CN113283698A - Relay protection anti-electromagnetic interference evaluation index system and evaluation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a relay protection maintainability assessment index system and an assessment method, which comprise the following steps: 1) and analyzing the anti-interference performance evaluation object of the relay protection device. The method combines the operating conditions of the relay protection device and the current standard, and divides the electromagnetic environment in which the relay protection device is possibly located into 10 environments such as a radiation electromagnetic field environment and an electrostatic discharge environment; 2) and establishing an anti-interference performance evaluation index system of the relay protection device. The system evaluates the anti-electromagnetic interference performance of the relay protection device from 3 aspects of the action characteristic, the tolerance performance and the data content change rate when the relay protection device is interfered; 3) and (4) performing anti-electromagnetic interference evaluation application calculation on the power grid operation actual data in a certain area. The method only needs to collect relevant anti-electromagnetic interference data, has strong operability and easy implementation, obtains accurate results, and can optimize the maintenance scheme through the results, thereby improving the reliability of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of relay protection of power systems, and particularly relates to an anti-electromagnetic interference evaluation index system and an evaluation method for relay protection.
Background
The relay protection device is used as a first defense line for guaranteeing the safe operation of the power grid and preventing catastrophic accidents, and the reliable action of the relay protection device is closely related to the safe and stable operation of the power grid. Ensuring the normal work of the relay protection device is one of important contents for ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power grid. When the power grid fails, if the relay protection device cannot operate correctly, the failure of the power system is enlarged, and even the whole power grid is broken down due to bad chain reaction, so that large-area power failure is caused, and serious influence is brought to normal life, economic development and social stability of people.
The electromagnetic environment of the transformer substation in which the relay protection device actually operates is very complex, and the normal operation of the device is easily influenced. In addition, the protection device needs to withstand additional electromagnetic interference when ground faults, circuit breaker operations, lightning disturbances occur. Therefore, it is necessary to provide an anti-interference index of the relay protection device and properly evaluate the anti-interference performance of the relay protection device.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a relay protection anti-electromagnetic interference evaluation index system and an evaluation method.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the method comprises the following steps: and analyzing the anti-interference performance evaluation object of the relay protection device. Analyzing and knowing the anti-interference performance aiming at different interference patterns, and definitely evaluating the aim;
step two: establishing an anti-interference performance evaluation index system of the relay protection device;
step three: researching an anti-interference performance evaluation method of a relay protection device;
step four: and carrying out simulation test to obtain data, and sorting and analyzing the evaluation result.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the advantages that the method is strong in operability, easy to implement and accurate in obtained result, and the maintenance scheme can be optimized through the result, so that the reliability of the system is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a relay protection anti-electromagnetic interference evaluation index system and an evaluation method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an anti-electromagnetic interference evaluation index system of relay protection in the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a relay protection anti-electromagnetic interference evaluation index system and an evaluation method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, where the method includes:
step one, analyzing an anti-interference performance evaluation object of the relay protection device. And analyzing and knowing the anti-interference performance aiming at different interference patterns, and definitely evaluating.
In combination with the electromagnetic compatibility test standard (GB/T14598.26-2015) that the operating conditions of the relay protection device under the actual operating environment are related to the current relay protection device, the electromagnetic environments in which the relay protection device may be located are divided into the following 10 types:
(1) environment of radiation electromagnetic field
(2) Electrostatic discharge environment
(3) Radio frequency field induced conducted disturbance environment
(4) Fast transient environment
(5) Surge environment
(6) Power frequency environment
(7) Power frequency magnetic field environment
(8) Pulsed magnetic field environment
(9) Damped oscillatory magnetic field environment
(10) Pulse train environment
And step two, establishing an anti-interference performance evaluation index system of the relay protection device. On the basis of evaluation content analysis, the dependency relationship among all indexes is analyzed, and a system and subsystem performance evaluation index system is established according to hierarchical relationships such as functions, structures, logics and the like in combination with the purpose of evaluation. And classifying various indexes, such as action characteristics, tolerance performance and the like, and providing reference for index calculation. The opinions of related scientific research personnel, field experts and related business departments are widely solicited so as to ensure the reasonability and feasibility of an index system.
As shown in fig. 2, the system evaluates the anti-electromagnetic interference performance of the relay protection device from 3 aspects of the operating characteristics, the tolerance performance and the data content change rate when the relay protection device is interfered.
1. Characteristics of motion
This is a characteristic that the operation of the relay protection device changes when the relay protection device is disturbed. The method mainly comprises 2 indexes of action time variation and action precision variation.
(1) Time variation value of motion
The difference value between the time taken by the protection device to act when the protection device is interfered by some external interference and the time taken by the protection device to act when the protection device is not interfered.
(2) Change value of motion precision
The deviation between the action value and the setting value of the protection device when the protection device is subjected to certain external interference.
2. Resistance performance
The relay protection device has the capability of not generating faults under certain electromagnetic environment. Mainly comprises 2 indexes of tolerance strength and tolerance time.
(1) Strength of resistance
The protection device is subjected to certain external interference, and the device can keep normal operation in a specified time period without the maximum interference intensity of failure.
(2) Endurance time
The protection device is subjected to certain external interference, the device can keep normal operation under the specified interference condition, and the maximum bearing time of faults does not occur.
3. Rate of change of data content
The phenomenon that data content changes in aspects of storage, transmission and the like when the relay protection device receives interference is indicated. The method mainly comprises 3 indexes of bit error rate, transmission data change rate and storage data change rate.
(1) Error rate
When the protection device is interfered by some external interference, the error codes in data transmission account for the percentage of the total number of transmission codes.
(2) Rate of change of transmitted data
When the protection device is subjected to certain external interference, the number of data pieces changed in data transmission accounts for the percentage of the total number of transmitted data pieces.
(3) Rate of change of stored data
When the protection device is subjected to certain external interference, the number of data pieces which change during data storage accounts for the percentage of the total number of stored data pieces.
And step three, researching an anti-interference performance evaluation method of the relay protection device. And (4) confirming the index weight by analyzing the importance degree and the influence degree of each layer of index. Then, according to different acquisition methods of the bottom layer indexes, calculation methods of different types of indexes are researched. The calculated bottom layer indexes need to be subjected to non-dimensionalization so as to be convenient for mutual comparison among the indexes. And finally, obtaining evaluation results of evaluation indexes of different levels through comprehensive calculation of the bottom layer indexes.
The invention aims to select an objective weighting method entropy value method and a subjective weighting method G1 method, and combines the results of the two methods to obtain the comprehensive weight, so that the weighting calculation result is more credible and accurate.
1.G1 method
The G1 method is also called as a sequencing relation analysis method, and the idea is that experts can perform index factor set { x } according to the evaluation criterion of the relay protection device1,x2,…xmSorting according to importance, firstly, letting experts in an index set { x }1,x2,…xmSelecting the one considered most important as x1 *And continuing to select one index which is considered to be most important from the rest m-1 indexes as x2 *And by analogy, after m-1 times of selection, the final rest evaluation index is marked as
This uniquely defines an order relationship:
setting expert about evaluation index
And
is a ratio of the degree of importance of
The rational judgment is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
Assignment reference table
Wherein:
the final weight is:
2. improved entropy method
The calculation of the improved entropy method assumes that the evaluation index set has m factors, and n experts give weights to each factor, so that a weight matrix F is obtained:
rijthe weighting value of the ith index is represented by the jth expert, wherein i is 1,2, … m, j is 1,2, … n, the entropy calculation of the weighting value of each column is firstly carried out, namely, the entropy value of the weighting value assigned to the m indexes by a certain expert is solved, and
the formula for column entropy is:
Hjthe entropy of the weights assigned to the m indices by the jth expert is indicated. When the column entropy value is larger, the utility value brought by the weight provided by the expert is small, and the column entropy value is discarded. For this purpose, we need to set a threshold, and discard the experts greater than this threshold to give weight, rootFrom expert experience we round the value at which the column entropy is the largest. It is assumed that weights assigned by experts greater than the threshold are discarded, and there are also weights assigned by q experts. The weight matrix F' is reconstructed accordingly:
the entropy of each row of the matrix, that is, the entropy of the weighted value of q experts on a certain index, is called row entropy. Before the row entropy is calculated, the weight of each row of F' is normalized:
so that
Wherein i is 1,2, … m, j is 1,2, … q. From this, the row entropy H can be obtainedi：
When H is presentiThe larger the result is, the higher the authorization rate and the higher the accuracy rate of q experts do not disagree with the assigned weight value of the ith index, which means that the ith index does not cause larger error of the evaluation result, otherwise, the larger the error of the evaluation result is, so HiThe larger the index i is, the more important the index i is. The standard deviation of the ith row is calculated:
wherein
If σiThe larger the value of (A) represents that the experts have a greater divergence from the same index, the weight of the index may beCan be inaccurate, the weight of the index should be reduced. According to standard deviation σiSum row entropy HiThe final index weight obtained should be:
wherein u isiIs the average of the index q experts on index i.
3. Combining the weights of the 2 methods to obtain the final result
Here, the result synthesis is performed by using a linear weighting method:
wi＝αai+(1-α)bi，(0≤α≤1) (11)
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
wia combination weight representing an ith index;
ai，bithe weights of the G1 method and the modified entropy method are respectively.
The above evaluation method is demonstrated and explained below by specific examples:
a, B regional power grid relay protection devices are selected as examples of comparative analysis and calculation, and the relay protection evaluation index system is further explained in detail. The selected protection is in service in the same batch, is applied to a 220kV system, is in a radiation electromagnetic field environment, and selects relay protection devices of different manufacturers. The evaluation analysis calculation of the anti-electromagnetic interference performance is carried out based on the power grid protection data of the area A, and the analysis result of the power grid protection of the area B can be obtained in the same way. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) evaluation and analysis of anti-electromagnetic interference index of power grid protection in area A
Based on a relay protection anti-electromagnetic interference evaluation index system, typical bottom layer indexes selected under dimensionality in the evaluation of the power grid protection anti-electromagnetic interference dimensionality indexes in the area A, standard value ranges determined according to related data and protection measured values are shown in a table 2:
TABLE 2 Relay protection anti-electromagnetic interference index parameter table
(1) Obtaining the bottom layer index score according to the measured value
According to the reference data shown in table 2, the index score values are obtained as shown in table 3:
TABLE 3A regional relay protection anti-electromagnetic interference bottom layer index score value
(2) Weight calculation by G1 method
These 5 indices { x are known1X is a value of change in operation time2Tolerance strength, x3Tolerance time, x4Error rate, x5Transmission data rate of change };
the 5 indexes are listed by experts according to experience from big to small in sequence: { x1≥x4≥x2≥x5≥x3}；
Then, the experts compare the indexes pairwise to judge and take the average value of the indexes, and the results shown in the following table are obtained:
TABLE 4G 1 method bottom layer index importance ratio
According to the formula (3), the weight value of the index calculated by the G1 method is as follows:
TABLE 5G 1 method for calculating weight value of index
(3) Improved entropy method for calculating weight
The index number m is 5, expert n is 5, and the weight matrix F is:
the largest, reconstructed weight matrix F' is discarded after the column entropy of 5 experts is obtained from equation (6):
current row entropy HiThe larger the result is, the higher the authorization rate and the higher the accuracy rate of q experts do not disagree with the assigned weight value of the ith index, which means that the ith index does not cause larger error of the evaluation result, otherwise, the larger the error of the evaluation result is, so HiThe larger the index i is, the more important the index i is.
From the formulae (8), (9) and (10) the row entropy H can be derivediStandard deviation σiMean value uiThe index weight wiAs shown in table 6:
TABLE 6 improved entropy method anti-electromagnetic interference index calculation result table
(4) Linear weighting to obtain final weights
Here, since both methods are considered to be equally important, the final weight obtained by assuming that α of equation (11) is 0.5 is:
TABLE 7 final weight of anti-electromagnetic interference bottom layer index
(5) Obtaining the final anti-electromagnetic interference score of the relay protection device
p＝T1s1+T2s2+…+Tmsm (12)
p scoring of the underlying indicators of electromagnetic interference resistance, si(i-1, 2, … m) is an expert fingerThe index i evaluates the weight. Calculating the value P of the final evaluation of the relay protection device in the area A to 83.8752;
similarly, the final relay protection anti-electromagnetic interference score can be calculated according to the anti-electromagnetic interference bottom layer index score value of the B area as follows:
TABLE 8B regional relay protection anti-electromagnetic interference bottom layer index score value
And (4) calculating the score P of the last B area relay protection device for evaluating the electromagnetic interference resistance, which is 86.1337.
The relay protection device in the area B can be better in anti-electromagnetic interference performance, and the anti-electromagnetic interference performance of relay protection in the area A needs to be focused so as to avoid accidents.
It is noted that those skilled in the art will recognize that embodiments of the present invention are not described in detail herein.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and all equivalent changes and modifications based on the technical solutions of the present invention should not be excluded from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A relay protection anti-electromagnetic interference evaluation index system and an evaluation method are characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: analyzing an anti-interference performance evaluation object of the relay protection device; analyzing and knowing the anti-interference performance aiming at different interference patterns, and definitely evaluating the aim;
step two: establishing an anti-interference performance evaluation index system of the relay protection device;
step three: researching an anti-interference performance evaluation method of a relay protection device;
step four: and carrying out simulation test to obtain data, and sorting and analyzing the evaluation result.
2. The relay protection maintainability assessment indicator system and assessment method according to claim 1, wherein: the first step divides the electromagnetic environment in which the relay protection device may be located into the following 10 types:
(1) a radiating electromagnetic field environment;
(2) an electrostatic discharge environment;
(3) a conducted disturbance environment induced by a radio frequency field;
(4) a fast transient environment;
(5) a surge environment;
(6) a power frequency environment;
(7) a power frequency magnetic field environment;
(8) a pulsed magnetic field environment;
(9) a damped oscillating magnetic field environment;
(10) a burst environment.
3. The relay protection maintainability assessment indicator system and assessment method according to claim 1, wherein: the second step provides an anti-electromagnetic interference index of the relay protection, and establishes an anti-electromagnetic interference index system of the relay protection;
the system evaluates the anti-electromagnetic interference performance of the relay protection device from 3 aspects of the action characteristic, the tolerance performance and the data content change rate when the relay protection device is interfered;
3.1 operating characteristics
The characteristic that when the relay protection device is interfered, the action of the device can change; the method mainly comprises 2 indexes of action time variation and action precision variation;
(1) time variation value of motion
The difference value of the time taken by the protection device to act when the protection device is interfered by some external interference and the time taken by the protection device to act when the protection device is not interfered is indicated;
(2) change value of motion precision
Deviation between an action value and a setting value of the protection device when the protection device is subjected to certain external interference;
3.2 resistance Properties
The relay protection device has the capability of not generating faults under certain electromagnetic environment; mainly comprises 2 indexes of tolerance strength and tolerance time;
(1) strength of resistance
The protection device is subjected to certain external interference, the device can keep normal operation in a specified time period, and the maximum interference intensity of failure is avoided;
(2) endurance time
The protection device is subjected to certain external interference, the device can keep normal operation under the specified interference condition, and the maximum bearing time of failure does not occur;
3.3 data content Change Rate
When the relay protection device receives interference, the data content changes in the aspects of storage, transmission and the like; the method mainly comprises 3 indexes of bit error rate, transmission data change rate and storage data change rate;
(1) error rate
When the protection device is interfered by a certain external interference, the error code in the data transmission accounts for the percentage of the total transmission code number;
(2) rate of change of transmitted data
When the protection device is subjected to certain external interference, the number of data pieces changed in data transmission accounts for the percentage of the total number of the transmitted data pieces;
(3) rate of change of stored data
When the protection device is subjected to certain external interference, the number of data pieces which change during data storage accounts for the percentage of the total number of stored data pieces.
4. The relay protection maintainability assessment indicator system and assessment method according to claim 1, wherein: in the third step and the fourth step, according to engineering practice, evaluation indexes with representative significance are selected as calculated bottom indexes, the bottom indexes are weighted according to importance of the bottom indexes, and finally evaluation scores of the electromagnetic interference resistance of the relay protection are calculated by combining protection actual operation data, historical data in evaluation analysis reports, reference values provided in relevant documents and the like;
the method is characterized in that: firstly, selecting bottom layer indexes with typical meanings according to actual requirements in a relay protection anti-electromagnetic interference index system, and using 5 indexes of a pseudo-action time change value, tolerance strength, tolerance time, an error rate and a transmission data change rate as typical bottom layer indexes in an anti-electromagnetic interference evaluation index system; secondly, weighting is carried out on the indexes according to the importance degrees of the indexes, a more objective improved entropy method and a G1 method with stronger subjectivity are selected, and the results calculated by the two methods are combined to obtain comprehensive weight, so that the weighting calculation result is more credible and accurate; and finally, determining the measured value of the typical bottom layer index according to a batch of data of the current actual power grid protection operation, searching related reference data to determine the standard value of the typical bottom layer index, converting the measured value of the current batch of indexes into a score value by comparing the standard value with the measured value, and calculating the final relay protection anti-electromagnetic interference index value by combining with the empowerment result of the typical index.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000175346A (en) * | 1998-12-08 | 2000-06-23 | Toshiba Corp | Overcurrent relay coordination device |
| CN106199258A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-12-07 | 国网上海市电力公司 | A kind of microcomputer protective relay Auto-Test System |
| CN110334817A (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2019-10-15 | 华北电力大学 | A kind of relay protection maintainability distribution index system and appraisal procedure |
| WO2023035499A1 (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2023-03-16 | 国网上海市电力公司 | Method and system for comprehensive evaluation of resilience of power distribution network |
-
2021
- 2021-04-21 CN CN202110429363.7A patent/CN113283698A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000175346A (en) * | 1998-12-08 | 2000-06-23 | Toshiba Corp | Overcurrent relay coordination device |
| CN106199258A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-12-07 | 国网上海市电力公司 | A kind of microcomputer protective relay Auto-Test System |
| CN110334817A (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2019-10-15 | 华北电力大学 | A kind of relay protection maintainability distribution index system and appraisal procedure |
| WO2023035499A1 (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2023-03-16 | 国网上海市电力公司 | Method and system for comprehensive evaluation of resilience of power distribution network |
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| Title |
|---|
| 张真: "继电保护评估指标体系及多维度评估研究", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 工程科技II辑》, no. 03, 15 March 2018 (2018-03-15), pages 042 - 2361 * |
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