CN113279340A - Fatigue crack reinforcing structure and method for arc-shaped notch of diaphragm plate of steel bridge deck - Google Patents
Fatigue crack reinforcing structure and method for arc-shaped notch of diaphragm plate of steel bridge deck Download PDFInfo
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- CN113279340A CN113279340A CN202110640480.8A CN202110640480A CN113279340A CN 113279340 A CN113279340 A CN 113279340A CN 202110640480 A CN202110640480 A CN 202110640480A CN 113279340 A CN113279340 A CN 113279340A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D22/00—Methods or apparatus for repairing or strengthening existing bridges ; Methods or apparatus for dismantling bridges
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
- E01D19/12—Grating or flooring for bridges; Fastening railway sleepers or tracks to bridges
- E01D19/125—Grating or flooring for bridges
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D2101/00—Material constitution of bridges
- E01D2101/30—Metal
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Abstract
The invention relates to a reinforcing structure and a method for fatigue cracks at an arc-shaped notch of a transverse clapboard of a steel bridge deck. Compared with the prior art, the cold repair method has the advantages that the cold repair method of combined action of drilling crack arrest and pasting of the shape memory alloy sheet is adopted, welding residual stress is not introduced, the fatigue life of the arc-shaped notch of the diaphragm plate is obviously prolonged, and the cold repair method has the advantages of simple reinforcement method, low relative manufacturing cost, low construction difficulty, convenience and quickness in installation and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of orthotropic steel bridge deck plates, and relates to a structure and a method for reinforcing fatigue cracks at an arc-shaped notch of a transverse clapboard of a steel bridge deck plate.
Background
Orthotropic steel bridge deck slab is often used as a bridge deck structure system of a steel bridge due to the outstanding advantages of light dead weight, large bearing capacity, wide application range, short construction period and the like. Fatigue failure problems have arisen in the orthotropic plates of many early-built large-span steel bridges due to the increased traffic volume that results from the increasingly developed economics. After the fatigue failure occurs, not only can multiple diseases such as bridge deck pavement reflection cracks and pits be induced, but also the use safety of the structure can be directly influenced when the cracks are developed to a certain degree. Therefore, the method has great practical significance for repairing and reinforcing the fatigue cracks of the bridge deck slab.
The purpose of arranging the arc-shaped notch on the transverse clapboard of the orthotropic steel bridge deck is to release the restraint deformation of the transverse clapboard caused by the deflection of the longitudinal rib. However, the geometry of the arcuate opening itself also leads to stress concentrations, which lead to fatigue cracks being produced there. In addition to the stress concentration caused by the shape of the welding material, the residual stress generated during welding makes the part more likely to cause fatigue failure. Under the combined action of the factors, cracks are easy to generate and expand from the arc-shaped cuts of the diaphragm plates until the diaphragm plates are broken or the top plate is cracked, the normal operation of the structure is seriously influenced, and the service life and the safety of the bridge are obviously reduced. Research shows that the fatigue cracking phenomenon of the orthotropic steel bridge deck slab generally exists in each large bridge, and the fatigue damage at the arc-shaped notch of the diaphragm plate accounts for a higher proportion of the total fatigue damage.
At present, the method for repairing the fatigue crack at the arc-shaped notch of the bridge diaphragm mainly comprises a crack stop hole method, a steel plate reinforcing method, a crack welding method and the like, although the method repairs or strengthens the damaged part of the crack, the operations of polishing, drilling, welding and the like are needed on site, the construction process is complex, the repairing effect is highly dependent on the construction quality of polishing, welding, drilling and the like, the stability is difficult to guarantee, and the secondary crack is easy to occur at the opening part of the weld joint or the bolt.
Therefore, in order to solve the problem of repairing the fatigue cracks at the arc-shaped notches of the cross partition plates of the orthotropic plates of the existing large-span steel structure bridge, a repair technical scheme which is more economical, simple, convenient and rapid and has enough strength and reliability guarantee is urgently needed to be found.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a steel bridge deck slab diaphragm plate arc-shaped notch fatigue crack reinforcing structure and method. The invention uses the shape memory alloy sheet as a reinforcing plate, and uses the crack arrest hole method in cooperation, and the cold repair compound mode of combined action of drilling crack arrest and pasting the shape memory alloy sheet is used for reinforcement, so that the invention is a repair and reinforcement mode which has simple construction, relatively low cost and no influence on normal traffic operation of a bridge.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a steel bridge panel cross slab arc incision department fatigue crack reinforced structure, the steel bridge panel include steel bridge panel roof, set up the longitudinal U rib and the cross slab of a plurality of intervals in steel bridge panel roof bottom, the inboard of cross slab set up with the arc incision of longitudinal U rib looks adaptation, the fatigue crack be located the cross slab, reinforced structure including seting up the shape memory alloy piece in the cross slab side and the stop crack hole on the cross slab, the inner of fatigue crack link to each other with the arc incision, the outer end links to each other with the stop crack hole, shape memory alloy piece cover fatigue crack and stop crack hole simultaneously.
Preferably, the shape memory alloy is an iron-based shape memory alloy (Fe-SMA).
Further, the fatigue cracks extend from the inner end to the outer end, and the fatigue cracks are not connected with the outer edge of the diaphragm. The fatigue cracks do not extend to the outer edge of the diaphragm.
Furthermore, structural adhesive is arranged between the shape memory alloy sheet and the side face of the diaphragm plate and is adhered to the side face of the diaphragm plate through the structural adhesive.
Furthermore, the shape memory alloy sheet comprises a glue-free area and a glue-containing area, the glue-containing area is adhered to the side face of the diaphragm plate through structural glue, and the glue-free area covers the fatigue crack and the crack stop hole.
Furthermore, both ends of the shape memory alloy sheet are provided with glue areas, and the middle part of the shape memory alloy sheet is provided with a glue-free area. The glue area contains structural glue for sticking and anchoring; the glue-free area does not contain structural glue and is used for heating recovery.
Furthermore, a plurality of glass beads are arranged between the glue area and the side face of the diaphragm plate.
Furthermore, the diameter of the glass beads is 0.3-2.0 mm.
Further, the shape memory alloy sheet is arranged on one side or both sides of the diaphragm plate. According to the actual crack cracking condition and the strength requirement, the shape memory alloy sheet is adhered to one side or two sides of the diaphragm plate through structural adhesive.
Further, the thickness of the shape memory alloy sheet is 1-3 mm.
A reinforcing method based on the fatigue crack reinforcing structure at the arc-shaped notch of the diaphragm plate of the steel bridge deck comprises the following steps:
1) and drilling a crack-stopping hole on the diaphragm. The crack stop hole is arranged at the end part of the fatigue crack in the extending direction and plays a role in preventing the crack from further cracking. The size of the crack stop hole should be as large as possible without unduly affecting the overall strength.
2) Pre-stretching the shape memory alloy sheet, attaching the shape memory alloy sheet to the side surface of the diaphragm plate, and maintaining.
3) The shape memory alloy sheet is heated to generate a pre-stress. The recovery area in the middle of the shape memory alloy sheet is heated by a heat gun or other heating techniques to introduce a pre-stress.
The specific process is as follows:
1) drilling a crack stop hole: the crack characteristics are judged in the fatigue crack cracking area at the arc-shaped notch, and the crack tip and the center position of the crack stopping hole are marked before punching. Then, a drill with a small diameter is used for punching a positioning hole, and then a drill with a specified diameter is used for drilling until the steel plate penetrates through the positioning hole.
2) Surface treatment: and (3) carrying out surface treatment on fatigue crack positions of arc-shaped notches on two sides of the diaphragm plate, namely polishing and derusting the steel plate, and then wiping the surface of the shape memory alloy sheet clean.
3) Pasting the shape memory alloy sheet: uniformly coating structural adhesive on the surfaces of two ends of the shape memory alloy sheet, uniformly placing a plurality of glass beads with small diameters (0.3-2.0mm) on the structural adhesive to control the thickness of the adhesive layer, and then fully sticking the shape memory alloy sheet and the diaphragm plate. Before sticking, the shape memory alloy sheet is prestretched at normal temperature, generally to generate about 4% strain, and the prestretched elongation can be selected according to actual conditions. And a recovery area which ensures that the middle of the shape memory alloy sheet is not subjected to sticking and anchoring completely covers the fatigue crack and the crack stop hole at the end part of the crack.
4) Fixing and maintaining: and fixing the shape memory alloy sheet on the diaphragm plate by using a clamp, and disassembling the clamp after the structural adhesive is maintained to form certain strength.
5) Electrifying and heating: a thermocouple was placed in the middle heating zone of the shape memory alloy sheet to monitor the heating temperature. And the periphery of the heating area is wrapped by using glass fiber cotton and an aluminum foil adhesive tape so as to avoid the structural adhesive bonding area from being influenced by high temperature. And finally, heating the recovery area in the middle of the shape memory alloy sheet by using a hot air gun to enable the recovery deformation to be generated, thereby introducing prestress to play a role in reinforcing the diaphragm plate and preventing crack propagation.
The invention can also be used for reinforcing diaphragm plates which are at risk of fatigue cracking. The fatigue crack risk zone is generally located in the area of the outer contour of the arc-shaped cut in the diaphragm. Fatigue cracks generally extend outwardly from the arcuate cut when fatigue failure occurs. The area at risk of fatigue cracking or having fatigue cracks is located in the middle of the shape memory alloy sheet and the shape memory alloy sheet should completely cover the crack area and keep it in the middle of the shape memory alloy sheet. The advantages of this design are: firstly, when the fatigue crack is stressed, the shape memory alloy sheet can better exert the effect; second, when the shape memory alloy sheet is heated to induce a prestress, the disturbance to both sides can be reduced.
The use of Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) as a stiffening plate to apply pre-stress can avoid the disadvantages of mechanical methods while enhancing local structural stiffness. The Fe-SMA material has unique thermomechanical response, can retain large residual strain after being changed in shape at normal temperature, and can restore to the shape before deformation once being heated to a certain transition temperature. By suppressing the recovery of such deformation, it is possible to apply prestress to the structural member. Therefore, by using the pre-deformed sheet iron-based memory alloy as the reinforcing plate, the active reinforcement can be realized by introducing the prestress through a heating method, the operation process is simple, no damage is caused, the generated prestress is uniform, and the reinforcing method is suitable for the reinforcement of a small range or various special parts.
Specifically, in the implementation process, the anti-cracking holes are drilled at the outer tip ends of the fatigue cracks on the diaphragm plate, then the two ends of the pre-stretched shape memory alloy sheet are adhered to the two sides of the region formed by the fatigue cracks and the anti-cracking holes, the middle part of the shape memory alloy sheet completely covers the fatigue cracks and the anti-cracking holes, and a part of glue-free region is reserved in the middle part of the shape memory alloy sheet to be used as a region to be heated. By heating the middle section area, the self-stress is formed by the shape memory alloy sheet to actively reinforce the structure and achieve the purpose of restraining the fatigue crack from expanding. The cold repairing method of the invention has the advantages of simple reinforcing method, low relative cost, low construction difficulty, convenient and rapid installation, and the like, and obviously prolongs the fatigue life of the arc-shaped notch of the diaphragm plate by the cold repairing method of combined action of drilling crack arrest and pasting the shape memory alloy sheet without introducing welding residual stress.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics:
1) the invention adopts the mode of combining the crack arrest hole and the shape memory alloy sheet for reinforcement, thereby not only reducing the influence of stress concentration at the end part of the fatigue crack, but also ensuring the integral strength of the structure.
2) The invention introduces prestress by using the shape memory alloy sheet and anchors and pastes by using the structural adhesive, thereby avoiding an anchoring device and heavy tensioning equipment and reducing the construction difficulty and the negative influence on the operation of a bridge caused by the construction process.
3) The invention uses the structural adhesive sticking mode in the anchoring engineering, thereby avoiding secondary damage to the bridge body caused by welding, riveting and other modes.
4) The shape memory alloy sheet adopted by the invention is small and exquisite in appearance and convenient to transport, and the appearance of the bridge body cannot be changed too much after the repair is finished.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a top relief hole of a diaphragm in an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view illustrating a shape memory alloy sheet attached to a diaphragm in an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a steel bridge deck after reinforcement is completed in the embodiment;
the notation in the figure is:
the steel bridge deck slab comprises 1-a steel bridge deck slab top plate, 2-longitudinal U ribs, 3-diaphragm plates, 4-arc-shaped notches, 5-fatigue cracks, 6-crack-stopping holes and 7-shape memory alloy sheets.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Example (b):
as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the steel bridge deck comprises a steel bridge deck top plate 1, a longitudinal U rib 2 arranged at the bottom of the steel bridge deck top plate 1, and a plurality of transverse clapboards 3 arranged at the bottom of the steel bridge deck top plate 1 at intervals, wherein arc-shaped notches 4 matched with the longitudinal U rib 2 are formed in the inner sides of the transverse clapboards 3, and fatigue cracks 5 are located on the transverse clapboards 3.
A fatigue crack reinforcing structure at an arc-shaped notch of a diaphragm plate of a steel bridge deck comprises a crack stopping hole 6 formed in the diaphragm plate 3 and a shape memory alloy sheet 7 arranged on the side face of the diaphragm plate 3, wherein the inner end of a fatigue crack 5 is connected with the arc-shaped notch 4, the outer end of the fatigue crack is connected with the crack stopping hole 6, and the shape memory alloy sheet 7 covers the fatigue crack 5 and the crack stopping hole 6 simultaneously.
Wherein the fatigue cracks 5 extend from the inner end to the outer end, and the fatigue cracks 5 are not connected with the outer edge of the diaphragm 3. Structural adhesive is arranged between the shape memory alloy sheet 7 and the side surface of the diaphragm plate 3 and is adhered to the side surface of the diaphragm plate 3 through the structural adhesive. The shape memory alloy sheet 7 comprises a glue-free area and a glue-containing area, the glue-containing area is adhered to the side surface of the diaphragm plate 3 through structural glue, and the glue-free area covers the fatigue crack 5 and the crack stop hole 6. The two ends of the shape memory alloy sheet 7 are both provided with glue areas, and the middle part is provided with a glue-free area. A plurality of glass beads are arranged between the glue area and the side surface of the diaphragm plate 3. The diameter of the glass beads is 0.3-2.0 mm.
The shape memory alloy sheet 7 is provided on one side or both sides of the diaphragm 3. The thickness of the shape memory alloy sheet 7 is 1 to 3 mm.
The reinforcing method based on the reinforcing structure comprises the following steps:
1) as shown in fig. 1, a crack stop hole 6 is drilled in the diaphragm 3 at the end in the direction in which the fatigue crack 5 progresses. The specific process is as follows: determining hole parameters including the hole diameter, the hole position of the drilled hole, the hole direction and the like, marking the positions of the tip of the fatigue crack 5 and the circle center of the crack-stopping hole 6 by using a mark pen, and drawing a pre-drilled hole; a rubber protective layer with the thickness of about 10mm is attached to the pre-punched hole to play a role in preventing scraps from damaging steel and stabilizing the drill bit; the positioning holes are arranged by adopting a small-diameter drill bit, and then the short-handle step type twist drill bit with the specified diameter is adopted for punching.
2) As shown in fig. 2, the shape memory alloy sheet 7 is preliminarily stretched, and then bonded to the side surface of the bulkhead 3, followed by curing. The specific process is as follows: taking a sheet Fe-SMA (iron-based memory alloy) with the size of 75 multiplied by 270mm and the thickness of 1.5mm for pre-stretching at normal temperature to generate about 4% strain; taking 60mm at each end of the prestretched sheet Fe-SMA as a pasting anchoring area, gluing the prestretched sheet Fe-SMA on a diaphragm plate 3 to be repaired by using structural glue, and leaving 150mm in the middle to completely cover a fatigue crack 5 and a crack arrest hole 6 as a heating recovery area; the bonded area was pressed and cured at high temperature for 7 days.
3) As shown in fig. 3, the shape memory alloy sheet 7 is heated to generate a prestress. The specific process is as follows: and a recovery zone in the middle of the flaky Fe-SMA is heated to 170 ℃ by a hot air gun to recover and deform the flaky Fe-SMA, so that prestress is introduced, and the functions of reinforcing the diaphragm plate 3 and preventing the fatigue crack 5 from expanding are achieved.
It should be noted that the reinforcing structure of the fatigue crack 5 at the arc-shaped notch 4 of the diaphragm plate 3, which is formed by the shape memory alloy sheet 7 and the crack stop hole 6, includes, but is not limited to, the transverse coverage mode of the sheet-shaped Fe-SMA and the vertical fatigue crack 5 in the embodiment; the structural adhesive bonding anchoring mode can be replaced by structural adhesive-mechanical auxiliary anchoring, mechanical anchoring and other anchoring modes.
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A fatigue crack reinforcing structure at an arc-shaped notch of a transverse clapboard of a steel bridge deck comprises a steel bridge deck top plate (1), a longitudinal U rib (2) arranged at the bottom of the steel bridge deck top plate (1) and a plurality of transverse clapboards (3) arranged at the bottom of the steel bridge deck top plate (1) at intervals, the inner side of the diaphragm plate (3) is provided with an arc-shaped notch (4) matched with the longitudinal U-shaped rib (2), the fatigue crack (5) is positioned on the diaphragm plate (3), it is characterized in that the reinforcing structure comprises a crack-stopping hole (6) arranged on the diaphragm plate (3) and a shape memory alloy sheet (7) arranged on the side surface of the diaphragm plate (3), the inner end of the fatigue crack (5) is connected with the arc-shaped notch (4), the outer end is connected with the crack-stopping hole (6), the shape memory alloy sheet (7) covers the fatigue crack (5) and the crack-stopping hole (6) at the same time.
2. A steel bridge deck plate diaphragm plate arch cut fatigue crack reinforcing structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein said fatigue crack (5) extends from the inner end to the outer end, and said fatigue crack (5) is not connected to the outer edge of the diaphragm plate (3).
3. The fatigue crack strengthening structure at the arc-shaped notch of the diaphragm of the steel bridge deck as claimed in claim 1, wherein a structural adhesive is arranged between the shape memory alloy sheet (7) and the side surface of the diaphragm (3) and is adhered to the side surface of the diaphragm (3) through the structural adhesive.
4. The reinforcement structure for the fatigue cracks at the arc-shaped notches of the diaphragm of the steel bridge deck slab as claimed in claim 3, wherein the shape memory alloy sheet (7) comprises a glue-free area and a glue-containing area, the glue-containing area is adhered to the side surface of the diaphragm (3) through structural glue, and the glue-free area covers the fatigue cracks (5) and the crack-stopping holes (6).
5. The fatigue crack reinforcing structure at the arc-shaped notch of the diaphragm plate of the steel bridge deck as claimed in claim 4, wherein both ends of the shape memory alloy sheet (7) are provided with glue areas, and the middle part is provided with a glue-free area.
6. The fatigue crack strengthening structure at the arc-shaped notch of the diaphragm plate of the steel bridge deck as claimed in claim 4, wherein a plurality of glass beads are arranged between the glued area and the side surface of the diaphragm plate (3).
7. The reinforcement structure for fatigue cracks at the arc-shaped notches of the diaphragm of the steel bridge deck as recited in claim 6, wherein the diameter of the glass beads is 0.3-2.0 mm.
8. The fatigue crack strengthening structure at the arc-shaped notch of the diaphragm of the steel bridge deck according to claim 1, wherein the shape memory alloy sheet (7) is arranged on one side or both sides of the diaphragm (3).
9. The fatigue crack strengthening structure at the arc-shaped notch of the diaphragm of the steel bridge deck as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the shape memory alloy sheet (7) is 1-3 mm.
10. A method for reinforcing a fatigue crack reinforcing structure at an arc-shaped notch of a diaphragm of a steel bridge deck according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:
1) drilling a crack-stopping hole (6) on the diaphragm plate (3);
2) pre-stretching the shape memory alloy sheet (7), attaching the shape memory alloy sheet to the side surface of the diaphragm plate (3), and maintaining;
3) the shape memory alloy sheet (7) is heated to generate a prestress.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110640480.8A CN113279340A (en) | 2021-06-09 | 2021-06-09 | Fatigue crack reinforcing structure and method for arc-shaped notch of diaphragm plate of steel bridge deck |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110640480.8A CN113279340A (en) | 2021-06-09 | 2021-06-09 | Fatigue crack reinforcing structure and method for arc-shaped notch of diaphragm plate of steel bridge deck |
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| CN113279340A true CN113279340A (en) | 2021-08-20 |
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| CN202110640480.8A Pending CN113279340A (en) | 2021-06-09 | 2021-06-09 | Fatigue crack reinforcing structure and method for arc-shaped notch of diaphragm plate of steel bridge deck |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114991028A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-09-02 | 苏交科集团股份有限公司 | Steel bridge fatigue crack self-adjusting prestress reinforcing system and method |
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2021
- 2021-06-09 CN CN202110640480.8A patent/CN113279340A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114991028A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-09-02 | 苏交科集团股份有限公司 | Steel bridge fatigue crack self-adjusting prestress reinforcing system and method |
| CN114991028B (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2024-02-20 | 苏交科集团股份有限公司 | Steel bridge fatigue crack self-adjusting prestress reinforcement system and method |
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