑20％，水7‑15％，置于30℃恒温发酵池中发酵72小时，豆粕和米糠的粒径为2‑2.5mm；浓缩饲料和能量饲料的配比为25％的浓缩饲料外加75％的能量饲料，能量饲料为粒径2‑2.5mm的玉米面；复合菌液配比为乳酸菌70‑85％、芽孢菌10‑20％、酵母菌5‑10％。本发明提供一种发酵仔猪饲料，能明显降低舍内氨气浓度，能改善猪圈舍环境，降低仔猪呼吸道疾病发病率，同时能降低仔猪腹泻率，缩短出栏时间，整体提升生长效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于仔猪饲料技术领域，具体是指一种发酵仔猪饲料。
背景技术
氨气易溶于水、乙醇和乙醚，在水中溶解度很大，氨的水溶液呈碱性，对于仔猪养殖而言，对黏膜有刺激性，严重时可发生碱灼伤，故而引起眼睛流泪、灼痛，角膜和结膜发炎，视觉障碍；氨气进入呼吸道可引起咳嗽、气管炎、支气管炎、肺水肿出血、呼吸困难、窒息等；且氨气还具有还原性，其分子中的氢原子可被金属逐一置换，生成金属氨基化合物或氮化物，因此，氨由肺泡进入血液，可与血红蛋白结合，使血红素变为正铁血红素，降低血红蛋白的携氧能力、血液碱储和血红素的氧化性能，从而出现贫血和组织缺氧。
仔猪是指刚出生的小猪，一般是从出生一直生长至三十公斤的猪，具有消化功能不够完善以及免疫力较差的特点，且生长发育迅速，身体代谢旺盛，在生长过程中，对氨气的抵抗力更低，当圈舍氨气浓度过高时，极易对仔猪的健康造成影响。
仔猪的饲料为仔猪浓缩饲料和能量饲料混合而成，常规仔猪浓缩饲料是以豆粕或去皮豆粕、鱼粉(动物蛋白原料)、石粉、氢钙、氯化钠、氨基酸、预混料等原料组成，现有技术中为提升仔猪对于饲料的消化，一般是在常规仔猪浓缩饲料中添加抗生素，并且使仔猪具有较好的抗病能力，但致使细菌耐药性和药物残留等问题日益突出，因此随着国家禁止在饲料中使用抗生素法规的颁布，仅仅使用传统仔猪浓缩饲料混合的仔猪饲料，使圈舍氨气浓度增加，仔猪呼吸道疾病增加，腹泻率增加，出栏时间延长，整体生产成绩下降。
现有技术中急需一种仔猪饲料，在仔猪食用后，明显降低舍内氨气浓度，能改善猪圈舍环境，降低仔猪呼吸道疾病发病率，同时能降低仔猪腹泻率，缩短出栏时间，整体提升生长效率。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种发酵仔猪饲料，仔猪食用后，能明显降低舍内氨气浓度，能改善猪圈舍环境，降低仔猪呼吸道疾病发病率，同时能降低仔猪腹泻率，缩短出栏时间，整体提升生长效率。
为达到上述技术目的，本发明的技术方案：
一种发酵仔猪饲料，包括浓缩饲料和能量饲料，所述浓缩饲料混合的各原料配比为发酵饲料10-20％、去皮豆粕55-78％、磷酸氢钙 1.5-2.5％、石粉3.5-4.5％、氯化钠1-2％、豆油1-3％、氨酸酸1-3％，所述去皮豆粕的粒径为1.5-2mm；
所述发酵饲料混合发酵的各原料配比为豆粕60-70％、米糠粕 2-4％、乳清粉2-3％、糖蜜1-3％，复合菌液15-20％，水7-15％，置于 30℃恒温发酵池中进行发酵72小时，所述豆粕和米糠的粒径为 2-2.5mm；
所述浓缩饲料和能量饲料的配比为25％的浓缩饲料外加75％的能量饲料，所述能量饲料为粒径2-2.5mm的玉米面；
所述复合菌液配比为乳酸菌70-85％、芽孢菌10-20％、酵母菌 5-10％。
作为进一步优化的方案，所述发酵饲料混合发酵的各原料配比为豆粕60-65％、米糠粕2-4％、乳清粉2-3％、糖蜜2-3％，复合菌液15-20％，水10-15％。
作为进一步优化的方案，所述复合菌液配比为乳酸菌78-85％、芽孢菌12-20％、酵母菌5-10％。
由于采用上述技术方案，本发明的有益效果：
仔猪饲养过程中，圈舍氨气浓度减少，腹泻率降低，呼吸道疾病降低，采食量提高，日增重提高。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的说明。
实施例一
一种发酵仔猪饲料，包括浓缩饲料和能量饲料，浓缩饲料混合的各原料配比为发酵饲料10-20％、去皮豆粕55-78％、磷酸氢钙 1.5-2.5％、石粉3.5-4.5％、氯化钠1-2％、豆油1-3％、氨酸酸1-3％，去皮豆粕的粒径为1.5-2mm；
发酵饲料混合发酵的各原料配比为豆粕60-70％、米糠粕2-4％、乳清粉2-3％、糖蜜1-3％，复合菌液15-20％，水7-15％，置于30℃恒温发酵池中进行发酵72小时，豆粕和米糠的粒径为2-2.5mm；
浓缩饲料和能量饲料的配比为25％的浓缩饲料外加75％的能量饲料，能量饲料为粒径2-2.5mm的玉米面；
复合菌液配比为乳酸菌70-85％、芽孢菌10-20％、酵母菌5-10％。
具体通过以下步骤，实现生产制作：
1.扩繁：将乳酸菌、芽孢菌和酵母菌单菌种分别扩繁，单一菌种加上培养基在液体罐中进行培养(需要注意培养基和菌种的合理配比)，液体罐控制在33-37℃，培养48小时。
2.接菌：将发酵饲料进行接菌发酵，先将豆粕和米糠粕用2.5mm 孔径筛片的锤片式粉碎机进行粉碎，然后配比为豆粕60-70％、米糠粕2-4％、乳清粉2-3％、糖蜜1-3％，复合菌液15-20％，水7-15％，置于30℃恒温发酵池中进行发酵72小时，根据上述比例进行混合接菌。
3.混合：将发酵好的发酵饲料按上述比例混合1.5-2mm的去皮豆粕、磷酸氢钙、石粉、氯化钠、豆油和氨酸酸，从而形成浓缩饲料，混合机为1吨级双轴高效混合机，通过自动化系统的进行控制，混合时间为120-150秒。
4.在养殖场使用时，将混合好的浓缩饲料25％添加，外加75％的 2-2.5mm粒径玉米面混合使用。
试验数据：
此次试验仔猪为三十头体重为15-20kg的健康仔猪，并随机分为三组，每组数量十头，分别为一组、二组和对比组，一组和二组的仔猪食用本实施例中的发酵仔猪饲料，对比组的仔猪食用常规仔猪饲料，具体测试指标及详细数据如下所述；
本次参与试验的三组试验仔猪分别在三处密封情况相同的仔猪圈舍内参与试验；试验指标中的腹泻平均发生率和呼吸道疾病平均发生率为仔猪发病天次比仔猪头数和试验天数之乘的占比比重，同时试验指标中的腹泻平均发生率和呼吸道疾病平均发生率的数值取小数点后一位。
根据现有技术原理可知饲料经过发酵后,蛋白质被分解为更易被动物体消化吸收的小分子活性肽、寡肽,纤维素、果胶被降解为单糖和寡糖,同时代谢产生的多种消化酶、氨基酸、维生素、抑菌物质、免疫增强因子以及其它一些菌体蛋白,作为营养物质被动物体吸收利用,显著提高了饲料的营养水平和饲料利用率,从而提高动物体的各项生产指标。
根据上述实验数据的说明，仔猪食用本实施方式的发酵仔猪饲料，提升仔猪的消化能力，仔猪饲养过程中，圈舍氨气浓度显著减少，腹泻率降低，呼吸道疾病降低，采食量提高，日增重提高。
本实施例所提出的发酵仔猪饲料，影响其技术效果发挥的关键点在于，发酵饲料发酵时间的控制，同时乳酸菌、芽孢菌和酵母菌三者的混合比例直接影响发酵效果，且需要注意的是在仔猪饲养阶段，发酵饲料在浓缩饲料中的添加比例，与养殖效益直接相关，而非越多越好。
实施例二
本实施例是在具体实施例一的基础上，具体的，发酵饲料混合发酵的各原料配比为豆粕60-65％、米糠粕2-4％、乳清粉2-3％、糖蜜2-3％，复合菌液15-20％，水10-15％。
实施例三
本实施例是在具体实施例一的基础上，具体的，复合菌液配比为乳酸菌78-85％、芽孢菌12-20％、酵母菌5-10％
以上所述本发明的具体实施方式，并不构成对本发明保护范围的限定。任何根据本发明的技术构思所做出的各种其他相应的改变与变形，均应包含在本发明权利要求的保护范围内。
Claims (3)
1.一种发酵仔猪饲料，包括浓缩饲料和能量饲料，其特征在于，所述浓缩饲料混合的各原料配比为发酵饲料10-20％、去皮豆粕55-78％、磷酸氢钙1.5-2.5％、石粉3.5-4.5％、氯化钠1-2％、豆油1-3％、氨酸酸1-3％，所述去皮豆粕的粒径为1.5-2mm；
所述发酵饲料混合发酵的各原料配比为豆粕60-70％、米糠粕2-4％、乳清粉2-3％、糖蜜1-3％，复合菌液15-20％，水7-15％，置于30℃恒温发酵池中进行发酵72小时，所述豆粕和米糠的粒径为2-2.5mm；
所述浓缩饲料和能量饲料的配比为25％的浓缩饲料和75％的能量饲料，所述能量饲料为粒径2-2.5mm的玉米面；
所述复合菌液配比为乳酸菌70-85％、芽孢菌10-20％、酵母菌5-10％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的发酵仔猪饲料，其特征在于，所述发酵饲料混合发酵的各原料配比为豆粕60-65％、米糠粕2-4％、乳清粉2-3％、糖蜜2-3％，复合菌液15-20％，水10-15％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的发酵仔猪饲料，其特征在于，所述复合菌液配比为乳酸菌78-85％、芽孢菌12-20％、酵母菌5-10％。
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