Head and neck brake device after oral cavity flap implantation and wearing method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of medical equipment, and particularly relates to a head and neck braking device after an oral skin flap implantation operation and a wearing method.
Background
Oral cancer is one of the common head and neck tumors. Worldwide, oral and pharyngeal cancers occur at a high rate, and the 6 th place of the systemic malignant tumor is located. The facial morphology, swallowing, chewing and language of the patient can be influenced to a certain extent after the oral malignant tumor is resected. With the rapid development of flap surgery, the oral malignant tumor surgery is developed from the past of simply cutting off pathological tissues to the simultaneous repair of defective tissues and functional reconstruction, so as to better recover the functions and the appearance of a patient and improve the life quality of the patient. Free skin flap has been widely used at home and abroad and has become the main means for immediate restoration of tumor postoperative defects.
Clinically, after the arteriovenous anastomosis operation of the free skin flap and the oral cavity, the head and the neck are required to be kept relatively still for 4 to 5 days in order to prevent the anastomotic orifice end from being broken. Currently, post-operative recovery treatment is mainly performed by bedridden patients and fixing the head and neck. Because of long-time bedridden, the patients are extremely easy to generate complications such as lower limb arteriothrombosis, pneumonia, constipation and the like, the rehabilitation progress of the patients is influenced, the hospitalization time of the patients is prolonged, and the hospitalization cost of the patients is increased. The patients are extremely uncomfortable due to long-time bedridden at the same time, negative psychological emotions are generated, and nursing difficulty and nursing workload are increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a head and neck brake appliance after an oral skin flap implantation operation and a wearing method, so that a patient can get out of a bed to move the body when wearing the brake appliance after the operation, complications are reduced, a good state is maintained, and nursing difficulty is reduced.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a neck brake appliance after an oral cavity skin flap transplanting operation, which comprises a head restraint, a neck restraint and a brake connecting piece; the head restraint is a headgear made of hard materials, the head restraint is worn on the head of a patient and keeps rotating synchronously with the head of the patient, the neck restraint is an annular neck protector made of hard materials, the neck restraint is worn on the neck of the patient and keeps rotating synchronously with the neck of the patient, the width of the neck restraint is larger than the length of the neck of the patient, the bottom end of the neck restraint is propped against the collarbone of the patient, and the top end of the neck restraint is connected with the bottom end of the head restraint through a braking connecting piece.
Through the scheme, the invention at least has the following technical effects:
the head restraint is used for hooping the head of a patient, so that the effect of synchronous rotation of the head restraint and the head of the patient is achieved, and the neck restraint is hooped by the neck restraint, so that the effect of synchronous rotation of the neck restraint and the neck of the patient is achieved. After the head restraint device and the neck restraint device are fixedly connected through the braking connecting piece, the relative static effect of the head restraint device and the neck restraint device can be realized, and the effect of keeping the head and the neck of a patient relatively static is further realized. In addition, the bottom of the neck restraint device is propped against the collarbone of a patient through the widened neck restraint device, so that the effect of limiting and supporting can be generated, the movement range of the neck of the patient is further reduced, the neck of the patient can be more favorably kept in a static state, and the postoperative recovery speed is accelerated. And the brake device is completely separated from the external fixing device, so that a patient can move out of bed when wearing the brake device, and complications caused by long-time lying can be avoided. And the metabolic problem can be automatically treated, and the nursing workload is lightened. At the same time, the patient can keep good mental state by the movement of the lower bed to accelerate rehabilitation.
Preferably, the device also comprises a positioner, wherein the positioner consists of a positioning plate, two positioning rods and two braces; the two ends of the two braces are respectively fixed on the two sides of the locating plate, the patient is fixed on the back through the braces by taking the locating plate back, the two locating rods are mutually parallel and are fixed on the top of the locating plate in parallel, and the head restraint device and the neck restraint device are respectively connected with the two locating rods through locating pieces.
Preferably, the braking connector is a snap-buckle combination; the combined child-mother buckle comprises a child buckle and a mother buckle, a plurality of child buckles are arranged at the bottom end of the head restraint device in a surrounding mode, a plurality of mother buckles are arranged at the bottom end of the neck restraint device in a surrounding mode, and the plurality of mother buckles are buckled with the plurality of child buckles in a one-to-one correspondence mode to connect and fix the head restraint device and the neck restraint device.
Preferably, the head restraint is provided with a face opening to expose the face of the patient.
Preferably, ear openings are formed in two sides of the head restraint to expose the external ear of the patient.
Preferably, the head restraint is provided with two folding parts which are split at the back pillow part of the corresponding patient, and the two folding parts are connected through a magic tape; the two ends of the neck restraint device are connected with the back neck of the patient through the magic tape.
Preferably, the inner layers of the head restraint and the neck restraint are respectively provided with a silica gel layer.
Preferably, the head restraint is provided with a first through groove in a region corresponding to the chin part of the patient, a first zipper is arranged on a silica gel layer in the first through groove, and the first through groove is controlled to be communicated with the inner cavity of the head restraint through the first zipper; the neck restraint device is provided with a second through groove in the area corresponding to the two sides of the neck of the patient, a silica gel layer in the second through groove is provided with a zipper, and the second through groove is controlled to be communicated with the inner cavity of the neck restraint device through the second zipper.
The invention also aims to provide the head and neck brake appliance after the oral skin flap implantation and the wearing method, so that a patient can get out of bed to move the body when wearing the brake appliance after the operation, complications are reduced, a good state is maintained, and nursing difficulty is reduced.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the wearing method of the head and neck brake device after the oral skin flap implantation adopts the head and neck brake device after the oral skin flap implantation in the scheme, and the following method is implemented:
s1: the head restraint is sleeved into the head of the patient and fixed, so that the head restraint and the head of the patient keep rotating synchronously;
s2: the neck restraint device with proper width is selected to be enclosed on the neck of the patient, so that the neck restraint device and the neck of the patient keep synchronous rotation, and the bottom of the neck restraint device is ensured to be propped against the collarbone of the patient to form a supporting and limiting effect;
s3: the top of the neck restraint and the bottom of the head restraint are connected and fixed through a brake connecting piece, so that the head restraint and the neck restraint are connected into a whole and are relatively static;
s4: the patient passes through the two braces to carry the locator back to the back, and the two locating rods are positioned at the back neck and the back pillow of the patient;
s5: the head restraint device and the neck restraint device are respectively connected and fixed on the two positioning rods through the positioning piece.
S6: the head and neck brake is worn.
Through the scheme, the invention at least has the following technical effects:
the head restraint device and the neck restraint device are respectively used for fixing the head and the neck of a patient, and the head restraint device and the neck restraint device can achieve a primary braking effect after being fixed through the braking connecting piece so as to limit the actions of the head and the neck of the patient. And then the positioner is arranged on the back of the patient, the two parallel positioning rods extend to the brain of the patient, and then the head restraint and the neck restraint are fixed on the two positioning rods. The head and neck of the patient is connected with the back of the shoulder of the patient, so that the head and neck of the patient is restrained by the two positioning rods and cannot rotate thoroughly.
Preferably, the head restraint and the neck restraint are provided with local cutting openings for facilitating the threading of medical lines.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the head restraint device and the neck restraint device are used for fixing the head and the neck of a patient respectively, and then the two restraint devices are connected and fixed to achieve the synchronous restraint effect of the head and the neck of the patient. In particular, a positioner fixed on the back of the patient is added, so that the head and the neck of the patient are connected and fixed with the back. The multi-azimuth constraint patient's head and neck movement makes the patient can sit, stand or walk when wearing the brake device, avoids inducing long-term bedridden complication, reduces the nursing degree of difficulty, and can also make the patient keep good mind state to accelerate recovery.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a side view of a head and neck brake implement provided in one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a rear view of a head and neck brake appliance provided in one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a head and neck brake assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a head and neck brake device provided with a first through groove and a second through groove according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a side view of a head and neck brake with a retainer provided in one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a rear view of a head and neck brake with a retainer provided in one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a head and neck brake with a retainer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Legend:
1 a head restraint; 2 neck restraint; 3 a brake connection; 4, a positioner; 5, magic tape;
11 face openings; 12 ear openings; 13, a turnover part; 14 a first through groove; 15 a first zipper;
a second through slot 21; 22 a second zipper;
31 sub-buckles; 32 female buttons;
41 positioning plates; 42 positioning rods; 43 braces; 44 positioning elements.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the present embodiment provides a head and neck brake device after an oral flap implantation, which is composed of a head restraint 1, a neck restraint 2 and a brake connector 3. The head restraint 1 is used for hooping the head of a patient, so that the effect of synchronous rotation of the head restraint 1 and the head of the patient is achieved, and the neck restraint 2 is used for hooping the neck of the patient, so that the effect of synchronous rotation of the neck restraint 2 and the neck of the patient is achieved. After the head restraint 1 and the neck restraint 2 are fixedly connected through the brake connecting piece 3, the relative static effect of the head restraint 1 and the neck restraint 2 can be realized, and the effect of keeping the head and the neck of a patient relatively static is further realized. The widened neck restraint device 2 enables the bottom of the neck restraint device to be propped against the collarbone of a patient, so that the effect of limiting and supporting can be achieved, the neck movement range of the patient is further reduced, the neck of the patient can be kept in a static state, and the postoperative recovery speed is accelerated. The brake is supported without external equipment and the patient can walk down the bed while wearing the brake.
The head restraint 1 is in a head sleeve shape, the outside of the head restraint is made of a framework made of hard materials to achieve the restraint effect, and the head restraint can be made of hard plastics, steel materials, wood and the like to be made into a hollowed-out keel structure, so that the head restraint has enough structural strength to limit the rotation of the head. And the silica gel layer is covered inside, so that the skin allergy symptoms of a patient are not easily caused due to high affinity of the silica gel material to the skin of the human body, the comfort is high, and the discomfort of the patient during wearing is relieved. Simultaneously, the silica gel layer can be filled with gaps to enhance the restraint effect and relieve the local compression effect of the head restraint 1 on the head of a patient.
As shown in fig. 2, the head restraint 1 is provided with two folding parts 13 which are split at the back pillow part of the patient, and an opening formed after the two folding parts 13 are opened is communicated with an opening at the bottom of the head restraint 1 corresponding to the neck position of the patient, so that a channel capable of accommodating the head of the patient to enter and exit is formed. The head of the patient can be put into the head restraint 1 from the opening for wearing. After the head restraint 1 is adjusted to a comfortable state of a patient, the two turnover parts 13 are closed and are adhered and sealed through the magic tape 5, and the tightness degree of the head restraint 1 is adjusted through the adhering position of the magic tape 5, so that the head restraint 1 can be worn.
As shown in fig. 1, the head restraint 1 is provided with a face opening 11 at a position corresponding to the face of the patient, so that the face of the patient can be entirely exposed without affecting the visual field, respiration, language communication, and diet when the brake is worn.
As shown in fig. 1, the head restraint 1 is provided with ear openings 12 at positions corresponding to both ears of a patient, so that the outer ear of the patient is exposed, and the outer auricle is prevented from being damaged by being pressed for a long time. According to the treatment condition and the facial outline of the patient, the ear opening 12 can be closed by the medical elastic bandage, so that the restraining effect of the head restraint 1 is enhanced.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the neck restraint device 2 is an annular neck protector formed by connecting and enclosing two ends, the exterior is also made of a hard material to achieve restraint effect, and a hollowed keel structure made of hard plastic, steel, wood and the like can be selected, so that the neck restraint device has enough structural strength to limit the rotation of the head and the neck. And the silica gel layer is covered on the inside to reduce uncomfortable feeling when the patient wears the neck restraint device, and the gap is filled to enhance the restraint effect and reduce the local compression effect of the neck restraint device 2 on the neck of the patient.
As shown in fig. 3 and 7, the brake connector 3 is a snap-fastener combination, and may be replaced by a hook-and-loop fastener 5, a zipper, a sewing thread, or the like. Can ensure the stable connection of the head restraint 1 and the neck restraint 2 and is convenient for assembly/disassembly. In this embodiment, taking a combination of snap fasteners as an example, the combination of snap fasteners is composed of snap fasteners 31 and snap fasteners 32, six snap fasteners 31 are fixedly installed around the edge of the bottom opening of the head restraint 1, six snap fasteners 32 are installed at corresponding positions on the top end of the neck restraint 2, after the head restraint 1 and the neck restraint 2 are worn, the snap fasteners 32 are fastened to the snap fasteners 31 in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the head restraint 1 and the neck restraint 2 are connected and fixed, so that the head and the neck of a patient are kept relatively stationary.
It should be noted that, as shown in fig. 4, in the postoperative recovery process, various medical lines are often set to connect the neck or chin of the patient according to the patient's condition, and for this purpose, the brake device reserves a window at the common insertion position of the medical lines. The head restraint 1 is provided with a first through groove 14 at the position corresponding to the chin of the patient, a gap is cut on a silica gel layer exposed in the first through groove 14, a first zipper 15 is arranged, and whether the first through groove 14 is communicated with the inside of the head restraint 1 is controlled by opening and closing the first zipper 15. The neck restraint 2 is provided with a second through groove 21 at the position corresponding to the neck of the patient at both sides, a gap is cut on the silica gel layer exposed in the second through groove 21, a second zipper 22 is arranged, and whether the second through groove 21 is communicated with the inside of the warp restraint is controlled by opening and closing the second zipper 22. Thus, when the medical line is required to be penetrated, only the first zipper 15 and the second zipper 22 are required to be operated, and the operation steps are simplified.
Example 2:
this embodiment adds a retainer 4 to the embodiment 1 to connect the head, neck and back of the patient, and the restraint to the head and neck of the patient is enhanced by the back-based retainer 4. The patient can better keep the relative static effect of the head and the neck in the process of getting out of the bed, and the postoperative recovery is prevented from being influenced.
As shown in fig. 5, 6 and 7, the retainer 4 is constituted by a retainer plate 41, two retainer bars 42 and two back straps 43; the two ends of the two straps 43 are respectively fixed on the two sides of the locating plate 41, the patient carries the locating plate 41 on the back through the straps 43, the two locating rods 42 are mutually parallel and are fixed on the top of the locating plate 41 in parallel, and the head restraint 1 and the neck restraint 2 are respectively connected with the two locating rods 42 through locating pieces 44. The patient's arms pass through the two straps 43 to carry the positioning plate 41 back in a schoolbag-carrying manner. And is firmly connected with the neck restraint 2 and the head restraint 1 through two positioning rods 42 fixed on the positioning plate 41. The positioning member 44 may be a clip, a bolt, a threaded sleeve, or any such structure that is simple to operate and has a good fixing effect.
Example 3:
the present embodiment provides a method for wearing a head and neck brake appliance after an oral skin flap implantation, as shown in fig. 5, 6 and 7, comprising the following steps:
step one: tearing and opening two turnover parts 13 with the magic tape 5 of pillow portion behind the head restraint 1, patient's head stretches into wherein, facial corresponding facial opening 11, and two auricles stretch out from both sides ear opening 12, after the adjustment, turn over two turnover parts 13 and close and laminate the magic tape 5, paste the hooping dynamics of position adjustment head restraint 1 through the magic tape 5, ensure that patient's head can't shift in head restraint 1.
Step two: according to the length of patient's neck, select the neck restraint ware 2 of suitable width, enclose with patient's neck, support the bottom of neck restraint ware 2 in collarbone department, both ends wind to the back neck department and laminate with the magic subsides 5, paste the hooping dynamics of position adjustment neck restraint ware 2 through the magic subsides 5 equally, ensure that patient's neck can't shift in neck restraint ware 2.
Step three: the female buckles 32 at the top of the neck restraint 2 are buckled with the child buckles 31 at the bottom of the head restraint 1 in a one-to-one correspondence manner, so that joint limiting of the head and the neck of a patient is completed, and the head and the neck of the patient are kept relatively static.
Step four: the patient stretches both arms into the two braces 43 of the positioner 4, and lifts the two braces 43 to the two shoulder positioning plates 41 to be attached to the back for fixation. Two positioning rods 42 stand on the back brain of the patient, and the two positioning rods 42 are synchronous with the shoulder and back of the patient.
Step five: the four positioning members 44 are fixed to the head restraint 1 and the neck restraint 2 in pairs, and the other ends of the four positioning members 44 are fixed to the two positioning rods 42 in pairs. The head restraint 1 and the neck restraint 2 are respectively and fixedly connected with two positioning rods 42.
Step six: the head and neck brake is worn.
It should be noted that, in embodiment 1, if the brake device does not reserve the insertion position of the medical line in advance, or if there is an error between the position where the medical line needs to be inserted and the positions of the first through slot 14 and the second through slot 21, the medical line can be laid by temporarily cutting slots in the head restraint 1 and the neck restraint 2.
The incision site of the surgery varies due to the patient's symptoms. Often, a sutured wound is left behind in the patient's cheek, jaw, chin, or neck after surgery. In order to avoid the influence of the brake device on the recovery speed of the wound, the head restraint 1 or the neck restraint 2 can be cut, and the position corresponding to the wound is cut and grooved, so that the wound is exposed and kept ventilated and dry.
The various technical features in the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined as long as there is no conflict or contradiction between the combinations of features, but are not described one by one at a time in the description.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but it is intended that the present invention also includes modifications and variations if they fall within the scope of the claims and the equivalents thereof, if they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.