CN113295590A - Improved double-ring penetration test method for ensuring vertical infiltration of inner ring moisture - Google Patents
Improved double-ring penetration test method for ensuring vertical infiltration of inner ring moisture Download PDFInfo
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- CN113295590A CN113295590A CN202110477391.6A CN202110477391A CN113295590A CN 113295590 A CN113295590 A CN 113295590A CN 202110477391 A CN202110477391 A CN 202110477391A CN 113295590 A CN113295590 A CN 113295590A
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of soil infiltration measurement, and particularly relates to an improved double-ring infiltration test method for ensuring vertical infiltration of inner-ring water, which is used for determining a soil infiltration coefficient. According to the method, the double-ring penetration test is improved, the excavated space replaces the action of an outer ring of the traditional double-ring test, the water in the inner ring is ensured to strictly and vertically infiltrate, the defect of lateral infiltration of the water in the inner ring of the traditional double-ring test is overcome, and meanwhile, the wetting front is visible. The method solves the problem that the vertical infiltration of water cannot be ensured when the permeability coefficient is measured by the traditional double-ring test, and simultaneously, the real-time infiltration information of the soil is mastered by combining the obtained wetting front migration curve and the soil moisture content curve obtained by the sensor data, and further researches such as the establishment of an infiltration model are carried out. From a new perspective, a new thought is provided for the design of a soil infiltration measurement test, and more accurate basic research data is provided for the fields of various soil hydraulic researches, agricultural irrigation scheme adjustment, geological disaster prevention and control and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of soil infiltration measurement, and particularly relates to an improved double-ring infiltration test method for ensuring vertical infiltration of inner-ring moisture.
Background
The infiltration performance of soil is one of the most important basic physical properties for describing the infiltration speed of soil, and is one of the most basic parameters in various scientific researches, such as hydrology, environmental engineering, ecology, agriculture, civil engineering, hydraulic engineering, geotechnical engineering, geological disasters and other fields. The soil infiltration performance determines the distribution of surface water, soil water and underground water resources, and is an important basic parameter for the calculation of global or regional water balance; in the design of a farmland irrigation scheme, particularly in water-saving irrigation, the irrigation intensity is determined according to the infiltration performance of the soil, and the concentration of pollutants brought into the soil by irrigation is calculated; in geotechnical engineering related to water, the method is also a very key basic parameter in scientific researches such as calculating the stability of a reservoir dam foundation, calculating the stability of a slope, determining the break time of a debris flow damming dam and the like. The method has the advantages that the more accurate soil infiltration rate is obtained, the hydrological process can be more clearly known, the farmland soil pollution is reduced, the irrigation water resource is saved, the soil stability is calculated, the risk caused by various geological disasters is reduced, and the like.
The double-ring method is a widely used method for measuring the soil infiltration rate in the field. The improvement of the double-ring method in the existing research is generally the improvement of a water supply system, such as automatic reading, automatic measurement of the amount of water infiltration and the like, so that the measurement process is easier, but the accuracy of the infiltration result is not fundamentally improved. Through research, the outer ring can only ensure that water in a shallow layer range is close to one-dimensional infiltration in a test, but cannot ensure that water in a deeper range is also infiltrated in a one-dimensional state. And that is, the infiltration of the inner and outer rings will affect each other after the water infiltration exceeds the penetration depth of the double rings. The water in the outer ring flows into the vertical infiltration area of the inner ring, which causes the infiltration rate of the inner ring to be lower.
The double-ring infiltration instrument consists of two rings, namely an outer ring and an inner ring. And excavating a test pit in test soil planned in the test area. The two rings are concentrically nested with each other, and the soil to be measured is hammered into the rings, so that the ring openings are horizontal and inserted into the soil; fine sand is uniformly paved on the soil body at the bottom of the rings to serve as a transition layer, so that the scouring of the water body to the soil surface is reduced, and water is injected into the two rings until the two rings are full; and placing a bracket, adding water into two 5000ml water supply bottles, and respectively placing the bottles at the water surface positions of the inner ring and the outer ring through the bracket. The inclined opening and the air inlet of the water supply bottle are inserted below the water surface and are at the same height; the rubber plug is opened, the water yield of the water supply bottle is adjusted, and the water level of the inner ring and the outer ring is kept unchanged under the control of the water supply bottle; the water seepage starting time and the water level of the water supply bottle are recorded, the time interval recorded when the test is started is short, and the recording time interval can be properly increased along with the test. And calculating the permeability coefficient through a corresponding formula according to the recorded descending height of the water level of the water supply bottle and the corresponding time of the water level. In this test, the outer ring serves to prevent lateral seepage of the inner ring down-seepage flow and to try to bring the inner ring moisture close to one-dimensional infiltration.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects that the outer ring of the traditional double-ring test cannot ensure the vertical one-dimensional infiltration of the water in the inner ring and cannot determine the depth of the wetting front, the invention provides an improved double-ring penetration test method for ensuring the vertical infiltration of the water in the inner ring. The method improves the precision of the basic data, namely the soil body infiltration coefficient, in the scientific research of a plurality of subjects, provides a new thought for the design of the soil infiltration measurement experiment, and improves the precision of the basic data in a plurality of research fields, such as hydrology, agriculture, disaster and the like. Meanwhile, the real-time infiltration information of the soil body is mastered by combining the obtained wetting front migration curve and the soil body water content curve obtained by the sensor data, and researches such as infiltration model establishment are further developed.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an improved double-ring penetration test method for ensuring vertical penetration of water into an inner ring comprises,
s1, carrying out a double-loop test on the tested soil body, and hollowing out an outer ring soil body to form an independent soil column;
s2, embedding an inner ring above the soil column, and mounting a sensor combination on the side wall of the soil column;
s3, injecting water into the inner ring through the Ma-shi bottle, and recording the water level reduction amount and time of the Ma-shi bottle;
s4, infiltrating water into the inner ring to form a wetting front, and continuously recording the data of the wetting front;
s5, acquiring water infiltration information according to the sensor group data;
and S6, generating a model through the wetting front data and the infiltration information.
The diameter of the soil column is 30-120 cm, the diameter of the inner ring is smaller than that of the soil column, and the difference is smaller than 5%.
And the air inlet and the water outlet of the Malpighian bottle are arranged on the inner wall of the inner ring, and the air inlet and the water outlet are kept on the same plane.
And in the water injection process of the inner ring through the Mariotte bottle, the water level of the inner ring is kept unchanged.
And the side surface of the soil column is provided with a flexible rule in parallel, and the migration depth of the wetting front is read through the flexible rule.
The sensor group is a water sensor and a pressure sensor which are arranged on the side wall of the earth pillar.
The generated model comprises an empirical model and an infiltration model represented by Green-Ampt with a physical basis.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention has three advantages which are obviously different from the common double-ring test through the improved double-ring penetration test and the improvement.
(1) The outer ring of the traditional double-ring test can only control the vertical infiltration of water of about 30cm on the surface of a measuring area, but cannot ensure the one-dimensional infiltration of a deeper soil body, and the deeper water body can carry out lateral flow. The excavated space replaces an outer ring of the traditional double-ring test, so that water permeating into a soil body is ensured to strictly seep according to one dimension, and errors caused by lateral flow of water in the inner ring on a test result are avoided;
(2) the traditional method for obtaining the migration rate of the wetting front is an indoor soil column test, and disturbed remolded soil causes a great difference between a test result and the migration of the wetting front of natural undisturbed soil. The real and accurate wetting front is a very key factor in seepage calculation, such as the application in researches of calculating a permeability rate curve by a wetting front advancing method, calculating a saturation permeability coefficient by a Green-Ampt model and the like;
(3) the data collected by the moisture sensor can definitely know the distribution condition of the water content of the soil body, and is an important parameter in various hydraulic calculations. The double-ring improvement test has the advantages of low cost, high accuracy of obtained results, and capability of introducing other water and soil force sensors including but not limited to a moisture sensor into the test, and providing more accurate basic data for researches in relevant fields of hydrology, agriculture, disaster science and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of permeability coefficient versus time for an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of wetting front versus time for an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of moisture sensor data collected in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by specific embodiments in the following with the accompanying drawings:
example 1
The invention provides an improved double-ring penetration test method for ensuring vertical infiltration of inner ring moisture, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: a soil body to be tested is selected in the field, a test pit with the diameter of about 2m is dug in a selected area, surface soil is removed to avoid disturbance generated by root system channels and the like, and a soil column with the diameter of 1m and the height of 1.6m is dug in the test pit.
Step two: embedding an inner ring steel ring above the earth pillar to form an inner ring water tank, sealing the inside and outside of the periphery of the steel ring with expansive soil to enable the steel ring to be in close contact with the earth pillar, and paving fine sand on the surface of a soil body in the steel ring to serve as a buffer layer.
Step three: three flexible rules are nailed on the side wall of the earth pillar, so that the migration depth of the wetting front can be conveniently observed and measured, and a plurality of moisture sensors and pressure sensors are arranged on the side wall of the earth pillar. The positions of the moisture sensor and the pressure sensor are respectively 10cm, 30cm, 50cm,70cm,110cm and 150cm below the upper surface of the soil column.
Step four: connecting an air inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe of the Ma bottle with the inside of a steel ring, wherein the two pipes are at the same height, injecting water into the steel ring with the height of 10cm, and adjusting the Ma bottle to ensure that the water level in the steel ring is not changed;
step five: when the test is started, the position of the wetting front and the water consumption in the Mariotte bottle are recorded every 5min, the recording interval is properly prolonged along with the test, and the test can be stopped when the water consumption in the Mariotte bottle is stable in unit time. And after the test is stopped, collecting water content data.
And (4) calculating the recorded time t and the water consumption Q of the Ma bottle according to Darcy's law.
kTIs the soil permeability coefficient, AhIs the area of the steel ring.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (7)
1. An improved double-ring penetration test method for ensuring vertical infiltration of water in an inner ring is characterized by comprising the following steps,
s1, carrying out a double-loop test on the tested soil body, and hollowing out an outer ring soil body to form an independent soil column;
s2, embedding an inner ring above the soil column, and mounting a sensor combination on the side wall of the soil column;
s3, injecting water into the inner ring through the Ma-shi bottle, and recording the water level reduction amount and time of the Ma-shi bottle;
s4, infiltrating water into the inner ring to form a wetting front, and continuously recording the data of the wetting front;
s5, acquiring water infiltration information according to the sensor group data;
and S6, generating a model through the wetting front data and the infiltration information.
2. The improved double loop penetration test method for ensuring vertical infiltration of water into inner loops of claim 1, wherein the diameter of the column is 30cm to 120cm, the diameter of the inner loop is less than the diameter of the column, and the difference is less than 5%.
3. The improved double-ring penetration test method for ensuring vertical infiltration of water into an inner ring of the water dispenser according to claim 1, wherein the air inlet and the water outlet of the Malpighian bottle are arranged on the inner wall of the inner ring and are kept on the same plane.
4. The improved double-ring penetration test method for ensuring vertical infiltration of water into an inner ring of claim 1, wherein the water level in the inner ring is kept constant during water injection through the Malpighian bottle.
5. The improved double-ring penetration test method for ensuring vertical infiltration of water into inner rings according to claim 1, wherein the lateral surface of the soil column is provided with a flexible rule in parallel, and the migration depth of the wetting front is read by the flexible rule.
6. The improved double-ring penetration test method for ensuring vertical infiltration of water into an inner ring according to claim 1, wherein the sensors are water sensors and pressure sensors arranged on the side wall of the soil column.
7. The improved bicyclic penetration test method for ensuring vertical infiltration of internal ring water according to claim 1 wherein said generated model comprises empirical type model, physical based infiltration model represented by Green-Ampt.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114813500A (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2022-07-29 | 信息产业部电子综合勘察研究院 | Method for measuring loess stratum matrix suction by using field immersion test |
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| CN105784564A (en) * | 2016-03-24 | 2016-07-20 | 青岛理工大学 | Improved double-ring infiltration process visual test device and test method thereof |
| CN106680175A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2017-05-17 | 河海大学 | Outer pipe drawdown double-pipe method for determining hydrogeological parameters of aquitard of inner pipe on site |
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| CN105784564A (en) * | 2016-03-24 | 2016-07-20 | 青岛理工大学 | Improved double-ring infiltration process visual test device and test method thereof |
| CN106680175A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2017-05-17 | 河海大学 | Outer pipe drawdown double-pipe method for determining hydrogeological parameters of aquitard of inner pipe on site |
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Cited By (2)
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| CN114813500A (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2022-07-29 | 信息产业部电子综合勘察研究院 | Method for measuring loess stratum matrix suction by using field immersion test |
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