CN113290244A - Preparation method of impact-resistant self-recovery bionic composite material - Google Patents
Preparation method of impact-resistant self-recovery bionic composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN113290244A CN113290244A CN202110623457.8A CN202110623457A CN113290244A CN 113290244 A CN113290244 A CN 113290244A CN 202110623457 A CN202110623457 A CN 202110623457A CN 113290244 A CN113290244 A CN 113290244A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
- B22F3/1121—Making porous workpieces or articles by using decomposable, meltable or sublimatable fillers
- B22F3/1125—Making porous workpieces or articles by using decomposable, meltable or sublimatable fillers involving a foaming process
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of an impact-resistant self-recovery bionic composite material, which relates to the technical field of composite materials, wherein a memory alloy NiTi bionic structure is adopted as a composite material substrate, the NiTi shape memory alloy has high elasticity and shape memory effect, can enhance the impact-resistant energy-absorbing effect of a composite interlayer material, integrates the excellent functional characteristics of the bionic structure, can replace the shape characteristics of a bionic substrate model according to requirements, and uses the NiTi shape memory alloy, so that the structure can recover the original shape of the structure under the control of an intelligent temperature control system after the structure is subjected to overlarge impact energy and generates plastic deformation, and is favorable for subsequent recovery and utilization of the structure; the foamed aluminum and the basalt fiber are mixed to prepare the carbon fiber interlayer-NiTi bionic structure-basalt foamed aluminum composite material interlayer plate, so that the overall quality is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of composite materials, in particular to a preparation method of an impact-resistant self-recovery bionic composite material.
Background
Along with the rapid development of scientific technology, people have higher and higher requirements on material performance, and hope to reduce the quality of materials and reduce the use of the materials under the condition of ensuring that the properties such as strength, hardness and the like of the materials meet the requirements, so that the aim of saving cost is achieved; however, when the existing transportation equipment such as automobiles and ships encounters accidents such as collision, the section bar is seriously damaged and is difficult to recover for secondary utilization, the impact resistance is insufficient, the buffering effect is poor, wounds which are difficult to repair are caused, the use hidden danger exists, and the safety risk is high.
The foamed aluminum is a novel porous low-density foamed metal material, has special and excellent mechanical properties due to the special structure, is light, and has the advantages of noise reduction and strong impact resistance.
Fibrous materials refer to substances consisting of continuous or discontinuous filaments, which are commonly used to make composite materials. The fiber material has the advantages of high toughness, high strength and high rigidity, and can be effectively complemented with other materials as a reinforcement to achieve the optimal effect; the natural fiber represented by the basalt fiber has extremely excellent tensile strength and compression toughness, is obtained from nature, and has the unique advantages of low price and environmental protection.
The composite material is defined as a new material formed by optimally proportioning and combining materials with different properties by utilizing the prior art; the composite material can be divided into a matrix and a reinforcement, the strength of the reinforcement is stronger than that of the matrix, the effect of increasing the strength is mainly achieved, the mass price of the matrix is lower than that of the reinforcement, and the effect of combining and toughening is mainly achieved.
In combination with the problems of insufficient shock resistance of the material, difficulty in recovering the original shape after bearing high-speed impact and poor material recycling rate in the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of the shock-resistant self-recovery bionic composite material, thereby solving the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of an impact-resistant self-recovery bionic composite material, which has the advantages of better tensile resistance, impact resistance, corrosion resistance, fatigue fracture resistance, memory recovery performance, simple operation, easy realization and wide application.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses a preparation method of an impact-resistant self-recovery bionic composite material, which comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing a bionic model
With Ni50.8Ti49.23D printing bionic model with powder as printing material；
Step two,
2a) Preparation of aluminum-basalt composite powder
Uniformly mixing aluminum powder and basalt fiber powder according to the mass ratio of 5:1, ball-milling, cleaning and drying to obtain aluminum-basalt composite powder particles;
2b) preparation of composite envelope foaming agent
Heating the nickel sulfate solution to 80 ℃, adding foaming agent powder and continuously stirring, carrying out chemical plating when stirring until the pH value ranges from 6 to 8, and drying at the temperature of 100-120 ℃ to obtain the composite enveloping foaming agent;
the foaming agent powder is TiH2Powder or ZrH2Or CaCO3；
2c) Preparation of Mixed powder
Uniformly stirring and mixing aluminum-basalt composite powder particles and a composite enveloping foaming agent in a mass ratio of 100:1 to obtain mixed powder;
step three, preparing the basalt foamed aluminum composite material with the NiTi bionic structure
Placing the bionic model into the middle position of the bottom of a mold for gluing and fixing, adding mixed powder into the mold, pressurizing and compacting, heating to the temperature 20-50 ℃ higher than the melting point temperature of the mixed powder, preserving heat until the mixed powder forms viscous slurry and reacts to generate gas, and obtaining the NiTi bionic structure-basalt foamed aluminum composite material;
step four, preparing the carbon fiber laminate
Making carbon fiber laminate with the angle of the laminate of (-45) - (+/-0) and (90);
step five, preparing the carbon fiber interlayer-NiTi bionic structure-basalt foamed aluminum composite material
And after polishing, cleaning and drying the upper surface and the lower surface of the NiTi bionic structure-basalt foamed aluminum composite material, respectively sticking and fixing two carbon fiber laminates on the upper surface and the lower surface of the NiTi bionic structure-basalt foamed aluminum composite material to obtain the carbon fiber interlayer-NiTi bionic structure-basalt foamed aluminum composite material.
Further, said Ni50.8Ti49.2The particle size of the powder is 15-53 μm;
the 3D printing adopts laser cladding 3D printing.
Further, the ball mill in the step 2a) uses a high-energy ball mill, and the cleaning agent used for cleaning is alcohol.
Further, in the step 2b), the drying process is as follows: placing the mixture in an incubator for drying for 4 hours;
in the step 2b), the additive for adjusting the pH value is ammonia water.
Further, the heat preservation time of the third step is 10 min.
Further, in the third step, the average diameter of the pore diameter generated by the NiTi bionic structure-basalt foamed aluminum composite material is 3 mm.
Further, the fourth step includes:
coating a release agent on the template of the placing table, placing the carbon fiber cloth on the mold according to the layer laying mode of the step four, and sequentially laying a flow guide cloth and a release cloth;
pasting a circle of adhesive tape at a position 2cm away from the periphery of the carbon fiber cloth, clamping the flow guide pipe, and forming a vacuum state in the sealing bag by using a vacuum pump;
uniformly mixing carbon fiber cloth, a curing agent and an accelerator according to a mass ratio of 100:1.5:1 to form a mixing agent;
injecting the mixture into a mold, curing at normal temperature and demolding;
and step four, adopting a vacuum auxiliary forming process.
Further, the adhesive used for adhering and fixing in the fifth step is modified acrylate;
the process of pasting and fixing in the step five is as follows:
uniformly coating the glue on the upper and lower surfaces of the NiTi bionic structure-basalt foamed aluminum composite material;
and (3) placing two carbon fiber laminate plates on the upper surface glue and the lower surface glue, pressing for 20 minutes, and solidifying for 24 hours at normal temperature to obtain the carbon fiber interlayer-NiTi bionic structure-basalt foamed aluminum composite material.
In the technical scheme, the preparation method of the impact-resistant self-recovery bionic composite material provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, through the compound cooperation of various material properties, the novel composite material can bear larger impact force in the impact resistant process, and the composite sandwich layer has the characteristic of strong fiber toughness after being manufactured, is not easy to fatigue and damage, and is beneficial to repeated use so as to ensure the stability of the material;
2. the invention adopts a memory alloy NiTi bionic structure as a composite material matrix, the NiTi shape memory alloy has high elasticity and shape memory effect, the impact resistance and energy absorption effect of the composite interlayer material can be enhanced, the excellent functional characteristics of the bionic structure are integrated, and the shape characteristics of a bionic matrix model can be changed according to requirements, such as: honeycomb bionic structure: the shock resistance is strong; the model of imitating the abdomen of the Pandalus crayfish and the Ji pockmark: the energy absorption effect is good;
3. the use of the NiTi shape memory alloy ensures that the structure can recover the original appearance of the structure under the control of the intelligent temperature control system when the structure is subjected to overlarge impact energy and generates plastic deformation, thereby being beneficial to the subsequent recycling of the structure;
4. according to the invention, the foamed aluminum and the basalt fiber are mixed to prepare the carbon fiber interlayer-NiTi bionic structure-basalt foamed aluminum composite material interlayer plate, so that the overall quality is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art according to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the NiTi bionic structure-basalt foamed aluminum composite material manufacturing process in the preparation method of the impact-resistant self-recovery bionic composite material provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a laser cladding printing bionic model in a preparation method of the shock-resistant self-recovery bionic composite material provided by the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a crayfish bionic model in a method for preparing an impact-resistant self-recovery bionic composite material provided by the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a chiral biomimetic model in a method for preparing an impact-resistant self-healing biomimetic composite according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an imitation Ji pockmark ventral honeycomb bionic model in the preparation method of the impact-resistant self-recovery bionic composite material provided by the invention;
FIG. 6 is a powder metallurgy forming diagram in the preparation method of the impact-resistant self-recovery bionic composite material provided by the invention;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of the enveloping powder of the foaming agent in the method for preparing the impact-resistant self-healing biomimetic composite provided by the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of a carbon fiber sandwich-NiTi biomimetic structure-basalt foamed aluminum composite material in a method for preparing an impact-resistant self-recovery biomimetic composite material provided by the present invention;
fig. 9 is an enlarged structural view of 6 layers of carbon fiber plates in the preparation method of the impact-resistant self-recovery bionic composite material provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, those skilled in the art will now describe the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
See fig. 1-9;
the invention discloses a preparation method of an impact-resistant self-recovery bionic composite material, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing a bionic model
With Ni50.8Ti49.2The powder is a printing material 3D printing bionic model;
step two,
2a) Preparation of aluminum-basalt composite powder
Uniformly mixing aluminum powder and basalt fiber powder according to the mass ratio of 5:1, ball-milling, cleaning and drying to obtain aluminum-basalt composite powder particles;
2b) preparation of composite envelope foaming agent
Heating the nickel sulfate solution to 80 ℃, adding foaming agent powder and continuously stirring, carrying out chemical plating when stirring until the pH value ranges from 6 to 8, and drying at the temperature of 100-120 ℃ to obtain the composite enveloping foaming agent;
the foaming agent powder is TiH2Powder or ZrH2Or CaCO3；
2c) Preparation of Mixed powder
Uniformly stirring and mixing aluminum-basalt composite powder particles and a composite enveloping foaming agent in a mass ratio of 100:1 to obtain mixed powder;
step three, preparing the basalt foamed aluminum composite material with the NiTi bionic structure
Placing the bionic model into the middle position of the bottom of a mold for gluing and fixing, adding mixed powder into the mold, pressurizing and compacting, heating to the temperature 20-50 ℃ higher than the melting point temperature of the mixed powder, preserving heat until the mixed powder forms viscous slurry and reacts to generate gas, and obtaining the NiTi bionic structure-basalt foamed aluminum composite material;
step four, preparing the carbon fiber laminate
Making carbon fiber laminate with the angle of the laminate of (-45) - (+/-0) and (90);
step five, preparing the carbon fiber interlayer-NiTi bionic structure-basalt foamed aluminum composite material
And after polishing, cleaning and drying the upper surface and the lower surface of the NiTi bionic structure-basalt foamed aluminum composite material, respectively sticking and fixing two carbon fiber laminates on the upper surface and the lower surface of the NiTi bionic structure-basalt foamed aluminum composite material to obtain the carbon fiber interlayer-NiTi bionic structure-basalt foamed aluminum composite material.
Ni50.8Ti49.2The particle size of the powder is 15-53 μm;
the 3D printing adopts laser cladding 3D printing.
The equipment used for ball milling in the step 2a) is a high-energy ball mill, and the cleaning agent adopted for cleaning is alcohol.
In step 2b), the drying process comprises: placing the mixture in an incubator for drying for 4 hours;
in step 2b), the additive for adjusting the pH value is ammonia water.
And the heat preservation time of the step three is 10 min.
In the third step, the average diameter of the pore diameter generated by the NiTi bionic structure-basalt foamed aluminum composite material is 3 mm.
The fourth step comprises the following steps:
coating a release agent on the template of the placing table, placing the carbon fiber cloth on the mold according to the layer laying mode of the step four, and sequentially laying a flow guide cloth and a release cloth;
pasting a circle of adhesive tape at a position 2cm away from the periphery of the carbon fiber cloth, clamping the flow guide pipe, and forming a vacuum state in the sealing bag by using a vacuum pump;
uniformly mixing carbon fiber cloth, a curing agent and an accelerator according to a mass ratio of 100:1.5:1 to form a mixing agent;
injecting the mixture into a mold, curing at normal temperature and demolding;
and step four, adopting a vacuum auxiliary forming process.
The adhesive used for adhering and fixing in the step five is modified acrylate;
the process of pasting and fixing in the step five is as follows:
uniformly coating the glue on the upper and lower surfaces of the NiTi bionic structure-basalt foamed aluminum composite material;
and (3) placing two carbon fiber laminate plates on the upper surface glue and the lower surface glue, pressing for 20 minutes, and solidifying for 24 hours at normal temperature to obtain the carbon fiber interlayer-NiTi bionic structure-basalt foamed aluminum composite material.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the printing parameters of the printer device are as follows:
3D printing of the bionic model: the BLT-S210 printer performs Ni treatment on NiTi powder with the particle size of 15-53 μm50.8Ti49.2Model laserPrinting and manufacturing a chiral bionic model by optical cladding, and putting the model into a mold to be glued and fixed to the middle position of the bottom of the mold;
preparing aluminum-basalt composite powder: mixing aluminum powder and basalt fiber powder at a mixing mass ratio of 5:1, and performing ball milling and mixing on the mixed powder by using a high-energy ball mill to form composite aluminum cladding powder particles;
then cleaning the powder particles by using alcohol, and drying to obtain aluminum-basalt composite powder particles;
preparing a composite envelope foaming agent: in order to improve the quality of foam molding, in nickel sulfate solution (NiSO)4·6H20) Heating to 80 ℃, pouring foaming agent TiH2 powder into the solution, continuously stirring, continuously adding ammonia water to adjust the pH value to 6-8 in the process, placing the solution in an incubator at 100 ℃ after chemical plating, and drying for 4 hours to obtain a composite envelope foaming agent, wherein the forming mass of the foaming agent is 85.36%;
preparing a NiTi bionic structure-basalt foamed aluminum composite material: adding a composite enveloping foaming agent TiH into the composite powder particles according to the mass ratio of 100:12Powder, stirring the powder by a stirrer to fully mix the powder;
pouring the mixed powder into a die adhered with a bionic model, pressurizing and compacting, heating to a temperature 20 ℃ higher than the melting point of the powder, and preserving heat for 10 minutes until the slurry becomes viscous to react to generate gas, thereby obtaining the NiTi bionic structure-basalt foamed aluminum composite material, wherein the generated average pore diameter is 3.28 mm;
preparing a carbon fiber laminate: the carbon fiber laminate is manufactured by using a vacuum auxiliary forming process and is layered, and 6 layers are paved in a 90-degree, 0-degree and +/-45-degree layering mode in order to avoid warping and improve the shock resistance;
coating a release agent on a placing table template, placing carbon fiber cloth with a proper size on a mold according to a layering mode, sequentially laying a flow guide cloth and a release cloth, sticking a circle of adhesive tape at a position 2cm away from the periphery of the carbon fiber cloth, tightly clamping a flow guide pipe by using a clamp, and opening a vacuum pump to change the interior of a sealing bag into a vacuum state, so that the permeability of the carbon fiber is improved, and the sealing bag is more compact;
uniformly mixing the carbon fiber cloth, the curing agent and the accelerator according to the ratio of 100:1.5:1, injecting into a mold, curing at normal temperature and demolding;
preparing a carbon fiber interlayer-NiTi bionic structure-basalt foamed aluminum composite material: polishing, cleaning and drying the upper surface and the lower surface of the prepared NiTi bionic structure-basalt foamed aluminum composite material, uniformly coating modified acrylate glue on the bonding surface (the upper surface and the lower surface of the composite material), bonding the carbon fiber panel and the NiTi bionic structure-basalt foamed aluminum sandwich material by using the modified acrylate glue, forcibly pressing for 20 minutes during bonding, and solidifying for 24 hours at normal temperature to obtain the carbon fiber sandwich-NiTi bionic structure-basalt foamed aluminum composite material.
Example two:
the printing parameters of the printer device are the same as those of the first embodiment:
3D printing of the bionic model: the BLT-S210 printer performs Ni treatment on NiTi powder with the particle size of 15-53 μm50.8Ti49.2The method comprises the following steps of (1) printing and manufacturing a crayfish bionic model by model laser cladding, and placing the model into a mold to be glued and fixed to the middle position of the bottom of the mold;
preparing aluminum-basalt composite powder: mixing aluminum powder and basalt fiber powder at a mixing mass ratio of 5:1, and performing ball milling and mixing on the mixed powder by using a high-energy ball mill to form composite aluminum cladding powder particles;
then cleaning the powder particles by using alcohol, and drying to obtain aluminum-basalt composite powder particles;
preparing a composite envelope foaming agent: in order to improve the quality of foam molding, in nickel sulfate solution (NiSO)4·6H20) Heating to 80 ℃, pouring foaming agent TiH2 powder into the solution, continuously stirring, continuously adding ammonia water to adjust the pH value to 6-8 in the process, placing the solution in an incubator at 110 ℃ after chemical plating, and drying for 4 hours to obtain the composite envelope foaming agent, wherein the forming quality of the foaming agent is 89.32%;
preparing a NiTi bionic structure-basalt foamed aluminum composite material: adding a composite enveloping foaming agent TiH into the composite powder particles according to the mass ratio of 100:12Powder, stirring the powder by a stirrer to fully mix the powder;
pouring the mixed powder into a die adhered with a bionic model, pressurizing and compacting, heating to the temperature 35 ℃ higher than the melting point of the powder, and preserving the temperature for 10 minutes until the slurry becomes viscous to react to generate gas, thereby obtaining the NiTi bionic structure-basalt foamed aluminum composite material with the average pore diameter of 3.05 mm;
preparing a carbon fiber laminate: the carbon fiber laminate is manufactured by using a vacuum auxiliary forming process and is layered, and 6 layers are paved in a 90-degree, 0-degree and +/-45-degree layering mode in order to avoid warping and improve the shock resistance;
coating a release agent on a placing table template, placing carbon fiber cloth with a proper size on a mold according to a layering mode, sequentially laying a flow guide cloth and a release cloth, sticking a circle of adhesive tape at a position 2cm away from the periphery of the carbon fiber cloth, tightly clamping a flow guide pipe by using a clamp, and opening a vacuum pump to change the interior of a sealing bag into a vacuum state, so that the permeability of the carbon fiber is improved, and the sealing bag is more compact;
uniformly mixing the carbon fiber cloth, the curing agent and the accelerator according to the ratio of 100:1.5:1, injecting into a mold, curing at normal temperature and demolding;
preparing a carbon fiber interlayer-NiTi bionic structure-basalt foamed aluminum composite material: polishing, cleaning and drying the upper surface and the lower surface of the prepared NiTi bionic structure-basalt foamed aluminum composite material, uniformly coating modified acrylate glue on the bonding surface (the upper surface and the lower surface of the composite material), bonding the carbon fiber panel and the NiTi bionic structure-basalt foamed aluminum sandwich material by using the modified acrylate glue, forcibly pressing for 20 minutes during bonding, and solidifying for 24 hours at normal temperature to obtain the carbon fiber sandwich-NiTi bionic structure-basalt foamed aluminum composite material.
Example three:
the printing parameters of the printer device are the same as those of the first embodiment:
3D printing of the bionic model: the BLT-S210 printer performs Ni treatment on NiTi powder with the particle size of 15-53 μm50.8Ti49.2The method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out laser cladding printing on a model to manufacture an imitation Ji pockmark abdominal honeycomb bionic model, and putting the model into a mold to be fixed to the middle position of the bottom of the mold in an adhering manner;
preparing aluminum-basalt composite powder: mixing aluminum powder and basalt fiber powder at a mixing mass ratio of 5:1, and performing ball milling and mixing on the mixed powder by using a high-energy ball mill to form composite aluminum cladding powder particles;
then cleaning the powder particles by using alcohol, and drying to obtain aluminum-basalt composite powder particles;
preparing a composite envelope foaming agent: in order to improve the quality of foam molding, in nickel sulfate solution (NiSO)4·6H20) Heating to 80 ℃, pouring foaming agent TiH2 powder into the solution, continuously stirring, continuously adding ammonia water to adjust the pH value to 6-8 in the process, placing the solution in an incubator at 120 ℃ after chemical plating, and drying for 4 hours to obtain a composite envelope foaming agent, wherein the forming mass of the foaming agent is 84.97%;
preparing a NiTi bionic structure-basalt foamed aluminum composite material: adding a composite enveloping foaming agent TiH into the composite powder particles according to the mass ratio of 100:12Powder, stirring the powder by a stirrer to fully mix the powder;
pouring the mixed powder into a die adhered with a bionic model, pressurizing and compacting, heating to 50 ℃ higher than the melting point temperature of the powder, and preserving heat for 10 minutes until slurry becomes viscous to react to generate gas, thereby obtaining the NiTi bionic structure-basalt foamed aluminum composite material, wherein the generated average pore diameter is 2.86 mm;
preparing a carbon fiber laminate: the carbon fiber laminate is manufactured by using a vacuum auxiliary forming process and is layered, and 6 layers are paved in a 90-degree, 0-degree and +/-45-degree layering mode in order to avoid warping and improve the shock resistance;
coating a release agent on a placing table template, placing carbon fiber cloth with a proper size on a mold according to a layering mode, sequentially laying a flow guide cloth and a release cloth, sticking a circle of adhesive tape at a position 2cm away from the periphery of the carbon fiber cloth, tightly clamping a flow guide pipe by using a clamp, and opening a vacuum pump to change the interior of a sealing bag into a vacuum state, so that the permeability of the carbon fiber is improved, and the sealing bag is more compact;
uniformly mixing the carbon fiber cloth, the curing agent and the accelerator according to the ratio of 100:1.5:1, injecting into a mold, curing at normal temperature and demolding;
preparing a carbon fiber interlayer-NiTi bionic structure-basalt foamed aluminum composite material: polishing, cleaning and drying the upper surface and the lower surface of the prepared NiTi bionic structure-basalt foamed aluminum composite material, uniformly coating modified acrylate glue on the bonding surface (the upper surface and the lower surface of the composite material), bonding the carbon fiber panel and the NiTi bionic structure-basalt foamed aluminum sandwich material by using the modified acrylate glue, forcibly pressing for 20 minutes during bonding, and solidifying for 24 hours at normal temperature to obtain the carbon fiber sandwich-NiTi bionic structure-basalt foamed aluminum composite material.
Unless otherwise indicated, any technical aspect disclosed herein, if a range of values is disclosed, then the range of values disclosed are preferred ranges of values, and any person skilled in the art will understand that: the preferred ranges are merely those values which are obvious or representative of the technical effect which can be achieved. Since the present invention has been described in terms of exemplary embodiments only, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but may be embodied in various forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the impact-resistant self-recovery bionic composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, preparing a bionic model
With Ni50.8Ti49.2The powder is a printing material 3D printing bionic model;
step two,
2a) Preparation of aluminum-basalt composite powder
Uniformly mixing aluminum powder and basalt fiber powder according to the mass ratio of 5:1, ball-milling, cleaning and drying to obtain aluminum-basalt composite powder particles;
2b) preparation of composite envelope foaming agent
Heating the nickel sulfate solution to 80 ℃, adding foaming agent powder and continuously stirring, carrying out chemical plating when stirring until the pH value ranges from 6 to 8, and drying at the temperature of 100-120 ℃ to obtain the composite enveloping foaming agent;
the foaming agent powder is TiH2Powder or ZrH2Or CaCO3；
2c) Preparation of Mixed powder
Uniformly stirring and mixing aluminum-basalt composite powder particles and a composite enveloping foaming agent in a mass ratio of 100:1 to obtain mixed powder;
step three, preparing the basalt foamed aluminum composite material with the NiTi bionic structure
Placing the bionic model into the middle position of the bottom of a mold for gluing and fixing, adding mixed powder into the mold, pressurizing and compacting, heating to the temperature 20-50 ℃ higher than the melting point temperature of the mixed powder, preserving heat until the mixed powder forms viscous slurry and reacts to generate gas, and obtaining the NiTi bionic structure-basalt foamed aluminum composite material;
step four, preparing the carbon fiber laminate
Making carbon fiber laminate with the angle of the laminate of (-45) - (+/-0) and (90);
step five, preparing the carbon fiber interlayer-NiTi bionic structure-basalt foamed aluminum composite material
And after polishing, cleaning and drying the upper surface and the lower surface of the NiTi bionic structure-basalt foamed aluminum composite material, respectively sticking and fixing two carbon fiber laminates on the upper surface and the lower surface of the NiTi bionic structure-basalt foamed aluminum composite material to obtain the carbon fiber interlayer-NiTi bionic structure-basalt foamed aluminum composite material.
2. The method for preparing an impact-resistant self-recovery bionic composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
the Ni50.8Ti49.2The particle size of the powder is 15-53 μm;
the 3D printing adopts laser cladding 3D printing.
3. The method for preparing an impact-resistant self-recovery bionic composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
the equipment used for ball milling in the step 2a) is a high-energy ball mill, and the cleaning agent adopted for cleaning is alcohol.
4. The method for preparing an impact-resistant self-recovery bionic composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
in the step 2b), the drying process comprises the following steps: placing the mixture in an incubator for drying for 4 hours;
in the step 2b), the additive for adjusting the pH value is ammonia water.
5. The method for preparing an impact-resistant self-recovery bionic composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
and the heat preservation time of the step three is 10 min.
6. The method for preparing an impact-resistant self-recovery bionic composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
in the third step, the average diameter of the pore diameter generated by the NiTi bionic structure-basalt foamed aluminum composite material is 3 mm.
7. The method for preparing an impact-resistant self-healing biomimetic composite according to claim 1, wherein the step four comprises:
coating a release agent on the template of the placing table, placing the carbon fiber cloth on the mold according to the layer laying mode of the step four, and sequentially laying a flow guide cloth and a release cloth;
pasting a circle of adhesive tape at a position 2cm away from the periphery of the carbon fiber cloth, clamping the flow guide pipe, and forming a vacuum state in the sealing bag by using a vacuum pump;
uniformly mixing carbon fiber cloth, a curing agent and an accelerator according to a mass ratio of 100:1.5:1 to form a mixing agent;
injecting the mixture into a mold, curing at normal temperature and demolding;
and step four, adopting a vacuum auxiliary forming process.
8. The method for preparing an impact-resistant self-recovery bionic composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
the adhesive used for adhering and fixing in the fifth step is modified acrylate;
the process of pasting and fixing in the step five is as follows:
uniformly coating the glue on the upper and lower surfaces of the NiTi bionic structure-basalt foamed aluminum composite material;
and (3) placing two carbon fiber laminate plates on the upper surface glue and the lower surface glue, pressing for 20 minutes, and solidifying for 24 hours at normal temperature to obtain the carbon fiber interlayer-NiTi bionic structure-basalt foamed aluminum composite material.
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