CN113295497A - Preparation method of layered transparent clay - Google Patents
Preparation method of layered transparent clay Download PDFInfo
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- CN113295497A CN113295497A CN202110642686.4A CN202110642686A CN113295497A CN 113295497 A CN113295497 A CN 113295497A CN 202110642686 A CN202110642686 A CN 202110642686A CN 113295497 A CN113295497 A CN 113295497A
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- laponite
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/36—Embedding or analogous mounting of samples
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering visual model tests, and particularly relates to a preparation method of layered transparent clay, which solves the problems that a transparent clay model test in the prior art does not have a layered transparent clay model yet, and a single-layer clay model cannot simulate the mechanical effect of layered soil, and comprises the following steps: s1, respectively calculating the usage amounts of the laponite RD, the sodium pyrophosphate, the deionized water and the tracer particles; s2, adding deionized water, adding sodium pyrophosphate while stirring, adding laponite RD after the sodium pyrophosphate is completely dissolved, fully stirring, adding tracer particles after the laponite RD is completely dissolved, and uniformly stirring to prepare laponite RD transparent soil; and S3, assembling layered soil. The transparent soils with different strengths prepared by the method can be stacked in any order, and a complex layered transparent clay test model is constructed while ensuring good transparency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering visual model tests, in particular to a preparation method of layered transparent clay.
Background
Geotechnical engineering is an important branch of civil engineering and mainly researches rock mass and soil engineering problems. The physical model test is a research method with early development and wide application in the field of geotechnical engineering, can be more intuitive, and can qualitatively or quantitatively reflect the stress characteristics of natural rock masses or soil bodies related to underground engineering. The physical model test not only can explore a plurality of problems which are not easy to solve by using mathematical and mechanical methods at present, but also can provide a basis for establishing a new theoretical and mathematical model. With the increasing scale of newly-built underground engineering, the problems are more and more complex, and the content needing to be researched is more and more, so that the physical model test has more and more practical engineering significance.
The traditional geotechnical engineering model test adopts natural soil bodies, and the natural soil bodies are opaque, so that the deformation conditions inside the soil bodies cannot be observed visually, and the movement and deformation of the soil bodies are measured. In order to overcome the defects of the method for embedding the strain gauge, many scholars begin to try to replace natural soil with various transparent materials. Through continuous research, transparent soil is prepared.
The transparent soil is composed of solid-phase transparent granular materials and liquid-phase transparent pore fluid, and is divided into transparent sand soil and transparent clay according to the type of the simulated natural soil body. The transparent soil is combined with the PIV digital image technology, and a displacement field and a seepage field of any section in the soil body can be obtained, so that the transparent soil is widely applied to geotechnical engineering model tests.
Real-world engineering often encounters complex layered clay problems. However, the transparent clay model test in the prior art has no layered transparent clay model. The traditional single-layer soil model cannot simulate the mechanical effect of stratified soil, so that a preparation method of stratified transparent clay is urgently needed to solve the requirement of complex working conditions in actual engineering. Based on the above statement, the invention provides a preparation method of layered transparent clay.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that a layered transparent clay model is not available in a transparent soil model test in the prior art, and a traditional single-layer soil model cannot simulate the mechanical effect of layered soil, and provides a preparation method of layered transparent clay.
A preparation method of layered transparent clay comprises the following steps of preparing test materials of Laponite RD, sodium pyrophosphate, deionized water and tracer particles; the test equipment used comprises: the device comprises a stirrer, a vacuum pump, a vacuum defoaming barrel, a transparent test model box, a plurality of special sample boxes and a plurality of push plates; the inner diameter of the special sample box is the same as that of the test model box in size, and a bottom plate of the special sample box is fixed and detachable by screws; the size of the push plate is the same as the inner diameter of the sample box; the preparation method of the layered transparent clay specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the material proportion and the use amount:
the method comprises the steps of preparing transparent clay by using the Laponite RD, determining the concentration of the Laponite RD in each layer of transparent clay and the thickness of each layer of transparent clay before preparing the transparent clay, and respectively calculating the dosage of the Laponite RD, sodium pyrophosphate, deionized water and tracer particles, wherein the Laponite RD and the deionized water are main materials for preparing the transparent clay; the sodium pyrophosphate mainly plays a role in retarding, delays the gelation process of the Laponite RD, and increases the concentration of the Laponite RD in the deionized water, so that more Laponite RD can be dissolved in the deionized water; adding trace particles to form a speckle field, so that the later PIV test analysis is facilitated;
s2, preparing single-layer transparent clay:
selecting special sample boxes with the same quantity according to the number of layers of the designed layered transparent clay, wherein a bottom plate of each sample box is connected with a side plate through a screw, and the bottom plate is detachable;
numbering the sample boxes, preparing single-layer transparent clay in each sample box, fixing a bottom plate of each sample box by using screws before preparation, adding deionized water after the sample boxes are detected to be impermeable, adding sodium pyrophosphate while stirring, adding Laponite RD after the sodium pyrophosphate is completely dissolved, adding tracer particles after the Laponite RD is completely dissolved by fully stirring, uniformly stirring, performing vacuum exhaust treatment on the prepared Laponite RD transparent soil, removing bubbles in the Laponite RD transparent soil, and ensuring the transparency of the Laponite RD transparent soil;
s3, assembling layered transparent clay:
and when the Laponite RD transparent soil is hardened, screwing down a bottom plate screw, dismantling the bottom plate, sequencing the layers according to the designed layered transparent clay, pushing the Laponite RD transparent soil in each sample box into a test model box with the same section as the sample box one by utilizing a push plate with the same inner diameter as the sample box, keeping the stable and slow speed in the pushing process so as to avoid damaging the integrity of the Laponite RD transparent soil, loading the Laponite RD transparent soil into the test model box, and standing to finish the assembly of the layered transparent clay.
Preferably, the water in the step S1 is deionized water, and other water contains a large amount of ions, which may affect the setting time and early strength of Laponite RD transparent soil.
Preferably, the Laponite RD mass in the step S1 is m1Mass of deionized water is m2Laponite RD concentration C1The% calculation method is as follows:
preferably, the Laponite RD concentration C in the step S11The% range is preferably 4% to 15%.
Preferably, said stepThe mass of the sodium pyrophosphate in S1 is m3Sodium pyrophosphate concentration C2The% calculation method is as follows:
preferably, the Laponite RD concentration C in the step S11% and sodium pyrophosphate concentration C2% of the relationship: c2＝0.002C1 3-0.0234C1 2+0.1096C1-0.1433。
Preferably, in the step S1, the trace particles may be carbon nanotubes, and the mass of the trace particles is about 1 ‰ of that of the mass of the formulated transparent soil.
Preferably, the degree of vacuum of the vacuum degassing treatment in the step S2 is-0.08 Mpa, so as to remove gas from the sample and improve transparency.
Preferably, the hardening time of the Laponite RD clear soil in the step S3 is 7-28 days to ensure that the strength of the clear soil meets the design requirements.
Preferably, the standing time in step S3 is 8-12 hours to ensure the contact surfaces of the layers are in sufficient contact, so as to make the layered transparent clay more integral.
The preparation method of the layered transparent clay provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the preparation method of the layered transparent clay provided by the invention solves the problem that no layered transparent clay model is available in the transparent clay model test in the prior art, the preparation method and the formula for preparing the layered transparent clay are provided, the transparent clays with different strengths prepared by the preparation method and the formula can be stacked in any order, and the complex layered transparent clay test model can be effectively constructed while ensuring good transparency.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of a special sample box in the method for preparing layered transparent clay according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of a special sample box in the method for preparing layered transparent clay according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a left side view of a special sample box in the method for preparing layered transparent clay according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-a sample box side plate, 2-a sample box bottom plate and 3-a screw; the spacing or dimensions between the various components are exaggerated in the figures to show their location, and the illustrations are for illustrative purposes only.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples.
Example 1
In this embodiment, the double-layer soil is prepared, the inner diameter of the transparent test model box for preparing the layered transparent clay model is 100mm × 100mm × 100mm, and because of the preparation of the double-layer soil, 2 sample boxes are required, the inner diameter of each sample box is 100mm × 100mm × 100mm, the size of the push plate is 100mm × 100mm, and the preparation of the layered transparent clay model comprises the following steps:
in the embodiment, the Laponite RD concentration of the bottom layer transparent soil is 7%, the mass of the deionized water is 500.00g, and the calculated Laponite RD mass required for preparing the bottom layer transparent soil is 37.63g, the mass of the sodium pyrophosphate is 0.82g, and the mass of the carbon nano tube is 0.54 g; the Laponite RD mass of the upper layer transparent soil is calculated to be 12.50g, the sodium pyrophosphate mass is 0.15g, and the carbon nano tube mass is 0.31g, wherein the Laponite RD concentration of the upper layer transparent soil is 4%, and the deionized water mass is 300.00 g.
The preparation method of the bottom layer transparent soil is the same as that of the upper layer transparent soil, firstly, a bottom plate of a sample box is fixed by screws, the water permeability of the sample box is tested, the preparation is started after the test sample box is impermeable, firstly, weighed deionized water is added into the sample box, sodium pyrophosphate is weighed, the deionized water is added into the sample box while stirring, Laponite RD is weighed, the sample box is added into the sample box after the sodium pyrophosphate is completely dissolved, the mixture is fully stirred, the carbon nano tubes are weighed after the Laponite RD is completely dissolved, the carbon nano tubes are added into the prepared transparent soil, the mixture is fully stirred to be uniformly mixed, finally, the sample box is placed in a vacuum device for vacuum exhaust treatment, and when the gas in the transparent soil is evacuated, the preparation of the transparent soil is completed.
When the Laponite RD transparent soil is hardened, screws of two sample box bottom plates are unscrewed, the bottom plates are removed, firstly, the bottom layer transparent soil is pushed out of the sample boxes stably and slowly and pushed into a test model box by utilizing a push plate, then, the upper layer transparent soil is pushed out of the sample boxes and pushed into the test model box, the contact surfaces of the two layers of transparent soil are ensured to be in full contact, standing is carried out for 12 hours, and the assembly of the double layers of transparent clay is completed.
Example 2
In this embodiment, three layers of soil are prepared, the inner diameter size of a transparent test model box for preparing the layered transparent clay model is 150mm × 150mm × 150mm, 3 sample boxes are required for preparing the three layers of soil, the inner diameter sizes of the sample boxes are 150mm × 150mm × 150mm, the size of a push plate is 150mm × 150mm, and the preparation of the layered transparent clay model comprises the following steps:
(1) in the embodiment, the Laponite RD concentration of the bottom layer transparent soil is 4%, the mass of the deionized water is 900.00g, and the calculated Laponite RD mass required for preparing the bottom layer transparent soil is 37.50g, the mass of the sodium pyrophosphate is 0.44g, and the mass of the carbon nano tube is 0.94 g; the Laponite RD mass required for preparing the middle layer transparent soil is calculated to be 67.74g, the sodium pyrophosphate mass is 1.47g and the carbon nano tube mass is 0.97g, wherein the Laponite RD concentration of the middle layer transparent soil is 7% and the deionized water mass is 900.00 g; the Laponite RD mass of the upper layer transparent soil is calculated to be 100.00g, the sodium pyrophosphate mass is 5.51g, and the carbon nano tube mass is 1.00g, wherein the Laponite RD concentration of the upper layer transparent soil is 10%, and the deionized water mass is 900.00 g.
(2) The preparation method of the three layers of transparent soil is the same, firstly, a bottom plate of a sample box is fixed by screws, the water permeability of the sample box is tested, the preparation is started after the test sample box is not permeable, firstly, weighed deionized water is added into the sample box, sodium pyrophosphate is weighed, the deionized water is added into the deionized water while stirring, Laponite RD is weighed, the sample box is added into the sample box after the sodium pyrophosphate is completely dissolved, the mixture is fully stirred, the carbon nano tubes are weighed after the Laponite RD is completely dissolved, the carbon nano tubes are added into the prepared transparent soil and fully stirred to be uniformly mixed, finally, the sample box is placed into a vacuum device for vacuum exhaust treatment, and when the gas in the transparent soil is emptied, the preparation of the transparent soil is completed.
(3) When the Laponite RD transparent soil is hardened, screws of the bottom plates of the three sample boxes are unscrewed, the bottom plates are removed, the bottom layer transparent soil is firstly pushed out of the sample boxes stably and slowly by using the push plates and pushed into the test model boxes, then the middle layer transparent soil and the upper layer transparent soil are pushed out of the sample boxes and pushed into the test model boxes according to the same operation, the contact surfaces of the three layers of transparent soil are fully contacted, and standing is carried out for 12 hours, so that the assembly of the three layers of transparent clay is completed.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The preparation method of the layered transparent clay is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, determining the material proportion and the use amount:
determining the concentration of the Laponite RD in each layer of transparent soil and the thickness of each layer of transparent soil before preparing the transparent clay, and respectively calculating the dosage of the Laponite RD, sodium pyrophosphate, deionized water and tracer particles;
s2, preparing single-layer transparent clay:
selecting special sample boxes with the same quantity according to the number of layers of the designed layered transparent clay, wherein a bottom plate of each sample box is connected with a side plate through a screw, and the bottom plate is detachable;
numbering the sample boxes, preparing single-layer transparent clay in each sample box, fixing a bottom plate of each sample box by using screws before preparation, adding deionized water after the sample boxes are detected to be impermeable, adding sodium pyrophosphate while stirring, adding Laponite RD after the sodium pyrophosphate is completely dissolved, adding tracer particles after the Laponite RD is completely dissolved by fully stirring, uniformly stirring, performing vacuum exhaust treatment on the prepared Laponite RD transparent soil, removing bubbles in the Laponite RD transparent soil, and ensuring the transparency of the Laponite RD transparent soil;
s3, assembling layered transparent clay:
and when the Laponite RD transparent soil is hardened, screwing down a bottom plate screw, dismantling the bottom plate, sequencing the layers according to the designed layered transparent clay, pushing the Laponite RD transparent soil in each sample box into a test model box with the same section as the sample box one by utilizing a push plate with the same inner diameter as the sample box, keeping the stable and slow speed in the pushing process so as to avoid damaging the integrity of the Laponite RD transparent soil, loading the Laponite RD transparent soil into the test model box, and standing to finish the assembly of the layered transparent clay.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Laponite RD mass in step S1 is m1Mass of deionized water is m2Laponite RD concentration C1The% calculation method is as follows:
3. the method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Laponite RD concentration C in step S1 is greater than or equal to the Laponite RD concentration C1The% range is preferably 4% to 15%.
4. The method for preparing layered transparent clay according to claim 1, wherein the mass of sodium pyrophosphate in step S1 is m3Sodium pyrophosphate concentration C2The% calculation method is as follows:
5. the method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Laponite RD concentration C in step S1 is greater than or equal to the Laponite RD concentration C1% and sodium pyrophosphate concentration C2% of the relationship: c2＝0.002C1 3-0.0234C1 2+0.1096C1-0.1433。
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tracer particles in step S1 are carbon nanotubes, and the mass of the tracer particles is about 1 ‰ of the mass of the formulated transparent clay.
7. The method for preparing layered transparent clay as claimed in claim 1, wherein the degree of vacuum of the vacuum degassing process in step S2 is-0.08 Mpa.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hardening time of Laponite RD transparent clay in step S3 is 7-28 days, mainly related to the soil strength required.
9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the standing time in step S3 is 8-12 hours.
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| CN115326806A (en) * | 2022-10-17 | 2022-11-11 | 湖南大学 | Tracer clay development method based on digital image correlation |
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Application publication date: 20210824 |