CN113287750A - 一种南极磷虾油纳米颗粒及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种南极磷虾油纳米颗粒及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及磷虾油技术领域,具体涉及一种南极磷虾油纳米颗粒及其制备方法,南极磷虾油纳米颗粒按如下制备方法制得:(1)将蛋白质溶于去离子水,经水化、过滤得到水化溶液,调节pH、保温处理、冷却得到水相溶液A;(2)将高分子物质溶于去离子水中,添加稳定剂,搅拌、水化、过滤除去不溶物,得到水相溶液B;(3)将南极磷虾油添加到水相溶液A中,乳化得一级乳化液;(4)将一级乳化液与水相溶液B按照体积比1:0.2‑2进行混合进行二次封装;(5)干燥。该方法对南极磷虾油具有良好的保护、分散作用,改善了南极磷虾油的贮藏稳定性,提高了南极磷虾油纳米颗粒的包埋率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及磷虾油制备技术领域,具体涉及一种南极磷虾油纳米颗粒及其制备方法。
背景技术
南极磷虾油生物储量巨大,各国纷纷将其列为重要的战略资源,属于极重要的三大待开发海洋资源之一。以南极磷虾为原料所开发的诸多产品中,属南极磷虾油最具有代表性。近年来,磷虾油因其独特的成分组成与功能特性备受关注。尤其是较高的多不饱和脂肪酸此处(DHA、EPA等),虾青素/酯、磷脂、脂溶性维生素、甾醇类等多种功能伴随物,使其表现出多种临床功效,极具开发价值。但是南极磷虾油在开发和应用过程中存在突出挑战:(1)南极磷虾油为油状液体,水溶性差,使其在水相介质和固体基质产品中的应用受到严重限制;(2)南极磷虾油中富含的多不饱和的脂肪酸和虾青素等物质,性质不稳定,极易受环境影响而发生氧化降解失活,同时氧化过程中产生浓重的异味,影响最终产品的商品价值;(3)南极磷虾油自身带有腥味,摄食适口性差,给后续产品开发带来很多限制和困难。
纳米粒可以改善被包埋物的稳定性、溶解性和分散度,制备纳米粒的常用方法为高压均质法、微乳法、纳米沉淀法、乳化溶剂蒸发法等。因乳化溶剂蒸发法不会产生高温,可使虾油中的虾青素及多不饱和脂肪酸等热敏性物质更好地保存。公开号为CN 107874257 A的中国专利申请提供了一种高包埋小粒径南极磷虾油纳米粒的制备方法,基于乳化溶剂蒸发法,采用多级梯度循环高压均质,提高了南极磷虾油纳米粒的均一性及包埋率,但是该方法包埋率仅81.82%,同时制备过程中使用了二氯甲烷与丙酮的混合溶剂,存在一定的食品安全性。
因此,如何改善南极磷虾油的水分散性、稳定性和腥味,如何提高南极磷虾油纳米颗粒的包埋率和安全性,成为南极磷虾油应用推广过程中的关键技术问题。
发明内容
针对现有技术南极磷虾油的水分散性、稳定性和包埋率低的问题,本发明提供一种南极磷虾油纳米颗粒及其制备方法,对南极磷虾油具有良好的保护、分散作用,改善了南极磷虾油的贮藏稳定性,提高了南极磷虾油纳米颗粒的包埋率。
本发明提供一种南极磷虾油纳米颗粒的制备方法,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)水相溶液A制备
将蛋白质按质量体积比0.5-5g/100mL添加到去离子水中搅拌,经水化、过滤得到蛋白质的水化溶液,然后调节pH=4.0-6.0,置于80-100℃保温处理20-60min,后冷却至室温,得到水相溶液A;
(2)水相溶液B制备
将高分子物质按质量体积比0.5-5g/100mL溶于去离子水中,按质量体积比0.0005-1g/100mL添加稳定剂,搅拌、水化、过滤除去不溶物,得到水相溶液B;
(3)乳化
将南极磷虾油按照质量比1:0.5-10添加到水相溶液A中,充分乳化至体系均匀稳定,除去游离的南极磷虾油,得到一级乳化液;
(4)二次封装
将步骤(3)得到的一级乳化液与步骤(2)得到的水相溶液B按照体积比1:0.2-2进行混合,然后进行剪切均质和/或超声处理,得到二次封装体系;
(5)干燥
将步骤(4)得到的二次封装体系进行干燥,得到南极磷虾油纳米颗粒。
进一步的,步骤(1)中搅拌温度为室温,搅拌速度为100-800rpm,搅拌时间为1-4h。
进一步的,步骤(1)中水化温度为1-10℃,水化时间为4-12h。
进一步的,步骤(1)中蛋白质为乳清蛋白、大豆分离蛋白中的一种或两种。
进一步的,步骤(2)中搅拌温度为室温,搅拌速度为100-800rpm,搅拌时间为1-4h。
进一步的,步骤(2)中水化温度为1-10℃,水化时间为4-12h。
进一步的,步骤(2)中高分子物质为酪蛋白酸钠、溶菌酶、果胶、羧甲基纤维素、壳聚糖、海藻酸钠、阿拉伯胶或黄原胶中的一种或几种;稳定剂为茶多酚、抗坏血酸、乙二胺四乙酸钠、异抗坏血酸及其盐或植酸中的一种或几种。
进一步的,步骤(3)中乳化采用剪切均质乳化和/或超声均质乳化;剪切均质乳化的转速为5000~30000rpm,时间为2~10min;超声均质乳化功率100~600W,输出频率20~40kHz,时间为3~15min。
进一步的,步骤(3)除去游离南极磷虾油的方式为静置和/或离心;静置时间为0.5-12h,离心转速为1000-5000rpm,离心时间为5-30min。
进一步的,步骤(4)中剪切均质的转速为5000~30000rpm,时间为2~10min;超声均质乳化功率100~600W,输出频率20~40kHz,时间为3~15min。
进一步的,步骤(5)中干燥方式为喷雾干燥或冷冻干燥。
本发明还提供一种采用上述制备方法获得的南极磷虾油纳米颗粒。
本发明的有益效果在于,
(1)本发明提供一种南极磷虾油的制备方法,条件温和、绿色环保,采用双水相体系进行二次封装,对南极磷虾油具有良好的保护、分散作用,同时改变了南极磷虾油的凝聚状态,使其从液态转化为固态,同时在不使用有机溶剂和表面活性剂的前提下,即可制备得到稳定性良好的南极磷虾油纳米颗粒,为食用安全性提供了保障;
(2)通过本发明提供的制备方法所得的南极磷虾油纳米颗粒,干爽、流动性好,南极磷虾油的包埋率可达96%以上,虾青素保留率可到90%以上,平均粒径分布无显著变化,表现出水分散性,显著改善了南极磷虾油的贮藏稳定性;改善了腥味;
(3)本发明制备的南极磷虾油在应用过程中,可以简单方便地按需要量添加到预混料食品、保健食品、日化用品和药品等体系当中,尤其是固体基质产品领域,市场前景广阔。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,对于本领域普通技术人员而言,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明提供的南极磷虾油纳米颗粒的制备方法流程图。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明中的技术方案,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
如图1所示,一种南极磷虾油纳米颗粒,该颗粒采用如下制备方法获得:
(1)水相溶液A制备
将乳清蛋白按质量体积比2g/100mL添加到去离子水中,于室温、搅拌速度为500rpm搅拌2h,于7℃下水化7h,过滤除去不溶物,得到乳清蛋白的水化溶液,将乳清蛋白的水化溶液调节pH=4.0,置于80℃保温处理60min,后冷却至室温,得到水相溶液A;
(2)水相溶液B制备
将酪蛋白酸钠按质量体积比2g/100mL溶于去离子水中,按质量体积比0.001g/100mL添加茶多酚,然后在室温、600rpm条件下搅拌1-4h,然后于5℃环境下水化10h,过滤除去不溶物,得到水相溶液B;
(3)乳化
将南极磷虾油按照质量比1:5添加到水相溶液A中,采用剪切均质乳化方式进行充分乳化,转速为5000rpm,时间为8min,至体系均匀稳定,静置2h除去游离的南极磷虾油,得到一级乳化液;
(4)二次封装
将步骤(3)得到的一级乳化液与步骤(2)得到的水相溶液B按照体积比1:0.5进行混合,然后进行剪切均质处理,转速为5000rpm,时间为10min,得到二次封装体系;
(5)干燥
将步骤(4)得到的二次封装体系进行喷雾干燥,得到南极磷虾油纳米颗粒。
实施例2
一种南极磷虾油纳米颗粒,该颗粒采用如下制备方法获得:
(1)水相溶液A制备
将大豆分离蛋白按质量体积比5g/100mL添加到去离子水中,于室温、搅拌速度为100rpm搅拌4h,于10℃下水化4h,过滤除去不溶物,得到大豆分离蛋白的水化溶液,将大豆分离蛋白的水化溶液调节pH=5.0,置于90℃保温处理40min,后冷却至室温,得到水相溶液A;
(2)水相溶液B制备
将壳聚糖按质量体积比5g/100mL溶于去离子水中,按质量体积比0.5g/100mL添加乙二胺四乙酸钠,然后在室温、800rpm条件下搅拌1h,然后于2℃环境下水化8h,过滤除去不溶物,得到水相溶液B;
(3)乳化
将南极磷虾油按照质量比1:2添加到水相溶液A中,采用超声均质乳化方式进行充分乳化,超声均质乳化功率100W,时间为15min,至体系均匀稳定,静置4h除去游离的南极磷虾油,得到一级乳化液;
(4)二次封装
将步骤(3)得到的一级乳化液与步骤(2)得到的水相溶液B按照体积比1:0.2进行混合,然后进行剪切均质处理,转速为8000rpm,时间为4min,得到二次封装体系;
(5)干燥
将步骤(4)得到的二次封装体系进行喷雾干燥,得到南极磷虾油纳米颗粒。
实施例3
一种南极磷虾油纳米颗粒,该颗粒采用如下制备方法获得:
(1)水相溶液A制备
将大豆分离蛋白和乳清蛋白的混合物(大豆分离蛋白和乳清蛋白的质量比为1:1)按质量体积比4g/100mL添加到去离子水中,于室温、搅拌速度为500rpm搅拌3h,于10℃下水化4h,过滤除去不溶物,得到蛋白水化溶液,将蛋白水化溶液调节pH=4.5,置于90℃保温处理40min,后冷却至室温,得到水相溶液A;
(2)水相溶液B制备
将溶菌酶、果胶、羧甲基纤维素、壳聚糖的混合物(溶菌酶、果胶、羧甲基纤维素、壳聚糖的质量比为1:1:1:1)按质量体积比4g/100mL溶于去离子水中,按质量体积比1g/100mL添加植酸,然后在室温、500rpm条件下搅拌2h,然后于10℃环境下水化4h,过滤除去不溶物,得到水相溶液B;
(3)乳化
将南极磷虾油按照质量比1:8添加到水相溶液A中,采用剪切均质乳化方式进行充分乳化,转速为10000rpm,时间为5min,至体系均匀稳定,离心除去游离的南极磷虾油(转速为1000-5000rpm,时间为5-30min),得到一级乳化液;
(4)二次封装
将步骤(3)得到的一级乳化液与步骤(2)得到的水相溶液B按照体积比1:1进行混合,然后进行剪切均质处理,转速为5000rpm,时间为2min,得到二次封装体系;
(5)干燥
将步骤(4)得到的二次封装体系进行冷冻干燥,得到南极磷虾油纳米颗粒。
测试例1包埋率测试
本发明以EPA(二十碳五烯酸)作为标准品,通过外标法检测南极磷虾油纳米颗粒包埋率。首先通过GC-MS(6890N GC-5973MSD Agilent)得到EPA(二十碳五烯酸)标准曲线,然后根据标准曲线计算出南极磷虾油及南极磷虾油纳米颗粒表面油中EPA的含量。南极磷虾油纳米粒的包埋率通过如下公式测得:
包埋率=(总油EPA的含量-表面油EPA的含量)÷总油EPA的含量×100%。
分别测试实施例1所得起始样品和经30天贮藏后样品包埋率,测试结果见表1。
测试例2粒径测试
将实施例1南极磷虾油纳米颗粒初始样品和经30天贮藏后样品分别溶解到去离子水中,其比例为1:15-30。通过马尔文激光粒度仪进行检测。
测试结果见表1。
测试例3贮藏稳定性测试
以贮藏过程中虾青素的保留率来评价其贮藏稳定性。
将实施例1样品封装于铝塑软管中,于40℃恒温箱下放置贮藏,30天后取样,观察样品外观,并测定样品中虾青素的含量,按照如下公式计算贮藏过程中虾青素的保留率,以评价其稳定性。
虾青素的保留率(%)=Cn/C0×100
其中,Cn为贮藏30天后样品中虾青素含量,C0为起始样品中虾青素含量。
测试结果见表1。
表1实施例1所得样品指标参数
将实施例1所得样品于自然条件下密封贮藏30天,分别测定其包埋率、虾青素保留率、粒径分布、产品状态和腥味变化。结果表明,贮藏30天后,本发明制备的南极磷虾油纳米颗粒中南极磷虾油的包埋率达96%以上,虾青素保留率可到90%以上,且贮藏30天后,南极磷虾油的包埋率、保留率、粒径和外观状态均无显著变化,说明本发明方法制备的南极磷虾油纳米颗粒,可以显著改善南极磷虾油的贮藏稳定性,特别是其中的敏感成分虾青素得到了很好的保护。另外,本发明制备的南极磷虾油纳米颗粒为流动性良好的粉状固体,加工应用性能优良。
尽管通过参考附图并结合优选实施例的方式对本发明进行了详细描述,但本发明并不限于此。在不脱离本发明的精神和实质的前提下,本领域普通技术人员可以对本发明的实施例进行各种等效的修改或替换,而这些修改或替换都应在本发明的涵盖范围内/任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应以权利要求所述的保护范围为准。
Claims (10)
1.一种南极磷虾油纳米颗粒的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)水相溶液A制备
将蛋白质按质量体积比0.5-5g/100mL添加到去离子水中搅拌,经水化、过滤得到蛋白质的水化溶液,然后调节pH=4.0-6.0,置于80-100℃保温处理20-60min,后冷却至室温,得到水相溶液A;
(2)水相溶液B制备
将高分子物质按质量体积比0.5-5g/100mL溶于去离子水中,按质量体积比0.0005-1g/100mL添加稳定剂,搅拌、水化、过滤除去不溶物,得到水相溶液B;
(3)乳化
将南极磷虾油按照质量比1:0.5-10添加到水相溶液A中,充分乳化至体系均匀稳定,除去游离的南极磷虾油,得到一级乳化液;
(4)二次封装
将步骤(3)得到的一级乳化液与步骤(2)得到的水相溶液B按照体积比1:0.2-2进行混合,然后进行剪切均质和/或超声处理,得到二次封装体系;
(5)干燥
将步骤(4)得到的二次封装体系进行干燥,得到南极磷虾油纳米颗粒。
2.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中搅拌温度为室温,搅拌速度为100-800rpm,搅拌时间为1-4h;步骤(1)中水化温度为1-10℃,水化时间为4-12h。
3.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中蛋白质为乳清蛋白或大豆分离蛋白中的一种或两种。
4.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中搅拌温度为室温,搅拌速度为100-800rpm,搅拌时间为1-4h;步骤(2)中水化温度为1-10℃,水化时间为4-12h。
5.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中高分子物质为酪蛋白酸钠、溶菌酶、果胶、羧甲基纤维素、壳聚糖、海藻酸钠、阿拉伯胶或黄原胶中的一种或几种;稳定剂为茶多酚、抗坏血酸、乙二胺四乙酸钠、异抗坏血酸及其盐或植酸中的一种或几种。
6.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中乳化采用剪切均质乳化和/或超声均质乳化;其中,剪切均质乳化的转速为5000~30000rpm,时间为2~10min;超声均质乳化功率100~600W,输出频率20~40kHz,时间为3~15min。
7.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)除去游离南极磷虾油的方式为静置和/或离心;静置时间为0.5-12h,离心转速为1000-5000rpm,离心时间为5-30min。
8.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中剪切均质的转速为5000~30000rpm,时间为2~10min;超声均质乳化功率100~600W,输出频率20~40kHz,时间为3~15min。
9.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中干燥方式为喷雾干燥或冷冻干燥。
10.一种如权利要求1~9任一项所述的制备方法获得的南极磷虾油纳米颗粒。
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