CN113287517A - Method for rapidly purifying and rejuvenating local variety of small bean - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for quickly purifying and rejuvenating local varieties of small beans in the field of agricultural planting, which comprises the steps of screening improved varieties of seeds of the small beans, performing single-grain culture in an out-of-season mode, performing protospecies plant identification and single-pod kernel stripping identification on cultured plants, sorting out protospecies consistency, planting according to pod kernels, and finally performing plant propagation by using a three-garden system to obtain purified and rejuvenated improved varieties, and the technical scheme performs outdoor culture propagation by screening seeds with stronger consistency with the protospecies in a later-stage plant propagation and three-garden system purification stage, reduces the requirements of the plants on space conditions while maintaining the excellence of the varieties, reduces the cost, has universality and popularization for actual agricultural planting, obtains self nutrients through soil of the plants, and is convenient for the plants to be integrated into an outdoor ecological circle, reducing the possibility of internal seed failure.

Description

Method for rapidly purifying and rejuvenating local variety of small bean

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a method for quickly purifying and rejuvenating local varieties of small beans.

Background

Bijie red bean belongs to annual leguminous plant, prefers warm and humid climate, and is upright and herbaceous in one year, and the height can reach 90 cm. The stem has significant long bristles. Three-out compound leaves are grown mutually; the terminal lobules are oval, 5-10 cm long, 2-5 cm wide, the tips are tapered, the lateral lobules are inclined, the whole edge or 3 parts are shallow, and both sides are sparse by white and soft hair; the shape of the tropina ovate. Axillary growth of the raceme; calyx 5 is split; the corolla is butterfly-shaped and yellow, the flag petal has a short claw, and the upper part of the keel petal is curled; a stamen disomic. The pod is cylindrical and 5-8 cm long. 6-8 seeds. The flowering period is 6-7 months, and the fruit period is 7-8 months.

The improved variety of the Pityrosporum ovale is easy to change and degenerate in the continuous planting process. Although red bean is self-pollinated, because insects such as bees and the like pollinate, the cross-pollination rate is high, so the red bean is a common cross-pollinated crop. The variation of the small red beans in successive years is so rapid that 1 improved variety loses the utilization value in production if the variety can not be correctly selected and reserved in 3 years.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention aims to provide a method for quickly purifying and rejuvenating the Pityrosporum ovale.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for quickly purifying and rejuvenating local variety of red bean includes such steps as screening the improved variety of Bijie red bean, culturing in single seed, identifying the original plant and the seeds of single pod, choosing the original seed, planting in pod, and reproducing.

After the scheme is adopted, the following beneficial effects are realized: 1. compared with the prior art of indoor single-grain culture, the technical scheme utilizes the single grains to culture in an out-of-season manner, reduces the possibility of insect-borne different flowers pollination in a big honey season, and keeps the consistency of varieties.

2. Compared with the prior art adopting single-seed culture, the technical scheme has the advantages that in the later plant propagation and three-nursery purification stage, the seeds with stronger consistency with the original seeds are screened for outdoor culture propagation, the advantages of the variety are kept, meanwhile, the requirements of the plants on the space conditions are reduced, compared with the prior art of independent space culture, the technical scheme has the advantages that the cost is reduced, the universality and the popularization of actual agricultural planting are realized, the plants can obtain the nutrients of the plants through soil, the plants can be conveniently integrated into an outdoor ecological circle, and the possibility of internal failure of the seeds is reduced.

Further, the above scheme comprises the following steps:

s1, selecting stock seeds and single plants, threshing the single plants, analyzing the examined seeds, and eliminating the single plants which are inconsistent with the original seeds in grain color, grain shape, navel color and other characters;

s2, performing out-of-season single plant culture, wherein the single plant culture arrangement adopts a sequential arrangement method, and then performing self-pollination on the plants in a semi-closed independent space;

s3, identifying original seed plants, carrying out branch observation recording, comparison identification and field selection, then pulling out eliminated inferior and impure plant line gardens and poor single plants, selecting plants which are stable, tidy and consistent in properties and obviously superior to those of a control, harvesting the plant line gardens, and then carrying out indoor seed test analysis to select plant lines which are consistent in grain color and luster, uniform in size and full in seeds;

s4, identifying the single pod shelling, selecting 22.6 pods with effective pod number of branches, selecting white-skin, transparent and green seeds with effective pod number of 6.3, high color consistency, 12-14g of hundred-grain weight, good appearance quality, uniform size and bright and white bean hulls;

s5, purifying and screening, planting the stock seeds according to pod consistency, repeating S3 and S4, and harvesting and identifying the single plants according to consistency;

s6, three-nursery planting, selecting single plants with consistent purity to plant in the cell, preferably selecting single plants and single pods to return to pod planting identification, carrying out isolated propagation and multi-point identification on the single plants, providing cell test demonstration and plant propagation of the base, and further expanding popularization.

Has the advantages that: 1. compared with the prior art adopting outdoor consistency culture, the single semi-closed culture method is adopted in the technical scheme, the plants are limited in the vessel (namely pollen of the plants is limited in the vessel), so that anemophily or manual selfing is carried out on the plants, the risk of pollen overflow and dispersion is reduced as the pollen is limited in an independent space, the fertility rate of fruits is increased by the pollen overflow and dispersion in the vessel, and the vessel is isolated from the outside, so that the risk of plant hybridization is reduced.

2. Compared with the prior art adopting semi-closed culture, the technical scheme not only distinguishes and identifies the plants, but also selects the single pod, thereby reducing the possibility that the seeds carry pathogenic bacteria.

Further, 10 strains, namely BCD1003, BCD1006, BCD1007, BCD1008, BCD1013, BCD1026, BCD1030, BCD1032, BCD1034 and BCD1037 are screened out from the S1.

Has the advantages that: easy to distinguish and record.

Further, in the step S2, the season of self-pollination is staggered with the period of large honey flow, then the single plant is covered with a plastic barrel to wrap the plant, and then holes inclined upwards are formed around the plastic barrel, and the holes are inclined towards the flowers.

Has the advantages that: 1. this technical scheme utilizes the plastic drum to carry out semi-closed, makes the plant be convenient for observe, promotes simultaneously and keeps off the rain and keep off the worm effect.

2. Compared with the prior art with rain-sheltering and insect-sheltering effects, the technical scheme has the advantages that the holes are obliquely oriented to the flowers, so that the pollen is propagated through wind vectors.

3. Compared with the prior art of utilizing wind medium to propagate, the technical scheme utilizes the inclination of the holes to avoid pollen fragrance linear propagation to attract the insect medium and simultaneously avoid the insect medium such as bees and the like directly entering the plastic barrel through the holes.

Furthermore, the top of the plastic barrel is provided with a plug cover, and the inner surface of the plastic barrel is coated with spaced sun-proof coatings.

Has the advantages that: because the plastic drum material is convex lens, so can produce the blade dehydration phenomenon when the sunshine shines the in-process, consequently sun-proof layer is paintd at the interval in this technical scheme to reduce the irradiation range of sunshine, the mode of smearing at interval simultaneously also makes the plant growth in-process can acquire sunshine.

Further, the step S4 includes the steps of removing eliminated plant rows before harvesting, removing individual diseased and inferior plants in the selected plant rows, sampling, collecting according to the row, airing, threshing, bagging, making internal and external labels, screening according to the seed color, the navel color, the grain shape, the size, the uniformity, the diseased grain weight and the glossiness of seeds of each plant row, and eliminating the plant rows with atypical and irregular seed properties and diseased and insect grains.

Furthermore, in the planting process of S5, single-furrow double-row planting is adopted, the furrow width is 1.2m, the plant row spacing is 45cm multiplied by 60cm, the plant density is 2470 plants per 667m2, and the number of the seeds is 177.

Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art adopting close planting, the technical scheme lengthens the plant spacing, thereby avoiding the hybridization of different plants.

Further, performing hole sowing on seeds of each row according to the serial number sequence, wherein 3-5 seeds are sowed in each hole, only 1 seedling is finally left, and in order to accelerate propagation, the seeds of the rest strains are arranged in the adjacent field block according to the serial number sequence for repeated planting.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a structural view of the plastic tub of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments: the following plastic barrels 1, holes 2 are numbered.

The embodiment is basically as shown in the attached figure 1: a method for quickly purifying and rejuvenating local varieties of small beans is used for carrying out resource investigation and collection on small bean seeds of Bijie in Guizhou province, purchasing 100 strong, disease-free and high-yield single plants, and establishing a Bijie small bean variety breeding experimental base.

Decision selection

Through single plant threshing and seed test analysis, single plants with the characteristics of grain color, grain shape, navel color and the like inconsistent with the original variety are eliminated. And (4) selecting 40 excellent single plants according to breeding targets, removing the insect grains, and respectively bagging and storing for serving as seeds for purification and rejuvenation. The strains are numbered according to the breed names and the sequence of the single plant selection year and are respectively 10 strains, namely BCD1003, BCD1006, BCD1007, BCD1008, BCD1013, BCD1026, BCD1030, BCD1032, BCD1034 and BCD 1037.

2.2 plant row comparison test

2.2.1 the design of the field is carried out to carry out the plant row identification test, the plant row identification garden selects an improved variety breeding field with the area of 2000m2, the field arrangement adopts a sequential arrangement method without repetition, the arrangement direction of the cells is consistent with the trend of the field blocks, each plant row is a cell, 1 control variety is arranged every 20 plant rows, and the control variety is the original variety produced last time.

2.2.2 sowing each single seed in the sequence of the serial numbers, and dibbling the single seeds into a row at equal intervals. Before sowing, the small red bean seeds are aired, diseased grains, blighted grains and worm-eaten grains are removed, field management is enhanced, and the fertilization level is medium.

2.2.3 evaluation in the field, selecting a specific variety of Bijie city with Bijie red bean as a genuine to enter a full growth period of 104-107 d of a selected plant row, directly eliminating 15 plant rows with severe downy mildew, making an obvious mark in the field, then carrying out self-pollination on a single seed in a semi-closed independent space, staggering a large honey flow period in a season for carrying out self-pollination, please refer to fig. 2, then covering a single plant on a plastic barrel 1 to wrap the plant, then forming holes 2 inclined upwards around the plastic barrel 1, and enabling the inclination angle of the holes 2 to face flowers.

Harvesting

And then, adding organic fertilizer, reducing the fertilizer consumption, applying farmyard manure 15t/hm2, mixing with calcium superphosphate 300kg/hm2 and potassium fertilizer 150kg/hm2, and covering the pit with fine soil. When 4-5 compound leaves grow on the Bijie red bean, the top center of the main stem is picked off, and in order to heal the wound as soon as possible and promote effective branching and differentiation, 15-30 kg/hm2 of urea, 150kg/hm2 of calcium superphosphate and 75kg/hm2 of potassium fertilizer are poured in water. According to the growth condition of seedlings, 30-45 kg/hm2 of urea and 75kg/hm2 of potash fertilizer or monopotassium phosphate is sprayed with water in the initial flowering period to promote inflorescence differentiation and full pods and bean grains.

The fertilizer is applied according to a soil testing formula, N: P2O 5: K2O is 1: 8: 4, organic fertilizer is applied additionally, the using amount of the fertilizer is reduced, the yield of the red bean in the Gregorian province is remarkably improved, the economic benefit is increased, the concentrated and effective utilization of the red bean in the Gregorian province is promoted, the using amount of the fertilizer is restrained from the source, and the agricultural non-point source pollution is reduced.

The method comprises the steps of removing eliminated plant rows before harvesting, pulling out individual diseased and inferior plants in the selected plant rows, sampling, collecting according to the rows, airing, threshing, bagging, and making internal and external labels. The collected information is tabulated in Table 1, and Table 1 identifies the duration and yield of the test.

TABLE 1

After removing diseased and inferior plants and sampling, singly collecting, singly airing, singly threshing, singly bagging, putting, and hanging the inner and outer labels of the bags. Performing yield comparison analysis, reducing yield of BCD1002 compared with control species, and eliminating; the yield of other strains is increased by comparison, the yield of each 667m2 is higher than 130kg, the yield is increased by more than 16%, and the main economic characters and the yield of each strain are shown in the main agronomic characters of the strain identification test in the table 2.

TABLE 2

Purification and rejuvenation:

maintaining the seed character in order to maintain the purity and the seed character of the graduate red bean, the three-nursery method combining the improved seed system breeding and the seed quality purification and rejuvenation is adopted.

Selecting, pod selecting and grain selecting selected single plants in the 1 st year, arranging 1 control in every 10 plant-row gardens, relatively isolating the plant-row gardens, performing branch observation recording, comparative identification and field evaluation, removing eliminated inferior mixed plant-row gardens and poor single plants, selecting plants which are stable, tidy and consistent in character and are obviously superior to the control, harvesting the plant-row gardens, performing indoor seed test analysis, selecting plant-row gardens which are consistent in grain color and luster, uniform in size and full in seeds, and performing the 2 nd year preparation test.

And (3) in the 2 nd year, performing a preparation test on the preferred strains, planting the selected plant-row nursery in strain gardens, relatively isolating the strain gardens, observing and recording by garden division, comparing the nursery gardens with the nursery gardens, and comparing the nursery gardens with a control, eliminating the strain garden with the impurity rate of 1%, selecting the preferred strains from the strain gardens, continuously planting the selected strains in the plant-row nursery in the 3 rd year, and selecting the preferred strains from the preselected strain gardens preferably after indoor evaluation to serve as the 3 rd year strain test material.

And (3) performing a strain comparison test on the super-quality strain in the 3 rd year, pre-selecting seeds in a strain garden in the 2 nd year, setting a contrast, relatively isolating the strain gardens, analyzing and comparing the comprehensive properties such as economic properties, quantitative properties, disease resistance, indoor and outdoor seed tests and the like, preferably selecting the seeds produced by the super-quality strain as stock seeds, continuously participating in the strain comparison test for 2-3 years in order to further investigate whether the bred strain has more stability or reaches a breeding target, and expanding propagation and reporting varieties if the properties are consistent and stable.

Returning the unselected line to the 4 th line garden or selecting and reserving the line garden. In the 4 th year, the original seeds are isolated and propagated, impurities and inferior are removed, and the seeds are selected and packaged. The periphery of the seed propagation area is not planted with small red beans within 500m, the propagated seeds are tested for multiple times in the next year, and the selected good varieties provide large-area demonstration, so that the aims of improving the product quality of the small red beans in the graduation, maintaining the good characters of the original seeds of the small red beans in the graduation and improving the yield per unit of the small red beans in the graduation are fulfilled.

It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention, and common general knowledge in the field of known specific structures and characteristics is not described herein in any greater extent than that known in the art at the filing date or prior to the priority date of the application, so that those skilled in the art can now appreciate that all of the above-described techniques in this field and have the ability to apply routine experimentation before this date can be combined with one or more of the present teachings to complete and implement the present invention, and that certain typical known structures or known methods do not pose any impediments to the implementation of the present invention by those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several changes and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.

Claims (8)

1. A method for rapidly purifying and rejuvenating local varieties of small beans is characterized by comprising the following steps: carrying out fine variety screening on the seeds of the binodal small red beans, then carrying out single-grain culture in an out-of-season manner, carrying out protospecies plant identification and single-pod kernel stripping identification on the cultured plants, sorting out protospecies for planting according to pod kernels in consistency, and finally carrying out strain propagation by utilizing a three-nursery system to obtain purified and rejuvenated fine varieties.

2. The method for rapid purification and rejuvenation of local varieties of adzuki beans as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the scheme comprises the following steps:

s1, selecting stock seeds and single plants, threshing the single plants, analyzing the examined seeds, and eliminating the single plants which are inconsistent with the original seeds in grain color, grain shape, navel color and other characters;

s2, performing out-of-season single plant culture, wherein the single plant culture arrangement adopts a sequential arrangement method, and then performing self-pollination on the plants in a semi-closed independent space;

s3, identifying original seed plants, carrying out branch observation recording, comparison identification and field selection, then pulling out eliminated inferior and impure plant line gardens and poor single plants, selecting plants which are stable, tidy and consistent in properties and obviously superior to those of a control, harvesting the plant line gardens, and then carrying out indoor seed test analysis to select plant lines which are consistent in grain color and luster, uniform in size and full in seeds;

s4, identifying the single pod shelling, selecting 22.6 pods with effective pod number of branches, selecting the single pod shelling with bright red seeds and high color consistency, wherein the effective pod number is 6.3, the hundred weight is 12-14g, the appearance quality of the single pod shelling is good, the size is uniform, and the bean hulls are bright and white;

s5, purifying and screening, planting the stock seeds according to pod consistency, repeating S3 and S4, and harvesting and identifying the single plants according to consistency;

s6, three-nursery planting, selecting single plants with consistent purity to plant in the cell, preferably selecting single plants and single pods to return to pod planting identification, carrying out isolated propagation and multi-point identification on the single plants, providing cell test demonstration and plant propagation of the base, and further expanding popularization.

3. The method for rapid purification and rejuvenation of local varieties of adzuki beans as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and 10 strains, namely BCD1003, BCD1006, BCD1007, BCD1008, BCD1013, BCD1026, BCD1030, BCD1032, BCD1034 and BCD1037 are screened in the S1.

4. The method for rapid purification and rejuvenation of local varieties of adzuki beans as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step S2, the season for self-pollination is staggered with the period of large honey flow, then a single plant is covered with a plastic barrel to wrap the plant, and holes inclined upwards are formed around the plastic barrel, wherein the inclination angle of the holes faces to the flowers.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the top of the plastic barrel is provided with a plug cover, and the inner surface of the plastic barrel is coated with spaced sun-proof coatings.

6. The method for rapid purification and rejuvenation of local varieties of adzuki beans as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the S4 method also comprises the steps of removing eliminated plant rows before harvesting, pulling out individual diseased and inferior plants in the selected plant rows, sampling, collecting according to the row, airing, threshing, bagging, making internal and external labels, screening according to the seed color, the navel color, the grain shape, the size, the uniformity, the diseased grain weight and the glossiness of seeds of each plant row, and eliminating the plant rows with atypical and irregular seed properties and diseased and insect grains.

7. The method for rapid purification and rejuvenation of local varieties of adzuki beans as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the planting process of S5, single-furrow double-row planting is adopted, the furrow width is 1.2m, the row spacing of plants is 45cm multiplied by 60cm, the plant is planted in holes of 177 real seeds, and the planting density is 2470 plants per 667m 2.

8. The method of claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (4) performing hole sowing on the seeds of each plant row according to the serial number sequence, wherein 3-5 seeds are sowed in each hole, only 1 seedling is finally reserved, and the seeds of the rest plants are arranged in the adjacent field blocks according to the serial number sequence for repeated planting for accelerating propagation.

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