CN113280345A - Method for generating electricity by coupling high-temperature melting and harmless treatment of waste fly ash with incineration - Google Patents
Method for generating electricity by coupling high-temperature melting and harmless treatment of waste fly ash with incineration Download PDFInfo
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- CN113280345A CN113280345A CN202110712553.XA CN202110712553A CN113280345A CN 113280345 A CN113280345 A CN 113280345A CN 202110712553 A CN202110712553 A CN 202110712553A CN 113280345 A CN113280345 A CN 113280345A
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- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title description 8
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011280 coal tar Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012717 electrostatic precipitator Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012216 bentonite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-8-ol Chemical group C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 7
- 210000004127 vitreous body Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011300 coal pitch Substances 0.000 description 3
- KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxin Chemical compound O1C=COC=C1 KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/30—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a fluidised bed
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
- F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
- F23J15/025—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow using filters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
- F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
- F23J15/027—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow using cyclone separators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供的一种垃圾飞灰高温熔融无害化处理耦合焚烧发电的方法，从流化床垃圾焚烧炉产生的烟气中收集的垃圾飞灰，与含碳物料、粘结剂进行混合并挤压成型，成型后的混合物进入高温熔融气化炉中进行高温气化反应，经高温熔融得到的灰渣急冷后成为玻璃体，可以将重金属永久固化在玻璃体内，同时高温还原气氛也实现了二噁英的分解，使得飞灰实现了无害化处理；高温气化过程生成的高温燃气再送入流化床垃圾焚烧炉，气体燃料的助燃更强化了流化床垃圾焚烧炉的稳定燃烧。本方法解决了传统流化床垃圾焚烧炉为稳燃需掺烧煤或半焦等助燃燃料，以及烟气带出飞灰量大，难以处理的问题，为流化床焚烧炉垃圾发电提供了一种更优化的方法。
The invention provides a method for high-temperature melting and harmless treatment of waste fly ash coupled with incineration for power generation. The waste fly ash collected from the flue gas generated by a fluidized bed waste incinerator is mixed with carbon-containing materials and a binder and mixed together. Extrusion molding, the molded mixture enters the high-temperature melter-gasifier for high-temperature gasification reaction, and the ash obtained by high-temperature melting becomes a glass body after rapid cooling, which can permanently solidify heavy metals in the glass body. The decomposition of oxin makes the fly ash achieve harmless treatment; the high-temperature gas generated in the high-temperature gasification process is sent to the fluidized bed waste incinerator, and the combustion-supporting gas fuel further strengthens the stable combustion of the fluidized bed waste incinerator. The method solves the problems that traditional fluidized bed waste incinerators need to mix combustion-supporting fuels such as coal or semi-coke for stable combustion, and the large amount of fly ash brought out by flue gas is difficult to handle, and provides a solid foundation for fluidized bed incinerators to generate electricity from waste. A more optimized approach.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, in particular to a method for generating electricity by coupling high-temperature melting and harmless treatment of waste fly ash with incineration.
Background
With the rapid development of urbanization in China and the increasing improvement of the living standard of people, the generation amount of municipal domestic waste is rapidly increased. At present, in order to realize harmless, reduction and resource treatment of garbage in China, a part of garbage with low heat value is burnt by a circulating fluidized bed incinerator to obtain combustible flue gas and then is burnt to generate power. When the circulating fluidized bed incinerator is used for incinerating garbage, because the garbage has low heat value and is difficult to burn independently, coal, semicoke and even fuel oil are needed as a combustion improver to realize stable combustion, and the process characteristic of the circulating fluidized bed incinerator causes large garbage fly ash amount brought out from combustible flue gas, which is usually 10% -20% of the garbage incineration amount.
The garbage fly ash contains various harmful heavy metal substances and salts such as Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr and the like, wherein: the soluble salt mainly comprising chlorides such as Na, Ca, K and the like accounts for about 15-25%, heavy metal elements such as Cr, Cd, Hg, Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb and the like and dioxin harmful substances cannot be naturally degraded, are extremely easy to be enriched in organisms and finally harm human health through a biological chain. At present, fly ash is regarded as dangerous solid waste and needs to be harmlessly recycled. Therefore, how to safely and effectively dispose the waste incineration fly ash becomes an environmental and social problem which needs to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for generating electricity by coupling high-temperature melting and harmless treatment of garbage fly ash with incineration, so that the problems that the conventional fluidized bed garbage incinerator needs to be doped with combustion-supporting fuels such as coal or semicoke for stable combustion, and the fly ash amount brought by smoke is large and difficult to treat can be solved.
The method comprises the steps of uniformly mixing garbage fly ash obtained after garbage incineration with a carbonaceous material and a binder, then carrying out extrusion forming, adding the formed mixture into a high-temperature melting gasification furnace for treatment, thus obtaining high-temperature fuel gas and high-temperature molten slag, directly recycling the high-temperature fuel gas as fuel gas to a circulating fluidized bed garbage incinerator for combustion-supporting power generation, replacing coal to achieve a stable combustion effect, and carrying out quenching on the high-temperature molten slag to obtain a vitreous body.
As a further improvement of the above solution, the method comprises the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting: purifying and dedusting smoke obtained after burning garbage in a fluidized bed garbage incinerator by a filter, an electrostatic precipitator and a cyclone separator to obtain garbage fly ash;
step two: mixing materials: fully mixing 100 parts of garbage fly ash, 20-80 parts of carbon-containing material and 0-5 parts of binder;
step three: molding: extruding and molding the mixture obtained in the second step by a molding machine;
step four: high-temperature melting gasification: putting the mixture extruded and formed in the third step into a high-temperature melting gasification furnace, and carrying out high-temperature melting gasification treatment at a certain temperature t to obtain high-temperature fuel gas and high-temperature molten slag;
step five: and (3) recovering: and recovering the high-temperature fuel gas obtained in the step four as combustion gas to the fluidized bed garbage incinerator, and quenching the high-temperature slag to obtain a vitreous body, so that harmless treatment is realized.
As a further improvement of the above scheme, in the second step, the carbonaceous material is at least one of coal, biomass and semicoke.
As a further improvement of the above scheme, in the second step, the binder is at least one of clay, bentonite, kaolin, lime, coal pitch, coal tar, starch, and lignocellulose.
As a further improvement of the above scheme, the particle size of the mixture obtained in the second step is 5-50mm, and the unit calorific value is more than 2500 kcal/kg.
As a further improvement of the scheme, the temperature t of the fourth step is 1400-1600 ℃.
As a further improvement of the above scheme, the temperature of the high-temperature fuel gas obtained in the fourth step is 400 ℃ to 600 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the prior art, the method for generating electricity by coupling the garbage flying ash through high-temperature melting and innocent treatment with incineration comprises the steps of mixing the garbage flying ash collected from smoke generated by a fluidized bed garbage incinerator with a carbon-containing material and a binder, carrying out extrusion forming, carrying out high-temperature gasification reaction on the formed mixture in a high-temperature melting gasification furnace, quenching ash obtained through high-temperature melting to form a vitreous body, permanently solidifying heavy metals in the vitreous body, and simultaneously realizing decomposition of dioxin in a high-temperature reducing atmosphere so as to realize innocent treatment of the flying ash; the high-temperature fuel gas generated in the high-temperature gasification process is fed into the fluidized bed garbage incinerator, and the stable combustion of the fluidized bed garbage incinerator is enhanced by the aid of combustion supporting of the gas fuel.
In conclusion, the method solves the problems that the traditional fluidized bed garbage incinerator needs to mix combustion-supporting fuels such as coal or semicoke for stable combustion, and the fly ash amount brought by the flue gas is large and difficult to treat, and provides a more optimized method for garbage power generation of the fluidized bed incinerator.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is provided in conjunction with the appended drawings:
example 1
Referring to fig. 1, a method for coupling waste fly ash high-temperature melting harmless treatment with incineration power generation comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting: purifying and dedusting smoke obtained after burning garbage in a fluidized bed garbage incinerator by a bag filter, an electrostatic precipitator and a cyclone separator to obtain garbage fly ash;
step two: mixing materials: fully mixing 100 parts of garbage fly ash, 20 parts of coal and 1 part of clay, bentonite, kaolin and lime mixture;
step three: molding: extruding and molding the mixture obtained in the second step by a molding machine;
step four: and (3) gasification: putting the mixture extruded and formed in the third step into a high-temperature melting gasification furnace, and carrying out gasification treatment at 1400 ℃ to obtain high-temperature slag and 460 ℃ high-temperature fuel gas;
step five: and (3) recovering: and recovering the high-temperature fuel gas obtained in the step four as combustion gas to the fluidized bed garbage incinerator, and quenching the high-temperature slag to obtain a vitreous body, so that harmless treatment is realized.
Wherein: the particle size of the mixture in the second step is 5-50mm, and the unit calorific value is more than 2500 kcal/kg.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 1, a method for coupling waste fly ash high-temperature melting harmless treatment with incineration power generation comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting: purifying and dedusting smoke obtained after burning garbage in a fluidized bed garbage incinerator by a bag filter, an electrostatic precipitator and a cyclone separator to obtain garbage fly ash;
step two: mixing materials: fully mixing 100 parts of garbage fly ash, 50 parts of carbon-containing material and 3 parts of coal pitch, coal tar, starch and lignocellulose;
step three: molding: extruding and molding the mixture obtained in the second step by a molding machine;
step four: and (3) gasification: putting the mixture extruded and formed in the third step into a high-temperature melting gasification furnace, and carrying out gasification treatment at 1500 ℃ to obtain high-temperature slag and 515 ℃ high-temperature fuel gas;
step five: and (3) recovering: and recovering the high-temperature fuel gas obtained in the step four as combustion gas to the fluidized bed garbage incinerator, and quenching the high-temperature slag to obtain a vitreous body, so that harmless treatment is realized.
Wherein: the particle size of the mixture in the second step is 5-50mm, and the unit calorific value is more than 2500 kcal/kg.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 1, a method for coupling waste fly ash high-temperature melting harmless treatment with incineration power generation comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting: purifying and dedusting smoke obtained after burning garbage in a fluidized bed garbage incinerator by a bag filter, an electrostatic precipitator and a cyclone separator to obtain garbage fly ash;
step two: mixing materials: fully mixing 100 parts of garbage fly ash, 80 parts of carbon-containing material and 5 parts of mixture of kaolin, lime, coal pitch and coal tar;
step three: molding: extruding and molding the mixture obtained in the second step by a molding machine;
step four: and (3) gasification: putting the mixture extruded and formed in the third step into a high-temperature melting gasification furnace, and carrying out gasification treatment at 1600 ℃ to obtain high-temperature slag and high-temperature fuel gas at 582 ℃;
step five: and (3) recovering: and recovering the high-temperature fuel gas obtained in the step four as combustion gas to the fluidized bed garbage incinerator, and quenching the high-temperature slag to obtain a vitreous body, so that harmless treatment is realized.
Wherein: the particle size of the mixture in the second step is 5-50mm, and the unit calorific value is more than 2500 kcal/kg.
The above embodiments are not limited to the technical solutions of the embodiments themselves, and the embodiments may be combined with each other into a new embodiment. The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limited thereto, and any modification or equivalent replacement without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (7)
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| CN117862192A (en) * | 2024-01-19 | 2024-04-12 | 广西中玻新材料科技集团有限公司 | Low-cost garbage fly ash melting treatment process |
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