CN113281772A - Highly integrated visible light wave band space debris detection system - Google Patents
Highly integrated visible light wave band space debris detection system Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/66—Tracking systems using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/89—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
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Abstract
The highly integrated visible light waveband space debris detection system has the characteristics of modularization, integration, simple input/output interface, high positioning precision and the like, can realize image acquisition and processing and astronomical positioning of all targets on images, can be laid on a new tracking rotary table, can also be installed on an existing tracking rotary table, and is a space debris detection system with high integration and modularization degree and high cost performance. The system can be almost installed at any station, can realize automatic detection and astronomical positioning of space debris in the detection range, receiving of control commands, uploading of detection system states and observation data, and can be placed in areas with good weather and day light conditions, high altitude, large temperature difference, poor matching conditions and poor living conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of space debris detection, and particularly relates to a highly integrated visible light waveband space debris detection system which has the characteristics of modularization, integration, simple input/output interface, high positioning precision and the like, can realize image acquisition and processing, can position all targets on an image astronomically, can be arranged on a new tracking rotary table, can also be arranged on an existing tracking rotary table, and is a space debris detection system with high integration and modularization degree and high cost performance.
Background
In many fields such as scientific research, military affairs and the like, the space debris needs to be monitored, so that the position and the change of the space debris in the sky at each moment are given, the operation orbit of the space debris is determined, the accurate information of the space debris is obtained, and the safety of the in-orbit spacecraft is guaranteed.
The invention of CCD replaces the traditional photographic observation and becomes one of the effective means for monitoring the space debris. Due to the increase of human aerospace activities, space debris in space is more and more, the space debris larger than 1 cm reaches tens of thousands, even hundreds of thousands and hundreds of thousands in the future, and the safety of the in-orbit working spacecraft is threatened. In order to obtain information about these space debris, it must be observed.
At present, two modes of angle measurement and distance measurement are mainly used for the accurate measurement of passive space debris. The angular observation of the space target is to use the optical subsystem of the optical telescope to collect the sunlight reflected by the space target, the detector subsystem to convert the photons into electrons and digital images, and the image processing subsystem to complete the image processing, the detection and the positioning of the moving target, thereby completing the precise angle measurement of the space target in the visible light band.
For passive space debris ranging measurement, two modes of laser ranging and radar ranging are available. The working principle of laser ranging is that laser is emitted to space through an emission subsystem of an optical telescope, a part of light of the laser beam after encountering space debris is reflected to a receiving subsystem of the optical telescope, and when the number of received photons reaches a certain threshold, the detection of the space debris is completed. And calculating the round trip time of laser emission and laser reception to obtain the distance between the optical telescope and the space debris. The radar ranging has the working principle that electromagnetic wave signals sent to a space have part of energy received by a radar receiver after encountering space debris, and when the transmitted echo signals exceed a certain threshold voltage value, the radar receiver completes the detection of the space debris. And calculating the round trip time of the transmitted wave and the reflected wave to obtain the distance between the radar and the space debris. The radar ranging and the laser ranging are active detection, are not influenced by weather and day light and are all-weather and all-day detection equipment; the latter is affected by weather and daylight and is not an all-weather detection device.
The traditional space debris optical detection system has the following characteristics:
1. the space debris detection system consists of an optical system, a detector and an image acquisition and processing part, and is independent of each other;
2. the detector does not have the function of accurate timing, and is only responsible for converting photons collected by the optical system into electrons and converting the electrons into digital images;
3. the image acquisition and processing control detector acquires an image and receives the image; receiving time data (provided by a time system) and code disc data (provided by a servo system) of an external input fixed frequency (such as 20Hz, 50Hz or 100 Hz); obtaining time and code disc data corresponding to the exposure center moment through interpolation; or receiving the time and code disc data which are sent by a latch (receiving the code disc data of the time data machine with fixed frequency, the exposure square wave signal output by the detector and the time and code disc data corresponding to the exposure center time and are consistent with the image sampling frequency and the exposure center time);
4. the coupling among the components is high, and the independence is weak;
5. the length of a data transmission line between the detector and the image acquisition and processing is limited, or the structure needs to be prolonged;
6. the image acquisition and processing is usually an industrial control computer, is bulky, has requirements on the ambient temperature, and is usually installed in a cabinet of a room.
Therefore, the traditional optical detection system can not meet the development requirement of space debris cataloging, a highly integrated visible light waveband space debris detection system is provided on the basis of the background, the system realizes accurate latching of image exposure center time and code disc data through integration of a detector, image acquisition and moving target detection and positioning, and solves the problems of time and image asynchronism caused by different processing programs of latching of the image exposure center time and image acquisition of the traditional visible light detection system, frame error caused by close exposure time and image acquisition period caused by real-time performance of an operating system and inconsistency caused by data interaction between different programs. The device receives a second signal and a second data packet which are input from the outside and a code disc data packet with fixed frequency through a serial port, and realizes data exchange with the outside through a network port. The system has simple input and output (1 DC power supply, two serial ports and 1 network port), and is a space debris detection system with high integration degree, high safety, high positioning precision and high cost performance. The system for detecting the space debris in the visible light wave band with the medium caliber can be arranged in areas with good weather and day light conditions, high altitude, large temperature difference, poor matching conditions and poor living conditions. The long-focus and short-focus double-focus medium-caliber visible light band space debris detection system can be used for night observation and daytime observation, and is a full-time space target detection system.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a highly integrated visible light waveband space debris detection system which has the characteristics of modularization, integration, simple input/output interface, high positioning precision and the like, can realize image acquisition and processing, can position all targets on an image astronomically, can be arranged on a new tracking turntable, can also be arranged on an existing tracking turntable, and is a space debris detection system with high integration and modularization degree and high cost performance. The system can be almost installed at any station, and can realize automatic detection and astronomical positioning of space debris in the detection range, receiving of control commands, uploading of detection system states and observation data.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a highly integrated visible band space debris detection system, comprising: the system comprises an optical subsystem and a detection processing subsystem, wherein the optical subsystem can realize space debris observation at night or all day around, and the detection processing subsystem realizes image acquisition and processing and astronomical positioning of all targets on an image according to observation data of the optical subsystem; in the detection processing subsystem, a detection part and an acquisition processing part share a non-embedded system platform.
In order to optimize the technical scheme, the specific measures adopted further comprise:
furthermore, the optical subsystem comprises a visible light wave band optical lens barrel and a focusing and image surface rotating component, the visible light wave band optical lens barrel realizes space debris observation at night or all day around, the focusing and image surface rotating component has an electric focusing and controlling function and an image surface rotating and controlling function, and the focusing and image surface rotating component receives focusing data sent by the detection processing subsystem through a serial port and controls the despinning focusing component to operate.
Furthermore, the detection processing subsystem receives observation data of the optical subsystem through a serial port, receives fixed frequency time data and fixed frequency code disc data input from the outside through the serial port, receives a control command sent from the outside through a network port, and sends the observation data and the state of the whole detection system to the outside.
Furthermore, the detection processing subsystem comprises a camera as a detection part and a processing computer as an acquisition processing part, wherein the processing computer is provided with a camera control unit and a target detection and positioning unit.
Further, the camera control unit sets camera working parameters and receives a camera control command sent by the target detection and positioning unit; the camera control unit receives fixed frequency code disc data sent by the outside through a serial port and is used for recording the code disc data of the exposure center moment, and the camera control unit also receives a time data packet and a second signal sent by the outside through the serial port, controls the camera to work, records the exposure center moment, and finishes the acquisition of the image exposure center moment and the storage of the code disc data; the camera control unit collects images according to the requirements of the target detection and positioning unit and sends the images and the corresponding time marks to the target detection and positioning unit through the network port; the target detection and positioning unit receives a control command sent from the outside through the network port, completes the detection and positioning of the moving target, and sends the observation data and the state of the whole detection system to the outside.
Further, the camera is a CCD camera or an SCMOS camera.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the space debris detection system has the characteristics of modularization, integration, simple input/output interface, high positioning accuracy and the like, can realize image acquisition and processing and astronomical positioning of all targets on an image, can be arranged on a new tracking turntable or an existing tracking turntable, has a tracking or searching function according to the size of a visible light optical field of view, and is a space debris detection system with high integration and modularization degree and high cost performance. The invention is suitable for areas with good weather and day light conditions, high altitude, large temperature difference, poor matching conditions and poor living conditions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the highly integrated system for detecting space debris in visible light band provided by the present invention includes the following components: an optical subsystem and a detection processing subsystem. These two sections mate to enable spatial debris detection in the visible band, as described more optimally and in more detail below.
An optical subsystem
The optical subsystem consists of a visible light waveband optical lens barrel and a focusing and image surface rotating component and has the following functions:
the visible light wave band optical lens barrel realizes target observation at night or in the day and night;
electric focusing and control functions;
image surface rotation and control functions;
and receiving focusing data sent by the target detection and positioning subsystem through a serial port, and controlling a despinning focusing component to operate.
Second, detecting and processing subsystem
The detector processing subsystem consists of two parts, namely hardware and software, wherein the hardware comprises a CCD camera or an SCMOS camera and a processing computer; the software aspect is composed of camera control software and target detection and positioning software, and has the following functions.
Camera control software sets camera working parameters;
the camera control software can receive a camera control command sent by the target detection and positioning software;
the camera control software receives code disc data of fixed frequency sent from the outside through a serial port;
the camera control software receives a time data packet and a second signal sent from the outside through a serial port;
the camera control software finishes the storage of the time of the image exposure center and the code disc data;
the camera control software collects images according to the requirements of the target detection and positioning software and sends the images and the corresponding time identification to the target detection and positioning software through the network port;
the target detection and positioning software receives a control command sent from the outside through the network port, completes the detection and positioning of the moving target, and sends the observation data and the state of the whole detection system to the outside.
In summary, the invention solves the problems of asynchronous image and time identification, limited data transmission length, complex connection and the like caused by different reasons at different moments of the image exposure center of the traditional visible light detection system by integrating the detector, the image acquisition, the moving target detection and the positioning into a whole aiming at the defects of the existing optical telescope, has the function of tracking or searching according to the size of the visible light optical field of view, and is a space debris detection system with high integration and modularization degree, high cost performance and wide application. When the optical subsystem of the system adopts a medium-small caliber optical system, the whole machine has light weight and high integration degree, can be arranged on a new tracking rotary table and can also be arranged on the existing tracking rotary table, and can be conveniently transported and arranged in areas with good weather and day light conditions, high altitude, large temperature difference, poor matching conditions and poor living conditions. When the optical subsystem of the system adopts a long-short double-focal-length medium-caliber optical system, night observation and daytime observation can be realized.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A highly integrated visible band space debris detection system, comprising: the system comprises an optical subsystem and a detection processing subsystem, wherein the optical subsystem can realize space debris observation at night or all day around, and the detection processing subsystem realizes image acquisition and processing and astronomical positioning of all targets on an image according to observation data of the optical subsystem; in the detection processing subsystem, a detection part and an acquisition processing part share a non-embedded system platform.
2. A highly integrated visible band space debris detection system according to claim 1, wherein: the optical subsystem comprises a visible light wave band optical lens barrel and a focusing and image surface rotating component, the visible light wave band optical lens barrel realizes space debris observation at night or all day around, the focusing and image surface rotating component has an electric focusing and controlling function and an image surface rotating and controlling function, and the focusing and image surface rotating component receives focusing data sent by the detection processing subsystem through a serial port and controls a despinning focusing component to operate.
3. A highly integrated visible band space debris detection system according to claim 1, wherein: the detection processing subsystem receives observation data of the optical subsystem through a serial port, receives fixed frequency time data and fixed frequency code disc data input from the outside through the serial port, receives a control command sent from the outside through a network port, and sends the observation data and the state of the whole detection system to the outside.
4. A highly integrated visible band space debris detection system according to claim 3, wherein: the detection processing subsystem comprises a camera serving as a detection part and a processing computer serving as an acquisition processing part, wherein a camera control unit and a target detection and positioning unit are arranged in the processing computer.
5. The highly integrated visible band space debris detection system of claim 4, wherein: the camera control unit sets camera working parameters and receives a camera control command sent by the target detection and positioning unit; the camera control unit receives fixed frequency code disc data sent by the outside through a serial port and is used for recording the code disc data of the exposure center moment, and the camera control unit also receives a time data packet and a second signal sent by the outside through the serial port, controls the camera to work, records the exposure center moment, and finishes the acquisition of the image exposure center moment and the storage of the code disc data; the camera control unit collects images according to the requirements of the target detection and positioning unit and sends the images and the corresponding time marks to the target detection and positioning unit through the network port; the target detection and positioning unit receives a control command sent from the outside through the network port, completes the detection and positioning of the moving target, and sends the observation data and the state of the whole detection system to the outside.
6. The highly integrated visible band space debris detection system of claim 4, wherein: the camera is a CCD camera or an SCMOS camera.
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