CN113280345A - Method for generating electricity by coupling high-temperature melting and harmless treatment of waste fly ash with incineration - Google Patents
Method for generating electricity by coupling high-temperature melting and harmless treatment of waste fly ash with incineration Download PDFInfo
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- CN113280345A CN113280345A CN202110712553.XA CN202110712553A CN113280345A CN 113280345 A CN113280345 A CN 113280345A CN 202110712553 A CN202110712553 A CN 202110712553A CN 113280345 A CN113280345 A CN 113280345A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/30—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a fluidised bed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
- F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
- F23J15/025—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow using filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
- F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
- F23J15/027—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow using cyclone separators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for coupling incineration power generation with high-temperature melting harmless treatment of garbage fly ash, which is characterized in that garbage fly ash collected from flue gas generated by a fluidized bed garbage incinerator is mixed with a carbon-containing material and a binder and is extruded and molded, the molded mixture enters a high-temperature melting gasification furnace for high-temperature gasification reaction, ash obtained by high-temperature melting is quenched to form a vitreous body, heavy metals can be permanently solidified in the vitreous body, and simultaneously decomposition of dioxin is realized in high-temperature reducing atmosphere, so that the harmless treatment of the fly ash is realized; the high-temperature fuel gas generated in the high-temperature gasification process is fed into the fluidized bed garbage incinerator, and the stable combustion of the fluidized bed garbage incinerator is enhanced by the aid of combustion supporting of the gas fuel. The method solves the problems that the traditional fluidized bed garbage incinerator needs to mix combustion-supporting fuels such as coal or semicoke for stable combustion, and the flue gas brings large fly ash amount and is difficult to treat, and provides a more optimized method for garbage power generation of the fluidized bed incinerator.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, in particular to a method for generating electricity by coupling high-temperature melting and harmless treatment of waste fly ash with incineration.
Background
With the rapid development of urbanization in China and the increasing improvement of the living standard of people, the generation amount of municipal domestic waste is rapidly increased. At present, in order to realize harmless, reduction and resource treatment of garbage in China, a part of garbage with low heat value is burnt by a circulating fluidized bed incinerator to obtain combustible flue gas and then is burnt to generate power. When the circulating fluidized bed incinerator is used for incinerating garbage, because the garbage has low heat value and is difficult to burn independently, coal, semicoke and even fuel oil are needed as a combustion improver to realize stable combustion, and the process characteristic of the circulating fluidized bed incinerator causes large garbage fly ash amount brought out from combustible flue gas, which is usually 10% -20% of the garbage incineration amount.
The garbage fly ash contains various harmful heavy metal substances and salts such as Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr and the like, wherein: the soluble salt mainly comprising chlorides such as Na, Ca, K and the like accounts for about 15-25%, heavy metal elements such as Cr, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb and the like and dioxin harmful substances cannot be naturally degraded, are extremely easy to be enriched in organisms and finally harm human health through a biological chain. At present, fly ash is regarded as dangerous solid waste and needs to be harmlessly recycled. Therefore, how to safely and effectively dispose the waste incineration fly ash becomes an environmental and social problem which needs to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for generating electricity by coupling high-temperature melting and harmless treatment of garbage fly ash with incineration, so that the problems that the conventional fluidized bed garbage incinerator needs to be doped with combustion-supporting fuels such as coal or semicoke for stable combustion, and the fly ash amount brought by smoke is large and difficult to treat can be solved.
The method comprises the steps of uniformly mixing garbage fly ash obtained after garbage incineration with a carbonaceous material and a binder, then carrying out extrusion forming, adding the formed mixture into a high-temperature melting gasification furnace for treatment, thus obtaining high-temperature fuel gas and high-temperature molten slag, directly recycling the high-temperature fuel gas as fuel gas to a circulating fluidized bed garbage incinerator for combustion-supporting power generation, replacing coal to achieve a stable combustion effect, and carrying out quenching on the high-temperature molten slag to obtain a vitreous body.
As a further improvement of the above solution, the method comprises the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting: purifying and dedusting smoke obtained after burning garbage in a fluidized bed garbage incinerator by a filter, an electrostatic precipitator and a cyclone separator to obtain garbage fly ash;
step two: mixing materials: fully mixing 100 parts of garbage fly ash, 20-80 parts of carbon-containing material and 0-5 parts of binder;
step three: molding: extruding and molding the mixture obtained in the second step by a molding machine;
step four: high-temperature melting gasification: putting the mixture extruded and formed in the third step into a high-temperature melting gasification furnace, and carrying out high-temperature melting gasification treatment at a certain temperature t to obtain high-temperature fuel gas and high-temperature molten slag;
step five: and (3) recovering: and recovering the high-temperature fuel gas obtained in the step four as combustion gas to the fluidized bed garbage incinerator, and quenching the high-temperature slag to obtain a vitreous body, so that harmless treatment is realized.
As a further improvement of the above scheme, in the second step, the carbonaceous material is at least one of coal, biomass and semicoke.
As a further improvement of the above scheme, in the second step, the binder is at least one of clay, bentonite, kaolin, lime, coal pitch, coal tar, starch, and lignocellulose.
As a further improvement of the above scheme, the particle size of the mixture obtained in the second step is 5-50mm, and the unit calorific value is more than 2500 kcal/kg.
As a further improvement of the scheme, the temperature t of the fourth step is 1400-1600 ℃.
As a further improvement of the above scheme, the temperature of the high-temperature fuel gas obtained in the fourth step is 400 ℃ to 600 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the prior art, the method for generating electricity by coupling the garbage flying ash through high-temperature melting and innocent treatment with incineration comprises the steps of mixing the garbage flying ash collected from smoke generated by a fluidized bed garbage incinerator with a carbon-containing material and a binder, carrying out extrusion forming, carrying out high-temperature gasification reaction on the formed mixture in a high-temperature melting gasification furnace, quenching ash obtained through high-temperature melting to form a vitreous body, permanently solidifying heavy metals in the vitreous body, and simultaneously realizing decomposition of dioxin in a high-temperature reducing atmosphere so as to realize innocent treatment of the flying ash; the high-temperature fuel gas generated in the high-temperature gasification process is fed into the fluidized bed garbage incinerator, and the stable combustion of the fluidized bed garbage incinerator is enhanced by the aid of combustion supporting of the gas fuel.
In conclusion, the method solves the problems that the traditional fluidized bed garbage incinerator needs to mix combustion-supporting fuels such as coal or semicoke for stable combustion, and the fly ash amount brought by the flue gas is large and difficult to treat, and provides a more optimized method for garbage power generation of the fluidized bed incinerator.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is provided in conjunction with the appended drawings:
example 1
Referring to fig. 1, a method for coupling waste fly ash high-temperature melting harmless treatment with incineration power generation comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting: purifying and dedusting smoke obtained after burning garbage in a fluidized bed garbage incinerator by a bag filter, an electrostatic precipitator and a cyclone separator to obtain garbage fly ash;
step two: mixing materials: fully mixing 100 parts of garbage fly ash, 20 parts of coal and 1 part of clay, bentonite, kaolin and lime mixture;
step three: molding: extruding and molding the mixture obtained in the second step by a molding machine;
step four: and (3) gasification: putting the mixture extruded and formed in the third step into a high-temperature melting gasification furnace, and carrying out gasification treatment at 1400 ℃ to obtain high-temperature slag and 460 ℃ high-temperature fuel gas;
step five: and (3) recovering: and recovering the high-temperature fuel gas obtained in the step four as combustion gas to the fluidized bed garbage incinerator, and quenching the high-temperature slag to obtain a vitreous body, so that harmless treatment is realized.
Wherein: the particle size of the mixture in the second step is 5-50mm, and the unit calorific value is more than 2500 kcal/kg.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 1, a method for coupling waste fly ash high-temperature melting harmless treatment with incineration power generation comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting: purifying and dedusting smoke obtained after burning garbage in a fluidized bed garbage incinerator by a bag filter, an electrostatic precipitator and a cyclone separator to obtain garbage fly ash;
step two: mixing materials: fully mixing 100 parts of garbage fly ash, 50 parts of carbon-containing material and 3 parts of coal pitch, coal tar, starch and lignocellulose;
step three: molding: extruding and molding the mixture obtained in the second step by a molding machine;
step four: and (3) gasification: putting the mixture extruded and formed in the third step into a high-temperature melting gasification furnace, and carrying out gasification treatment at 1500 ℃ to obtain high-temperature slag and 515 ℃ high-temperature fuel gas;
step five: and (3) recovering: and recovering the high-temperature fuel gas obtained in the step four as combustion gas to the fluidized bed garbage incinerator, and quenching the high-temperature slag to obtain a vitreous body, so that harmless treatment is realized.
Wherein: the particle size of the mixture in the second step is 5-50mm, and the unit calorific value is more than 2500 kcal/kg.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 1, a method for coupling waste fly ash high-temperature melting harmless treatment with incineration power generation comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting: purifying and dedusting smoke obtained after burning garbage in a fluidized bed garbage incinerator by a bag filter, an electrostatic precipitator and a cyclone separator to obtain garbage fly ash;
step two: mixing materials: fully mixing 100 parts of garbage fly ash, 80 parts of carbon-containing material and 5 parts of mixture of kaolin, lime, coal pitch and coal tar;
step three: molding: extruding and molding the mixture obtained in the second step by a molding machine;
step four: and (3) gasification: putting the mixture extruded and formed in the third step into a high-temperature melting gasification furnace, and carrying out gasification treatment at 1600 ℃ to obtain high-temperature slag and high-temperature fuel gas at 582 ℃;
step five: and (3) recovering: and recovering the high-temperature fuel gas obtained in the step four as combustion gas to the fluidized bed garbage incinerator, and quenching the high-temperature slag to obtain a vitreous body, so that harmless treatment is realized.
Wherein: the particle size of the mixture in the second step is 5-50mm, and the unit calorific value is more than 2500 kcal/kg.
The above embodiments are not limited to the technical solutions of the embodiments themselves, and the embodiments may be combined with each other into a new embodiment. The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limited thereto, and any modification or equivalent replacement without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for generating electricity by coupling high-temperature melting and harmless treatment of waste fly ash with incineration is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of uniformly mixing garbage fly ash obtained after garbage incineration with a carbon-containing material and a binder, then carrying out extrusion forming, adding the formed mixture into a high-temperature melting gasification furnace for treatment, thereby obtaining high-temperature fuel gas and high-temperature molten slag, directly recycling the high-temperature fuel gas as fuel gas to a circulating fluidized bed garbage incinerator for combustion supporting and power generation, replacing coal to achieve a stable combustion effect, and carrying out quenching on the high-temperature molten slag to obtain a vitreous body.
2. The method for power generation by high-temperature melting and harmless treatment coupled with incineration of waste fly ash according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting: purifying and dedusting smoke obtained after burning garbage in a fluidized bed garbage incinerator by a filter, an electrostatic precipitator and a cyclone separator to obtain garbage fly ash;
step two: mixing materials: fully mixing 100 parts of garbage fly ash, 5-80 parts of carbon-containing material and 0-5 parts of binder;
step three: molding: extruding and molding the mixture obtained in the second step by a molding machine;
step four: high-temperature melting gasification: putting the mixture extruded and formed in the third step into a high-temperature melting gasification furnace, and carrying out high-temperature melting gasification treatment at a certain temperature t to obtain high-temperature fuel gas and high-temperature molten slag;
step five: and (3) recovering: and (4) sending the high-temperature fuel gas obtained in the step four to a fluidized bed garbage incinerator as combustion gas, and quenching the high-temperature slag to obtain a vitreous body, so that harmless treatment is realized.
3. The method for power generation by high-temperature melting and harmless treatment coupled with incineration of waste fly ash according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the second step, the carbon-containing material is at least one of coal, biomass and semicoke.
4. The method for power generation by high-temperature melting and harmless treatment coupled with incineration of waste fly ash according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the second step, the binder is at least one of clay, bentonite, kaolin, lime, coal pitch, coal tar, starch and lignocellulose.
5. The method for power generation by high-temperature melting and harmless treatment coupled with incineration of waste fly ash according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the granularity of the mixture obtained in the second step is 5-50mm, and the unit calorific value is more than 2500 kcal/kg.
6. The method for power generation by high-temperature melting and harmless treatment coupled with incineration of waste fly ash according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the temperature t of the fourth step is 1400-1600 ℃.
7. The method for power generation by high-temperature melting and harmless treatment coupled with incineration of waste fly ash according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the temperature of the high-temperature fuel gas obtained in the fourth step is 400-600 ℃.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113958959A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-01-21 | 光大环保技术研究院（深圳）有限公司 | Method for controlling dioxin emission in flying ash plasma melting process |
| CN117862192A (en) * | 2024-01-19 | 2024-04-12 | 广西中玻新材料科技集团有限公司 | Low-cost garbage fly ash melting treatment process |
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| CN113280345B (en) | 2022-09-09 |
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