CN113300607A - Double-active-bridge submodule based on full-bridge interface, direct-current transformer and control method of direct-current transformer - Google Patents

Double-active-bridge submodule based on full-bridge interface, direct-current transformer and control method of direct-current transformer Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113300607A
CN113300607A CN202110580717.8A CN202110580717A CN113300607A CN 113300607 A CN113300607 A CN 113300607A CN 202110580717 A CN202110580717 A CN 202110580717A CN 113300607 A CN113300607 A CN 113300607A
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China
Prior art keywords
full
bridge
switch tube
voltage
interface
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CN202110580717.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
卓放
张楠
杨景刚
肖小龙
刘瑞煌
郭佳豪
杨騉
袁栋
朱卫平
袁宇波
苏伟
司鑫尧
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Xian Jiaotong University
State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Xian Jiaotong University
State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202110580717.8A priority Critical patent/CN113300607A/en
Publication of CN113300607A publication Critical patent/CN113300607A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33584—Bidirectional converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection

Abstract

The invention discloses a double-active-bridge submodule based on a full-bridge interface, a direct-current transformer and a control method thereof, wherein the direct-current transformer comprises a plurality of cascaded double-active-bridge submodules based on the full-bridge interface, each active-bridge submodule comprises a full-bridge interface, a medium-voltage side DC/AC full-bridge circuit, a high-frequency transformer and a low-voltage side DC/AC full-bridge circuit, a primary side of the high-frequency transformer is connected with the medium-voltage side DC/AC full-bridge circuit, a secondary side of the high-frequency transformer is connected with the low-voltage side DC/AC full-bridge circuit, and the medium-voltage side DC/AC full-bridge circuit is connected with the full-bridge interface. The input capacitor can be recharged automatically after the system is locked, so that the restarting pre-charging time is effectively reduced, and the recovery process of the system is accelerated.

Description

Double-active-bridge submodule based on full-bridge interface, direct-current transformer and control method of direct-current transformer
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of DC/DC converters for medium and low voltage DC distribution networks, and particularly relates to a DC transformer topology for realizing fault ride-through and a control method thereof.
Background
With the global wide discussion of the problems of energy shortage and the like, renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic and wind power are concerned more and more, and the occupation ratio of new energy sources such as photovoltaic cells and wind turbines in power systems will increase greatly in the future. However, electric energy generated by the power supplies is direct current or can be changed into direct current after simple conversion, and under the traditional alternating current grid-connected mode, the integration of distributed energy needs to pass through a complicated alternating current-direct current conversion link, so that the access convenience is directly influenced, and the system operation efficiency is reduced. In addition, many low-voltage electrical devices at the terminal are essentially direct-current driven, and can work only through a rectification link when being used, such as computers, liquid crystal televisions, printers, washing machines, refrigerators and the like. Therefore, the high-proportion access of the distributed energy and the increase of the direct-current load proportion of the terminal provide assistance for the development of the direct-current power distribution network.
As a key device of a fully-controlled direct-current power distribution network, the medium-voltage to low-voltage power electronic transformer not only has the functions of stabilizing bus voltage, power transmission, power flow control and the like, but also has fault ride-through capability which determines the system safety and reliability of the medium-voltage direct-current power distribution network. Generally, a dc transformer applied to a medium-low voltage dc distribution network scene needs to have the following basic functions: (1) the functions of connection, voltage conversion, power transmission and electrical isolation among direct current buses with different voltage grades in the direct current power distribution network can be realized; (2) the power and flow direction of the direct-current transformer can be controlled; (3) the transformer needs to have the characteristics of modularization, easy expansion and redundancy, meets the requirements of flexible configuration of the transformer structure for complex transmission, storage and use of the low-voltage side, and has higher reliability. (4) Effectively control voltage and load power fluctuation under extreme conditions, and has fault ride-through function.
Aiming at various practical engineering application requirements, a direct current transformer formed by cascading DAB modules is mainly adopted in a medium-low voltage direct current distribution network, namely, a single low-power DAB module is connected in series at an input side and is connected in parallel at an output side, so that a multi-module series-parallel ISOP (input-output Power) cascade system is formed. When a short-circuit fault occurs on the input side, the precharging needs to be longer during the system restart process because the input capacitor of the DAB module is usually completely discharged after the short-circuit fault occurs.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the aspects of fault protection and the like in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a double-active-bridge topology based on a full-bridge interface as a direct-current transformer, a submodule and a control method, and through accelerating the pre-charging process of restarting, the fault recovery capability of the direct-current transformer after the direct-current line short circuit fault occurs is improved, and the fault ride-through capability of the direct-current transformer is integrally improved.
The double-active bridge submodule based on the full-bridge interface is characterized by comprising a full-bridge interface, a medium-voltage side DC/AC full-bridge circuit, a high-frequency transformer and a low-voltage side DC/AC full-bridge circuit, wherein the high-frequency transformer is connected with the medium-voltage side DC/AC full-bridge circuit on the primary side and the low-voltage side DC/AC full-bridge circuit on the secondary side, and the medium-voltage side DC/AC full-bridge circuit is connected with the full-bridge interface.
Further, the full-bridge interface comprises an input capacitor C1, a switch tube S1, a switch tube S2, a switch tube S3 and a switch tube S4, a collector of the switch tube S1, a first end of the input capacitor C1 and a collector of the switch tube S4 are connected, an emitter of the switch tube S1, a first end of an input inductor Lin are connected with a collector of the switch tube S2, a second end of the input inductor Lin is connected to a positive pole of a medium-voltage direct-current bus, an emitter of the switch tube S2, a second end of the input capacitor C1 and an emitter of the switch tube S3 are connected, and an emitter of the switch tube S4 and a collector of the switch tube S3 are connected to a negative pole of the medium-voltage direct-current bus.
Furthermore, the switching tube in the full-bridge interface is composed of an IGBT and a diode which are connected in series in an opposite direction.
Furthermore, the switching devices in the medium-voltage side DC/AC full-bridge circuit and the low-voltage side DC/AC full-bridge circuit are IGBTs.
Furthermore, the output ends of the medium-voltage side DC/AC full-bridge circuits are respectively connected with a voltage stabilizing capacitor C2。
Furthermore, a power inductor L is connected between the primary side winding of the high-frequency transformer and the medium-voltage side DC/AC full-bridge circuitT。
The direct-current transformer is characterized by comprising N cascaded double-active-bridge submodules based on the full-bridge interface.
When a double-active bridge submodule based on a full-bridge interface is locked, follow current forms a follow current loop through anti-parallel diodes D2 and D4 and flows through an input capacitor C1 to recharge an input capacitor C1, so that the voltage of the input capacitor is recovered.
Furthermore, when a double-active-bridge submodule based on the full-bridge interface fails, the submodule is cut off by controlling the state of a switching tube in the full-bridge interface; and the state of the switch tube is switched into the redundancy submodule by controlling the state of the switch tube of the redundancy submodule, wherein the redundancy submodule is a double-active bridge submodule based on a full-bridge interface.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a direct current transformer topology which is composed of a cascaded double-active bridge structure with a full-bridge interface, due to the existence of a switch tube in the full-bridge interface, when the double-active bridge structure is locked, a double-active bridge submodule with the full-bridge interface enters an inductance follow current stage, follow current forms a follow current loop through two anti-parallel diodes, flows through an input capacitor C1 to recharge an input capacitor C1, the input capacitor can be recharged automatically after the system is locked, the restarting pre-charging time is effectively reduced, and the system recovery process is accelerated.
A control method of a direct current transformer is characterized in that sub-modules where switch tubes S1-S4 are located can be put into or cut off to operate by controlling the on and off states of the switch tubes S1-S4 in a full-bridge interface, and the function of redundancy control is taken into consideration.
When a double-active-bridge submodule based on a full-bridge interface fails, the submodule is cut off by controlling the state of a switching tube in the full-bridge interface; and the state of the switch tube is switched into the redundancy submodule by controlling the state of the switch tube of the redundancy submodule, the redundancy submodule is a double-active-bridge submodule based on a full-bridge interface, and after transient state, the direct-current transformer reaches a new stable state.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a sub-module topology of the present invention;
FIG. 2a is a diagram of the state of the submodule of the present invention;
FIG. 2b is a cut-away view of a sub-module of the present invention;
FIG. 2c is a view of a submodule lockout state of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a timing diagram of the operation of FBDAB after a double-pole short-circuit fault occurs in the DC line;
FIG. 4 is a capacitance discharge equivalent circuit diagram of the FBDAB module;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a single phase shift control employed in an ISOP system;
FIG. 6 is a voltage current waveform diagram after a bipolar short circuit fault of the FBDAB module;
FIG. 7 is a voltage current waveform diagram after a DAB module bipolar short circuit fault;
fig. 8 is a voltage waveform of the FBDAB module switching in the ISOP system.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
A direct current transformer comprises N ISOP cascaded double-active-bridge sub-modules with full-bridge interfaces.
The topological structure shown in fig. 1 is a submodule of a double-active bridge based on a full-bridge interface, each FBDAB module comprises a full-bridge interface FB and a high-frequency transformer at the input side, a medium-voltage side DC/AC full-bridge circuit connected with the primary side of the high-frequency transformer, a low-voltage side DC/AC full-bridge circuit connected with the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer, the output port of the medium-voltage side DC/AC full-bridge circuit is a medium-voltage side interface ab, and the output end of the low-voltage side DC/AC full-bridge circuit is a low-voltage side interface cd.
The full-bridge interface comprises an input capacitor C1, a switch tube S1, a switch tube S2, a switch tube S3 and a switch tube S4, a collector of the switch tube S1, a first end of an input capacitor C1 and a collector of the switch tube S4 are connected, an emitter of the switch tube S1, a first end of an input inductor Lin are connected with a collector of the switch tube S2, a second end of the input inductor Lin is connected to a positive pole of a medium-voltage direct-current bus, an emitter of the switch tube S2, a second end of an input capacitor C1 and an emitter of the switch tube S3 are connected, and an emitter of the switch tube S4 and a collector of the switch tube S3 are connected to a negative pole of the medium-voltage direct-current bus.
Wherein: two ends of the input side of the FBDAB are respectively connected with a medium-voltage direct-current bus, and two ends of the output side of the FBDAB are connected with a low-voltage direct-current bus.
Preferably, the switching devices in the medium-voltage side DC/AC full-bridge circuit and the low-voltage side DC/AC full-bridge circuit are IGBTs.
Preferably, the input end of the medium-voltage side DC/AC full-bridge circuit and the output end of the DC/AC full-bridge circuit are respectively connected with a voltage stabilizing capacitor C1Voltage stabilizing capacitor C2。
Preferably, a power inductor L is connected between the primary side winding of the high-frequency transformer and the medium-voltage side DC/AC full-bridge circuitT。
Preferably, the input capacitor C1 is connected to the full bridge FB, so that the switch tube S is connected1～S4The on-off of the module can also control the voltage on the input capacitor, and further control the switching of the submodule in the ISOP cascade system.
Preferably, the current circulation loop in the freewheeling phase may be changed after the submodule is locked, so that the input capacitor of the submodule is recharged, thereby shortening the restart time.
As shown in fig. 2 a: when switching tube S1、S3Open and switch tube S2And S4When the sub-module is switched off, the sub-module is in a normal input state, and a loop when the input capacitor is precharged is as follows: in operation the loop is Lin→S1→C1→D3；
As shown in fig. 2 b: when switching tube S2And S3Open and switch tube S1And S4When the module is turned off, the sub-module is in a cut-off state, and the loop of the input current in the sub-module is Lin→S2→D3The input port is externally equivalent to a short circuit;
as shown in fig. 2 c: when S is1、S2、S3、S4When the sub-modules are all turned off, the sub-modules are in a locked state, and no current flows in the sub-modules because the voltage at the input end is opposite to the direction of the conducting voltage of each anti-parallel diode under the normal working condition.
As shown in fig. 3, when an inter-electrode short-circuit fault occurs on the input side of FBDAB, the fault process is divided into two stages, namely, a stage before locking and a stage after locking, and the restart stage after fault clearing mainly performs capacitor pre-charging.
And (4) normal operation: the system is operating normally;
and (3) a discharging stage: after the fault occurs and before the system is locked, the input capacitor C1 discharges through a fault loop, the voltage of the capacitor is rapidly reduced, and the current is immediately increased reversely;
a follow current stage: when the input capacitor voltage is 0, the current in the loop freewheels through the anti-parallel diodes D2 and D4, flows through the input capacitor C1, and recharges the input capacitor C1, so that the input capacitor voltage is recovered.
A shutdown stage: the system is locked, the direct current transformer enters a shutdown state, and the follow current process is not influenced by locking until the energy is completely 0;
and (3) restarting: and after the fault is cleared, unlocking and restarting the system, and precharging the input capacitor.
According to the submodule topology of the double-active bridge based on the full-bridge interface, the input capacitor of the module can be recharged by changing the current circulation loop in the follow current stage, so that the restart time is shortened, and the fault recovery capability of a system is improved. The method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, before locking, the FBDAB submodule undergoes a capacitive discharge process, an underdamping state is considered, the process can generate a very large discharge current, a fault loop can be equivalent to a second-order RLC circuit, an equivalent circuit diagram is shown in FIG. 4 and comprises a fault point transition resistor, an input inductor and an input capacitor, and a switching tube S1And S3The on-resistance of (a) is negligible.
And 2, after locking, due to the existence of back electromotive force on the inductor, the voltage at the input end has the same direction as the conduction voltage of the anti-parallel diodes D2 and D4, the FBDAB sub-module enters an inductor freewheeling stage, freewheeling current forms a freewheeling loop through the anti-parallel diodes D2 and D4, and flows through the input capacitor C1 to recharge the input capacitor C1, so that the voltage of the input capacitor is recovered. The recovery degree of the voltage of the input capacitor C1 mainly depends on the inductance Lin of the input inductor and the resistance of the fault point transition resistor Rf.
And 3, when the fault is cleared and the system is restarted, the pre-charging process is accelerated due to the charging process in the follow current stage, so that the quick recovery or restarting process of the system is accelerated.
In one embodiment of the invention:
the system has the following simulation parameters: the medium voltage bus 10kV, the low voltage bus reference voltage is 750V, the FBDAB module quantity is 4, the high frequency transformer transformation ratio is 1: 1, the switching frequency is 20 kHz. In the simulation experiment, the phase shift control of the four DAB modules adopts a single phase shift control mode shown in FIG. 5. When the system is stable: the medium-voltage side ideal input voltage of each FBDAB module is 2500V, and the low-voltage side port output voltage is 750V. In the simulation, a bipolar short-circuit grounding fault triggered at 0.5s is set, and after 2ms of latching delay, the switch tube in the 0.502s latching module is locked.
The simulation results are shown in fig. 6. In fig. 6, after a double short circuit fault occurs, when the system is not locked, the FBDAB is in a capacitor discharge phase, the capacitor voltage drops from 2500V in normal operation and generates a huge reverse short circuit current, the current peak value is 11.4kA, and the voltage is reduced to zero after t is 0.5018 s. After the system is locked, the FBDAB utilizes a special follow current loop to send the residual energy on the inductor into the input capacitor again to charge the input capacitor, so that the voltage of the capacitor is restored to 2000V.
Comparing the DAB module under the same condition and fault setting, the voltage on the capacitor and the waveform of the current flowing through the capacitor after the bipolar short-circuit fault are shown in fig. 7, it can be seen that after the bipolar short-circuit fault occurs, when the system is not locked, the conventional dual-active bridge structure DAB is in the capacitor discharge phase, the capacitor voltage drops from 2500V in normal operation and generates a huge reverse short-circuit current, the current peak value is 11.4kA, and the voltage decreases to zero after t is 0.5018 s. After the system is locked, the inductance current of SCDAB flows through the anti-parallel diode in the SC module to form a loop with the fault point, so that the inductance current cannot be reused, and the capacitance voltage is always zero.
In addition, in order to verify the switching function of the FBDAB submodule, an internal fault of the submodule is set. As shown in fig. 8, it can be seen that the dc transformer is in the pre-charging stage, the four modules equally divide the input voltage Vin, and the input side voltage of each module is 2500V; when the precharge is completed, under the redundancy control, the redundant module 4 is cut off from the system at once, the voltage on the input side thereof becomes 0, and the remaining three modules reach a new voltage value of 3333V under the action of the input strap. When t is 0.7s, the short-circuit fault occurs in the sub-module 2, the module 2 is cut off from the system after the detection of the diagnosis circuit, the redundant module 4 is put into use, after a short transient state, the direct current transformer reaches a new steady state, and the input side voltage of the redundant module is changed into 3333V.

Claims (9)

1. The double-active bridge submodule based on the full-bridge interface is characterized by comprising the full-bridge interface, a medium-voltage side DC/AC full-bridge circuit, a high-frequency transformer and a low-voltage side DC/AC full-bridge circuit,
the high-frequency transformer is connected with a medium-voltage side DC/AC full-bridge circuit on the primary side and a low-voltage side DC/AC full-bridge circuit on the secondary side, and the medium-voltage side DC/AC full-bridge circuit is connected with the full-bridge interface.
2. The dual-active-bridge sub-module based on the full-bridge interface according to claim 1, wherein the full-bridge interface comprises an input capacitor C1, a switch tube S1, a switch tube S2, a switch tube S3 and a switch tube S4, a collector of the switch tube S1, a first end of the input capacitor C1 and a collector of the switch tube S4 are connected, an emitter of the switch tube S1, a first end of an input inductor Lin and a collector of the switch tube S2 are connected, a second end of the input inductor Lin is connected to a medium-voltage direct-current bus positive electrode, an emitter of the switch tube S2, a second end of the input capacitor C1 and an emitter of the switch tube S3 are connected, and an emitter of the switch tube S4 and a collector of the switch tube S3 are connected to a medium-voltage direct-current bus negative electrode.
3. The dual-active bridge sub-module based on the full-bridge interface of claim 2, wherein the switching tubes in the full-bridge interface are composed of reverse series connected IGBTs and diodes.
4. The full-bridge interface-based dual-active bridge sub-module of claim 1, wherein the switching devices in the medium-voltage side DC/AC full-bridge circuit and the low-voltage side DC/AC full-bridge circuit are IGBTs.
5. The full bridge interface based doublet of claim 1The active bridge sub-module is characterized in that the output ends of the medium-voltage side DC/AC full-bridge circuit are respectively connected with a voltage stabilizing capacitor C2。
6. The dual-active bridge sub-module based on the full-bridge interface of claim 1, wherein a power inductor L is connected between the primary side winding of the high frequency transformer and the medium voltage side DC/AC full-bridge circuitT。
7. A dc transformer comprising N cascaded dual active bridge sub-modules based on a full bridge interface as claimed in claim 1.
8. The method for controlling the direct current transformer of claim 7, wherein when the dual active bridge sub-module based on the full bridge interface is locked, the freewheeling current forms a freewheeling loop through the anti-parallel diode D2 and the diode D4 in the dual active bridge sub-module, and flows through the input capacitor C1 to recharge the input capacitor C1, so that the input capacitor voltage is recovered.
9. The method for controlling a dc transformer according to claim 8, wherein when a dual active bridge sub-module based on the full-bridge interface fails, the sub-module is cut off by controlling the state of the switch tube in the full-bridge interface; and the state of the switch tube is switched into the redundancy submodule by controlling the state of the switch tube of the redundancy submodule, wherein the redundancy submodule is a double-active bridge submodule based on a full-bridge interface.
CN202110580717.8A 2021-05-26 2021-05-26 Double-active-bridge submodule based on full-bridge interface, direct-current transformer and control method of direct-current transformer Pending CN113300607A (en)

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Application publication date: 20210824