CN113301335A - Video signal encoding and decoding method - Google Patents
Video signal encoding and decoding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113301335A CN113301335A CN202110593383.8A CN202110593383A CN113301335A CN 113301335 A CN113301335 A CN 113301335A CN 202110593383 A CN202110593383 A CN 202110593383A CN 113301335 A CN113301335 A CN 113301335A
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- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
- H04N19/157—Assigned coding mode, i.e. the coding mode being predefined or preselected to be further used for selection of another element or parameter
- H04N19/159—Prediction type, e.g. intra-frame, inter-frame or bidirectional frame prediction
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- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
- H04N19/12—Selection from among a plurality of transforms or standards, e.g. selection between discrete cosine transform [DCT] and sub-band transform or selection between H.263 and H.264
- H04N19/122—Selection of transform size, e.g. 8x8 or 2x4x8 DCT; Selection of sub-band transforms of varying structure or type
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- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
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- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
- H04N19/13—Adaptive entropy coding, e.g. adaptive variable length coding [AVLC] or context adaptive binary arithmetic coding [CABAC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
- H04N19/136—Incoming video signal characteristics or properties
- H04N19/137—Motion inside a coding unit, e.g. average field, frame or block difference
- H04N19/139—Analysis of motion vectors, e.g. their magnitude, direction, variance or reliability
Abstract
The invention provides a video signal coding method, which comprises the following steps: step S1: dividing data of a video signal into a plurality of micro-blocks; step S2: determining whether the prediction mode of the current micro block is intra prediction or inter prediction; step S3: if the prediction mode is intra-frame prediction, determining an intra-frame prediction mode, and if the prediction mode is inter-frame prediction, determining a motion vector; step S4: transforming a prediction residual of an intra prediction mode or quantizing a transform coefficient of a motion vector; step S5: entropy coding the intra prediction mode or the motion vector and the quantized transform coefficient; and repeating the step S2 to the step S5 to finish the coding of all the micro blocks. The coding method and the decoding method of the invention are simpler than the coding method and the decoding method of the prior art, and the coding and decoding rate can be improved by adopting the coding method and the decoding method of the invention.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of coding technologies, and in particular, to a method for coding and decoding a video signal.
Background
The advent of video telephones, teleconferencing systems, video on demand systems, and other systems for transmitting moving images has led to international standardization of the methods for encoding such images. H.261, H.263 and H.264, as well as MPEG-1, MPEG-2 and MPEG-3, as defined by the motion Picture experts group, are compression standards for such images, some of which have been adopted by the world Standard organization.
Among these standards, prediction is one of the most important techniques, and prediction methods are generally divided into intra prediction and inter prediction, and a macroblock (an image pixel block of 16 × 16) is a basic unit of prediction and encoding and decoding. Macroblocks, which are composed of a luminance component of a portion of the image and a color difference component spatially correlated with this portion, are in various formats, the most common format being expressed by the term 4:2:0, which means that each macroblock contains 4 luminance pixels 8x8, each luminance pixel being 8 bits, and 2 chrominance pixels 8x8, each chrominance pixel being 8 bits.
The inter-frame prediction method uses these rectangular block-sized original images (original input images), i.e., original image blocks, to perform motion estimation in a reference image (an image used as a reference in a previously encoded reconstructed frame), and obtains a best matching image block of the original image block as a prediction result. In the intra-frame prediction method, a rectangular block which is coded around a rectangular block to be coded is utilized in a current coding frame, and a predicted rectangular block obtained by predicting the rectangular block to be coded is used as a prediction result. In the h.264 video coding standard, inter-coding uses macroblock partitioning and sub-partitioning methods of different sizes, and supports 7 inter-coding modes of different macroblock sizes, i.e., each macroblock can be partitioned according to 16 pixels by 16 pixels, 16 pixels by 8 pixels, 8 pixels by 16 pixels, and 8 pixels by 8 pixels, and if the macroblock mode of 8 pixels by 8 pixels is selected, macroblock sub-partitioning can be performed according to 8 pixels by 4 pixels, 4 pixels by 8 pixels, or 4 pixels by 4 pixels. During encoding, the encoder performs motion search on each possible macroblock mode, calculates the cost of each possible macroblock mode, and then finds the macroblock mode with the smallest cost. For intra-frame coding, the macroblock modes are more, so that the block neighborhood relation and intra-frame prediction and coding and decoding become complicated.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a video signal encoding and decoding method for a video signal, which can improve the encoding and decoding rates.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method of encoding a video signal, comprising:
step S1: dividing data of a video signal into a plurality of micro-blocks;
step S2: determining whether the prediction mode of the current micro block is intra prediction or inter prediction;
step S3: if the prediction mode is intra-frame prediction, determining an intra-frame prediction mode, and if the prediction mode is inter-frame prediction, determining a motion vector;
step S4: transforming a prediction residual of the intra prediction mode or quantizing a transform coefficient of the motion vector;
step S5: entropy encoding the intra prediction mode or the motion vector and the quantized transform coefficient;
and repeating the step S2 to the step S5 to finish the coding of all the micro blocks.
Optionally, in the method for encoding a video signal, the data of the video signal includes luminance data and chrominance data.
Optionally, in the method for encoding a video signal, when the data of the video signal is luminance data, after step S12, the method further includes: and determining a segmentation mode, and segmenting the current micro block into a plurality of blocks.
Optionally, in the method for encoding a video signal, the partition mode includes: 8x8 mode, 8x4 mode, 4x8 mode, or 4x4 mode.
Optionally, in the method for encoding a video signal, when the data of the video signal is luminance data, step S13 includes: if intra prediction is performed, an intra prediction mode is determined for each of the blocks, and if inter prediction is performed, a motion vector is determined for each of the blocks.
Optionally, in the method for encoding a video signal, the intra prediction mode includes: direct current prediction, vertical prediction, horizontal prediction, positive 45 degree direction prediction, and negative 45 degree direction prediction.
Optionally, in the method for encoding a video signal, the method for transforming the prediction residual of the intra prediction mode includes: transforming prediction residual using 8x 8DCT mode
Optionally, in the method for encoding a video signal, the entropy encoding uses a variable length code table or arithmetic coding.
The present invention also provides a method for decoding a video signal, comprising:
step S1: dividing the encoded data stream into a plurality of microblocks;
step S2: decoding the video signal to obtain a micro-block coding mode, a partition mode, an intra-frame prediction mode or a motion vector and a quantized transformation coefficient;
step S3: calculating a prediction value according to the intra prediction mode or the motion vector;
step S4: performing inverse quantization and inverse transformation on the quantized transform coefficients, and calculating residual values;
step S5: adding the predicted value and the residual value to obtain a value of a decoding micro-block;
step S6: and repeating the step S2 to the step S6 to finish the decoding of all the micro blocks.
Optionally, in the method for decoding a video signal, the decoding method includes: variable length code decoding or arithmetic decoding.
In the method for encoding and decoding the video signal of the video signal provided by the invention, the data of the video signal is divided into a plurality of micro blocks, and each micro block is encoded and decoded in turn.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a microblock of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a video signal encoding method according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a video signal encoding method according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of a video signal decoding method according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-pixel.
Detailed Description
The following describes in more detail embodiments of the present invention with reference to the schematic drawings. The advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description. It is to be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and are not to precise scale, which is merely for the purpose of facilitating and distinctly claiming the embodiments of the present invention.
In the following, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances. Similarly, if the method described herein comprises a series of steps, the order in which these steps are presented herein is not necessarily the only order in which these steps may be performed, and some of the described steps may be omitted and/or some other steps not described herein may be added to the method.
In the video signal coding of the present invention, a block formed by luminance or chrominance sample data having a prediction basic unit of 8x8 is referred to as a 'micro-block', and as shown in fig. 1, the micro-block is an 8x8 pixel block, and each grid is a pixel 1. The invention is directed to the coding of a video signal, and the video signal comprises chroma and/or brightness, therefore, the data of the video signal comprises brightness data and/or chroma data, when a frame is coded, the brightness data is coded firstly, the data is coded in sequence from top to bottom and from left to right by taking a micro-block as a unit, and then the chroma data is coded, the chroma data comprises Cb and Cr data, the data of the chroma Cb and Cr is coded in sequence when the chroma data is coded, and the data is also coded in sequence from top to bottom and from left to right by taking the micro-block as a unit. The encoded luminance data and the encoded chrominance data are somewhat different in detail, and when the luminance data is encoded, whether the luminance data is intra-frame prediction or inter-frame prediction, the micro-block can be further divided into three modes of sub-blocks, namely 8x4, 4x8, 4x4 and the like. When encoding chroma data, whether intra-prediction or inter-prediction, the microblocks are not further divided. When encoding chroma data, if the chroma data is intra-frame prediction, the encoding result of the brightness data is not referred to; in case of inter prediction, the motion vectors of several luma macroblocks in the same spatial position may be used to derive the motion vector of the current chroma macroblock, or a motion vector may be transmitted separately for the chroma macroblock or a difference may be transmitted. Specifically, the explanation is divided into a plurality of embodiments, in the first embodiment, chrominance data is encoded, and in the second embodiment, luminance data is encoded, and meanwhile, the present invention also provides a decoding method, such as the third embodiment, the decoding method is suitable for decoding chrominance data and decoding luminance data.
Example one
Referring to fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for encoding a video signal, where the input video data includes a plurality of pictures, each of the pictures is divided into a plurality of macroblocks, each of the pictures is encoded by using the method for encoding a video signal until all the pictures are encoded, and the method for encoding a video signal includes:
step S11: dividing data of a video signal into a plurality of micro-blocks;
step S12: determining whether the prediction mode of the current micro block is intra prediction or inter prediction;
step S13: if the prediction mode is intra-frame prediction, determining an intra-frame prediction mode, and if the prediction mode is inter-frame prediction, determining a motion vector;
step S14: transforming a prediction residual of the intra prediction mode or quantizing a transform coefficient of the motion vector;
step S15: entropy encoding the intra prediction mode or the motion vector and the quantized transform coefficient;
and repeating the step S12 to the step S15 to finish the coding of all the micro blocks. The chroma Cb and Cr are encoded in the second embodiment, and after the chroma Cb is encoded according to the steps S11 to S15, the chroma Cr is then encoded by repeating the steps S11 to S15.
Wherein the intra prediction mode includes: direct current prediction, vertical prediction, horizontal prediction, positive 45-degree direction prediction, and negative 45-degree direction prediction, and the optimal one is selected from the above 5 intra prediction modes as the intra prediction mode of step S13.
Further, the method of determining a motion vector includes: the full search method is adopted to search in the 48 x 48 pixel range with the precision of one quarter pixel, and the interpolation of one position with the best matching and the position of the block is used as the motion vector of the block.
Further, the method of transforming the prediction residual of the intra prediction mode includes: the prediction residual is transformed using a mode of 8 × 8 DCT.
Further, the method of quantizing a transform coefficient of a motion vector includes: dividing into 64 quantization levels, selecting one quantization level or a designated quantization level for quantization according to the code rate requirement. The entropy coding uses a variable length code table or arithmetic coding.
Preferably, the entropy coding uses a variable length code table or arithmetic coding.
Example two
Referring to fig. 3, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for encoding a video signal, where the input video data includes a plurality of pictures, each of the pictures is divided into a plurality of macroblocks, each of the pictures is encoded by using the method for encoding a video signal until all the pictures are encoded, and the method for encoding a video signal includes:
step S21: dividing data of a video signal into a plurality of micro-blocks;
step S22: determining whether the prediction mode of the current micro block is intra prediction or inter prediction;
step S23: determining a segmentation mode, and segmenting the current micro-block into a plurality of sub-blocks;
step S24: if the prediction mode is intra-frame prediction, determining an intra-frame prediction mode for each block, and if the prediction mode is inter-frame prediction, determining a motion vector for each block;
step S25: transforming prediction residuals of the partition mode and the intra prediction mode or quantizing a transform coefficient of the motion vector;
step S26: entropy encoding the intra prediction mode or the motion vector and the quantized transform coefficient;
and repeating the step S22 to the step S26 to finish the coding of all the micro blocks.
Wherein the segmentation mode comprises: 8x8 mode, 8x4 mode, 4x8 mode, or 4x4 mode.
Further, the intra prediction modes include: direct current prediction, vertical prediction, horizontal prediction, positive 45-degree direction prediction, and negative 45-degree direction prediction, and the optimal one is selected from the above 5 intra prediction modes as the intra prediction mode of step S24.
Further, the method for determining the intra prediction mode for each of the partitions includes: and selecting an optimal intra-frame prediction mode from the intra-frame prediction modes as the intra-frame prediction mode of the block.
Further, the method of determining a motion vector for each of the blocks includes: the full search method is adopted to search in the 48 x 48 pixel range with the precision of one quarter pixel, and the interpolation of one position with the best matching and the position of the block is used as the motion vector of the block.
Further, the method of transforming the prediction residual of the intra prediction mode includes: the prediction residual is transformed using a mode of 8 × 8 DCT. The method of quantizing a transform coefficient of a motion vector includes: dividing into 64 quantization levels, selecting one quantization level or a designated quantization level for quantization according to the code rate requirement.
Preferably, the entropy coding uses a variable length code table or arithmetic coding.
EXAMPLE III
Referring to fig. 4, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for decoding a video signal, where an encoded data stream is input, the encoded data stream includes a plurality of data, each data is divided into a plurality of micro blocks, each data is encoded by using the method for encoding the video signal until all data is decoded, and the method for decoding the video signal includes:
step S31: dividing the encoded data stream into a plurality of microblocks;
step S32: decoding the video signal to obtain a micro-block coding mode, a partition mode, an intra-frame prediction mode or a motion vector and a quantized transformation coefficient;
step S33: calculating a prediction value according to the intra prediction mode or the motion vector;
step S34: performing inverse quantization and inverse transformation on the quantized transform coefficients, and calculating residual values;
step S35: adding the predicted value and the residual value to obtain a value of a decoding micro-block;
step S36: and repeating the step S32 to the step S36 to finish the decoding of all the micro blocks. If it is chroma, the step S32 decodes the chroma data to obtain the partition mode, and similarly, the chroma decoding still decodes two chroma data in sequence. Wherein: the decoding method comprises the following steps: variable length code decoding or arithmetic decoding. The specific algorithm for calculating the predicted value and the residual value is determined by the encoding end.
In summary, in the method for encoding and decoding a video signal of a video signal according to the embodiment of the present invention, data of the video signal is divided into a plurality of microblocks, and each microblock is sequentially encoded and decoded.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention in any way. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method of encoding a video signal, comprising:
step S1: dividing data of a video signal into a plurality of micro-blocks;
step S2: determining whether the prediction mode of the current micro block is intra prediction or inter prediction;
step S3: if the prediction mode is intra-frame prediction, determining an intra-frame prediction mode, and if the prediction mode is inter-frame prediction, determining a motion vector;
step S4: transforming a prediction residual of the intra prediction mode or quantizing a transform coefficient of the motion vector;
step S5: entropy encoding the intra prediction mode or the motion vector and the quantized transform coefficient;
and repeating the step S2 to the step S5 to finish the coding of all the micro blocks.
2. The method of encoding a video signal according to claim 1, wherein the data of the video signal includes luminance data and chrominance data.
3. The method for encoding a video signal according to claim 2, wherein when the data of the video signal is luminance data, after step S12, the method further comprises: and determining a segmentation mode, and segmenting the current micro block into a plurality of blocks.
4. A method of encoding a video signal according to claim 3, wherein the partition mode comprises: 8x8 mode, 8x4 mode, 4x8 mode, or 4x4 mode.
5. The method for encoding a video signal according to claim 3, wherein when the data of the video signal is luminance data, step S13 includes: if intra prediction is performed, an intra prediction mode is determined for each of the blocks, and if inter prediction is performed, a motion vector is determined for each of the blocks.
6. The method of encoding a video signal according to claim 1, wherein the intra prediction mode includes: direct current prediction, vertical prediction, horizontal prediction, positive 45 degree direction prediction, and negative 45 degree direction prediction.
7. The method of encoding a video signal according to claim 1, wherein the method of transforming the prediction residue of the intra prediction mode comprises: the prediction residual is transformed using a mode of 8 × 8 DCT.
8. A method for encoding a video signal according to claim 1, wherein said entropy encoding uses a variable length code table or uses arithmetic coding.
9. A method of decoding a video signal, comprising:
step S1: dividing the encoded data stream into a plurality of microblocks;
step S2: decoding the video signal to obtain a micro-block coding mode, a partition mode, an intra-frame prediction mode or a motion vector and a quantized transformation coefficient;
step S3: calculating a prediction value according to the intra prediction mode or the motion vector;
step S4: performing inverse quantization and inverse transformation on the quantized transform coefficients, and calculating residual values;
step S5: adding the predicted value and the residual value to obtain a value of a decoding micro-block;
step S6: and repeating the step S2 to the step S6 to finish the decoding of all the micro blocks.
10. The method for decoding a video signal according to claim 9, wherein the decoding method comprises: variable length code decoding or arithmetic decoding.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1777283A (en) * | 2004-12-31 | 2006-05-24 | 上海广电（集团）有限公司 | Microblock based video signal coding/decoding method |
| CN102065298A (en) * | 2011-01-05 | 2011-05-18 | 西安电子科技大学 | High-performance macroblock coding implementation method |
| CN104683805A (en) * | 2013-11-30 | 2015-06-03 | 同济大学 | Image encoding method, image decoding method, image encoding device and image decoding device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1777283A (en) * | 2004-12-31 | 2006-05-24 | 上海广电（集团）有限公司 | Microblock based video signal coding/decoding method |
| CN102065298A (en) * | 2011-01-05 | 2011-05-18 | 西安电子科技大学 | High-performance macroblock coding implementation method |
| CN104683805A (en) * | 2013-11-30 | 2015-06-03 | 同济大学 | Image encoding method, image decoding method, image encoding device and image decoding device |
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Application publication date: 20210824 |