CN113279143A - Degradable flame-retardant plant fiber non-woven fabric - Google Patents

Degradable flame-retardant plant fiber non-woven fabric Download PDF

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CN113279143A
CN113279143A CN202110567885.3A CN202110567885A CN113279143A CN 113279143 A CN113279143 A CN 113279143A CN 202110567885 A CN202110567885 A CN 202110567885A CN 113279143 A CN113279143 A CN 113279143A
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flame retardant
woven fabric
mof
base cloth
plant fiber
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CN113279143B (en
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不公告发明人
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Baoding High Tech Zone Biobased New Materials Co ltd
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
    • D04H1/72—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
    • D04H1/732—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged by fluid current, e.g. air-lay
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B13/00—Treatment of textile materials with liquids, gases or vapours with aid of vibration
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B3/00—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating
    • D06B3/10—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating of fabrics
    • D06B3/18—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating of fabrics combined with squeezing, e.g. in padding machines
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/01—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
    • D06M15/03—Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/327—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated alcohols or esters thereof
    • D06M15/333—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated alcohols or esters thereof of vinyl acetate; Polyvinylalcohol
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
    • D06M2101/02—Natural fibres, other than mineral fibres
    • D06M2101/04—Vegetal fibres
    • D06M2101/06—Vegetal fibres cellulosic
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
    • D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
    • D06M2101/30—Synthetic polymers consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M2101/32—Polyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
    • D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
    • D06M2101/30—Synthetic polymers consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M2101/34—Polyamides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
    • D06M2200/30—Flame or heat resistance, fire retardancy properties

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a degradable flame-retardant plant fiber non-woven fabric, and belongs to the technical field of non-woven fabrics. The flame retardant is characterized by comprising a plant fiber non-woven fabric taking polylactic acid as a main body and flame retardant slurry padded on the surface of a base fabric, wherein a Zn-MOF-74/PVA flame retardant is anchored on the surface of the plant fiber non-woven fabric base fabric by taking an ionic state generated by dissolving chitosan in malic acid as a medium, so that a flame retardant effect is generated; the hydrophobicity of the polylactic acid is optimized and complemented by utilizing the abundant hydroxyl structure on the surface of the flame retardant, the hydrophilicity generated by the cooperation of polar groups such as hydroxyl and amino contained in the chitosan and cotton stalk fibers doped in the non-woven fabric, and the rate of hydrolytic degradation of the polylactic acid is effectively increased; meanwhile, the properties of the non-woven fabric such as wear resistance, bacteriostasis, antistatic property and the like are improved by doping the polyamide fiber and the flax fiber, and the application range of the non-woven fabric is expanded.

Description

Degradable flame-retardant plant fiber non-woven fabric
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of non-woven fabrics, in particular to a degradable flame-retardant plant fiber non-woven fabric.
Background
The flame retardant is a functional auxiliary agent for endowing the inflammable polymer with flame resistance, and mainly comprises an organic flame retardant, an inorganic flame retardant, a halogen flame retardant (organic chloride and organic bromide) and non-halogen. Organic flame retardants are represented by bromine, phosphorus-nitrogen, red phosphorus and compounds, and inorganic flame retardants are mainly flame retardant systems such as antimony trioxide, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, silicon and the like. Among them, the most commonly used halogen flame retardants have high efficiency which is not comparable to other flame retardant systems, but are not negligible harmful to the environment and humans. Therefore, the product structure of the flame retardant is always adjusted at home and abroad, and the development of the high-efficiency environment-friendly flame retardant is increased. The metal organic framework material has the characteristics of porous nano structure, abundant gaps, excellent compatibility with polymers, metal nodes, multifunctional ligands and the like, and provides multiple possibilities for flame retardants for polymeric materials.
Nonwoven fabrics are constructed from oriented or random fibers. Biodegradable environment-friendly polylactic acid high polymer materials are mostly adopted as raw materials, and the materials have inflammability, so that melting and dripping are easily generated during combustion to cause fire, and therefore, the problem that how to increase the flame retardance of non-woven fabrics and improve the use safety is a problem to be solved urgently is solved. The flame retardant used in the current market generally only has a flame retardant effect, and cannot help the non-woven fabric to accelerate degradation. Meanwhile, the common non-woven fabric has the defects of weak strength, poor durability, weak hydrophilicity and the like.
Aiming at the problems, a degradable flame-retardant plant fiber non-woven fabric and a preparation method thereof are designed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a degradable flame-retardant plant fiber non-woven fabric and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a degradable flame-retardant plant fiber non-woven fabric comprises a plant fiber non-woven fabric base fabric and flame retardant slurry padded on the surface of the base fabric.
The invention discloses a degradable flame-retardant plant fiber non-woven fabric, wherein a plant fiber non-woven fabric base fabric has the characteristics of easy decomposition, ventilation, moisture resistance, recycling and the like, and polylactic acid is used as a main raw material in the invention; because the polylactic acid is a high polymer material with inflammability, the flame retardant slurry is padded on the surface of the base fabric by using a padding process, so that the base fabric of the non-woven fabric is effectively prevented from melting and dropping to cause fire.
Preferably, the plant fiber non-woven fabric base cloth takes polylactic acid as a main body, and the raw material components are as follows: 85-90 parts of polylactic acid, 15-20 parts of cotton stalk fiber, 3-8 parts of flax fiber and 8-12 parts of polyamide fiber.
The plant fiber non-woven fabric base cloth in the technical scheme comprises polylactic acid, cotton stalk fibers, flax fibers and polyamide fibers, wherein the polylactic acid is a biodegradable substance and has the defects of weak strength, poor durability and the like. Therefore, the cotton stalk fiber with good strength and toughness is doped to increase the toughness and strength of the non-woven fabric, and the doped polyamide fiber effectively improves the wear resistance of the non-woven fabric; however, since the polyamide fiber is a hydrophobic fiber, static electricity is easily generated and heat resistance is poor. Therefore, the flax fibers with the performances of moisture absorption, heat dissipation, bacteriostasis, static resistance and the like are added to optimize and complement, and meanwhile, the flax fibers have certain flame retardant effect in the textile fibers due to the moisture absorption and heat dissipation of the flax fibers.
The degradation of the non-woven fabric is the degradation of the polylactic acid which is a main material, most of the substances are hydrolyzed, generally, an aqueous medium permeates into a polymer, so that a polymer molecular chain is loosened, a lipid bond begins to be hydrolyzed, the substances are gradually degraded into an oligomer, more terminal carboxyl groups are generated, and the degradation speed is increased. But polylactic acid has strong hydrophobicity, and the added cotton stalk fiber has natural hygroscopicity, so that the hydrolysis degradation speed of the polylactic acid can be improved.
Preferably, the flame retardant slurry comprises the following raw material components: 5-10 parts of flame retardant, 8-15 parts of chitosan, 0.1-3 parts of malic acid and 220 parts of distilled water.
In the technical scheme, the raw materials of the flame retardant slurry comprise a flame retardant, chitosan, acetic acid and distilled water; the flame retardant is the core of the flame retardant slurry, and on one hand, the flame retardant can be directly adsorbed on the surface of the non-woven fabric base fabric by using van der Waals force through an impregnation method; on the other hand, the chitosan can be anchored on the surface of the non-woven fabric base cloth by the following specific principle: the surface of the flame retardant contains rich hydroxyl structures, and the flame retardant with a free hydroxyl structure is generated by hydrolysis in distilled water and has negative charges; the chitosan can be dissolved in malic acid to generate protonated chitosan, and the chitosan has positive charges; so that a large amount of hydroxyl on the surface of the flame retardant and cationic chitosan are subjected to deprotonation reaction to generate stable hydrogen bonds. Meanwhile, the amino on the chitosan is connected with the carboxyl on the polylactic acid in an ionic bond mode, so that the flame retardant is anchored on the surface of the non-woven fabric base cloth through the ionic state of the chitosan, the intermolecular force is strong, the bond energy is higher, and the flame retardant is not easy to fall off. Meanwhile, hydroxyl on the surface of the flame retardant, hydroxyl contained in chitosan, amino and other polar groups have strong hydrophilicity, and can generate a synergistic effect with cotton stalk fibers in the non-woven fabric base cloth, so that the hydrolysis degradation speed of polylactic acid is increased.
Preferably, the flame retardant is Zn-MOF-74/PVA.
In the technical scheme, Zn-MOF-74 is a porous organic framework which takes Zn as a metal center and has the carbon dioxide gas adsorption capacity, and Zn-MOF-74/PVA is prepared by uniformly wrapping Zn-MOF-74 with PVA by utilizing the electronic effect generated by divalent zinc ions in Zn-MOF-74 and hydrogen bonds in PVA.
The flame retardant principle is as follows: when the surface is burnt, firstly, Zn-MOF-74 is oxidized to generate zinc oxide, and a dense zinc oxide protective layer is formed to prevent flame; secondly, carbon dioxide adsorbed in the Zn-MOF-74 pore channels and carbon dioxide generated by combustion pyrolysis of PVA can effectively hinder the generation of flame; thirdly, the solid carbon layer formed by carbonization effectively hinders the diffusion of oxygen and the transfer of heat and mass in the volatilization combustion process of combustible materials; fourthly, the linen fibers contained in the non-woven fabric have the moisture absorption and heat dissipation performance, and the heat transfer is effectively blocked; in conclusion, the quadruple flame-retardant mechanism synergistically generates strong flame-retardant effect.
More preferably, the concentration of malic acid is 10%.
In the technical scheme, if the concentration of the malic acid is not more than 20%, the malic acid is easy to cause corrosion on the surface of the flame retardant structure, and is not beneficial to the flame retardant to keep the porous structure of the flame retardant.
Preferably, the chitosan is prepared by deacetylation of chitin.
Preferably, the cotton stalk fiber has a flexible diameter of 25-85 μm and a length of 2-8 cm.
Preferably, the preparation method of the degradable flame-retardant plant fiber non-woven fabric comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a flame retardant;
2) preparing a plant fiber non-woven fabric base cloth;
3) padding the non-woven fabric base cloth with the flame retardant slurry;
preferably, the preparation method of the degradable flame-retardant plant fiber non-woven fabric comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of the flame retardant:
a) preparing raw materials: preparing zinc nitrate hexahydrate, 2, 5-dihydroxy terephthalic acid, DMF (N-dimethylformamide), isopropanol, distilled water and PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) for later use;
b) Zn-MOF-74 preparation:
A. 0.604 g of zinc nitrate hexahydrate and 0.19 g of 2, 5-dihydroxy terephthalic acid are accurately weighed, 20 mL of DMF, 1 mL of isopropanol and 1 mL of distilled water are accurately weighed and uniformly mixed under the stirring condition to obtain a mixed material, and the mixed material can be amplified in equal proportion according to the required amount;
B. putting the mixed material in the step A into a polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle, sleeving a sheet iron, putting into a muffle furnace, heating to 110 ℃ at the heating rate of 3-5 ℃/min for reacting for 72 hours, and then cooling to room temperature at the heating rate of 3-5 ℃/min to obtain a reacted material;
C. c, performing solid-liquid separation on the material reacted in the step B at the rotating speed of 10000r/min by using a centrifugal machine, washing the material for 3 times by using methanol, and performing vacuum drying at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain a product Zn-MOF-74 for later use;
c) preparation of Zn-MOF-74/PVA flame retardant:
A. mixing the Zn-MOF-74 prepared in the step b) with distilled water, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 30 minutes to prepare a 10wt% Zn-MOF-74 aqueous suspension A for later use;
B. mixing PVA with distilled water, and stirring and dissolving at 80 ℃ to prepare 10wt% PVA aqueous suspension B for later use;
C. mixing the suspension A in the step A and the suspension B in the step B, stirring for 30 minutes, and putting the mixture into a refrigerator to be frozen for 12 hours at-80 ℃ to obtain a material C;
D. c, putting the material C in the step C into a freeze dryer for drying for 48 hours to prepare Zn-MOF-74/PVA as a flame retardant;
2) preparing a plant fiber non-woven fabric base cloth:
a) preparing raw materials: weighing polylactic acid, cotton stalk fiber, flax fiber and polyamide fiber for later use;
b) preparing a plant fiber non-woven fabric base cloth:
A. fully drying polylactic acid in a vacuum drying oven at 60 ℃, and mixing the polylactic acid with straw fibers, flax fibers and polyamide fibers through a high-speed mixer to obtain a mixture;
B. b, extruding and melting the mixture obtained in the step A through a screw, controlling the working temperature to be 80-100 ℃ and the rotating speed to be 50-60 r/min; spraying the mixture into polylactic acid fiber through a spinneret orifice, controlling the diameter of the spinneret orifice to be 0.16-0.19 mm, and controlling the working speed to be 6000-8000 m/min; then the fiber is blown and cooled, and is stretched into a net by air flow, and the air flow drafting speed is controlled at 6000-7000 m/min; finally, rolling and reinforcing by a roller of a rolling mill to form a non-woven fabric base fabric, controlling the roller speed at 8-10 m/min, controlling the working pressure at 20-25 MPa and controlling the working temperature at 120-140 ℃;
3) padding the non-woven fabric base cloth with the flame retardant slurry:
a) preparing raw materials: weighing a flame retardant, chitosan, malic acid and distilled water for later use;
b) padding the non-woven fabric base cloth with the flame retardant slurry:
A. adding the flame retardant, chitosan, malic acid and distilled water into a stirring barrel, and mixing to obtain flame retardant slurry for later use;
B. completely soaking the non-woven base fabric in the flame retardant slurry in the step A for 12-24 hours, and taking out the non-woven base fabric after soaking is finished and placing the non-woven base fabric in a padding machine for extrusion, wherein the first padding is carried out;
C. b, immersing the non-woven fabric base cloth which is padded for the first time in the flame retardant slurry again, adding an ultrasonic oscillator for ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, and putting the non-woven fabric base cloth in a padding machine again for extrusion, wherein the padding is carried out for the second time;
D. and C, drying the non-woven fabric base cloth padded twice in the step C in a dryer at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the degradable flame-retardant plant fiber non-woven fabric.
Preferably, the preparation method of the degradable flame-retardant plant fiber non-woven fabric comprises the following steps of: the mass fraction ratio is (1: 1) - (3: 1).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
during preparation, an ionic state generated by dissolving chitosan in malic acid is used as a medium, and a Zn-MOF-74/PVA flame retardant is anchored on the surface of degradable plant fiber non-woven fabric base cloth, so that a flame retardant effect is generated; the hydrophobicity of the polylactic acid is optimized and complemented by utilizing the abundant hydroxyl structure on the surface of the flame retardant, polar groups such as hydroxyl and amino contained in the chitosan and the hydrophilicity generated by cotton stalk fibers doped in the non-woven fabric, and the rate of hydrolytic degradation of the polylactic acid is effectively increased; meanwhile, the wear resistance of the non-woven fabric is effectively improved by doping the polyamide fiber, the performances of moisture absorption, heat dissipation, bacteriostasis, static resistance and the like of the non-woven fabric are improved by doping the fibrilia, and the application range of the non-woven fabric is expanded.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
step S1: preparation of the flame retardant:
step S11: preparing raw materials: preparing zinc nitrate hexahydrate, 2, 5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), isopropanol, distilled water and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) for later use;
step S12: Zn-MOF-74 preparation: accurately weighing zinc nitrate hexahydrate and 2, 5-dihydroxy terephthalic acid, accurately weighing DMF (dimethyl formamide), isopropanol and distilled water, and uniformly mixing under stirring; putting the mixed material into a polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle, sleeving a sheet iron, putting into a muffle furnace, heating to 110 ℃ at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min for reacting for 72 hours, and then cooling to room temperature at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min to obtain a reacted material; performing solid-liquid separation by using a centrifugal machine at the rotating speed of 10000r/min, washing for 3 times by using methanol, and performing vacuum drying for 24 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain a product Zn-MOF-74 for later use;
step S13: preparation of Zn-MOF-74/PVA flame retardant: mixing the prepared Zn-MOF-74 with distilled water, and ultrasonically dispersing for 30 minutes to prepare a 10wt% Zn-MOF-74 aqueous suspension A; mixing PVA with distilled water, and stirring and dissolving at 80 ℃ to prepare 10wt% PVA aqueous suspension B; mixing and stirring the suspension A and the suspension B for 30 minutes, and putting the mixture into a refrigerator to be frozen for 12 hours at the temperature of minus 80 ℃; c, putting the material C in the step C into a freeze dryer for drying for 48 hours to prepare Zn-MOF-74/PVA as a flame retardant;
step S2: preparing a plant fiber non-woven fabric base cloth:
step S21: weighing polylactic acid, cotton stalk fiber, flax fiber and polyamide fiber for later use;
step S22: preparing a plant fiber non-woven fabric base cloth: fully drying polylactic acid in a vacuum drying oven at 60 ℃, and mixing the polylactic acid with straw fibers, flax fibers and polyamide fibers through a high-speed mixer to obtain a mixture; extruding and melting the mixture by a screw, controlling the working temperature at 80 ℃ and the rotating speed at 50 r/min; spraying the mixture into polylactic acid fiber through a spinneret orifice, controlling the diameter of the spinneret orifice to be 0.16 mm, and controlling the working speed to be 6000 m/min; then, the fiber is blown and cooled, and is stretched into a net by air flow, and the air flow drafting speed is controlled at 6000 m/min; finally, rolling and reinforcing the base cloth by a roller pattern roller of a rolling mill to form a non-woven base cloth, controlling the roller speed at 8 m/min, the working pressure at 20 MPa and the working temperature at 120 ℃;
step S3: padding the non-woven fabric base cloth with the flame retardant slurry:
step S31: preparing raw materials: weighing a flame retardant, chitosan, malic acid and distilled water for later use;
step S32: padding the non-woven fabric base cloth with the flame retardant slurry: adding the flame retardant, chitosan, malic acid and distilled water into a stirring barrel, and mixing to obtain flame retardant slurry; completely soaking the non-woven base fabric in the flame retardant slurry for 12 hours, and taking out the non-woven base fabric after the soaking is finished, and putting the non-woven base fabric into a padding machine for extrusion, wherein the padding is the first padding; immersing the non-woven fabric base cloth which is padded once again into the flame retardant slurry, adding an ultrasonic oscillator for ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, and putting the non-woven fabric base cloth into a padding machine again for extrusion, wherein the padding is carried out for the second time; and (3) drying the non-woven fabric base cloth subjected to padding twice in a dryer at the temperature of 60 ℃ to prepare the degradable flame-retardant plant fiber non-woven fabric.
In this embodiment, the raw material composition of the degradable non-woven base fabric includes 85 parts of polylactic acid, 15 parts of cotton stalk fiber, 3 parts of flax fiber, and 8 parts of polyamide fiber. The flame retardant slurry comprises 5 parts of a flame retardant, 8 parts of chitosan, 0.1 part of malic acid and 200 parts of distilled water.
Wherein the mixing ratio of the suspension A and the suspension B in the preparation of the Zn-MOF-74/PVA flame retardant is as follows: the mass fraction ratio is 1: 1.
Wherein the first dipping time of the non-woven base fabric dipped by the flame retardant slurry is 12 hours.
Example 2:
step S1: preparation of the flame retardant:
step S11: preparing raw materials: preparing zinc nitrate hexahydrate, 2, 5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), isopropanol, distilled water and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) for later use;
step S12: Zn-MOF-74 preparation: accurately weighing zinc nitrate hexahydrate and 2, 5-dihydroxy terephthalic acid, accurately weighing DMF (dimethyl formamide), isopropanol and distilled water, and uniformly mixing under stirring; putting the mixed material into a polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle, sleeving a sheet iron, putting into a muffle furnace, heating to 110 ℃ at the heating rate of 4 ℃/min for reacting for 72 hours, and then cooling to room temperature at the heating rate of 4 ℃/min to obtain a reacted material; performing solid-liquid separation by using a centrifugal machine at the rotating speed of 10000r/min, washing for 3 times by using methanol, and performing vacuum drying for 24 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain a product Zn-MOF-74 for later use;
step S13: preparation of Zn-MOF-74/PVA flame retardant: mixing the prepared Zn-MOF-74 with distilled water, and ultrasonically dispersing for 30 minutes to prepare a 10wt% Zn-MOF-74 aqueous suspension A; mixing PVA with distilled water, and stirring and dissolving at 80 ℃ to prepare 10wt% PVA aqueous suspension B; mixing and stirring the suspension A and the suspension B for 30 minutes, and putting the mixture into a refrigerator to be frozen for 12 hours at the temperature of minus 80 ℃; c, putting the material C in the step C into a freeze dryer for drying for 48 hours to prepare Zn-MOF-74/PVA as a flame retardant;
step S2: preparing a plant fiber non-woven fabric base cloth:
step S21: weighing polylactic acid, cotton stalk fiber, flax fiber and polyamide fiber for later use;
step S22: preparing a plant fiber non-woven fabric base cloth: fully drying polylactic acid in a vacuum drying oven at 60 ℃, and mixing the polylactic acid with straw fibers, flax fibers and polyamide fibers through a high-speed mixer to obtain a mixture; extruding and melting the mixture by a screw, controlling the working temperature at 90 ℃ and the rotating speed at 55 r/min; spraying the mixture into polylactic acid fiber through a spinneret orifice, controlling the diameter of the spinneret orifice to be 0.18mm and the working speed to be 7000 m/min; then, the fibers are blown and cooled, and are stretched into a net by air flow, and the air flow stretching speed is controlled to be 6500 m/min; finally, rolling and reinforcing by a roller pattern roller of a rolling mill to form a non-woven fabric base fabric, controlling the roller speed at 9m/min, the working pressure at 23MPa and the working temperature at 130 ℃;
step S3: padding the non-woven fabric base cloth with the flame retardant slurry:
step S31: preparing raw materials: weighing a flame retardant, chitosan, malic acid and distilled water for later use;
step S32: padding the non-woven fabric base cloth with the flame retardant slurry: adding the flame retardant, chitosan, malic acid and distilled water into a stirring barrel, and mixing to obtain flame retardant slurry; completely soaking the non-woven base fabric in the flame retardant slurry for 18 hours, and taking out the non-woven base fabric after the soaking is finished, and putting the non-woven base fabric into a padding machine for extrusion, wherein the padding is the first padding; immersing the non-woven fabric base cloth which is padded once again into the flame retardant slurry, adding an ultrasonic oscillator for ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, and putting the non-woven fabric base cloth into a padding machine again for extrusion, wherein the padding is carried out for the second time; and (3) drying the non-woven fabric base cloth subjected to padding twice in a dryer at the temperature of 60 ℃ to prepare the degradable flame-retardant plant fiber non-woven fabric.
In this embodiment, the raw material composition of the degradable non-woven base fabric includes 88 parts of polylactic acid, 18 parts of cotton stalk fiber, 5 parts of flax fiber, and 10 parts of polyamide fiber. The flame retardant slurry comprises 8 parts of a flame retardant, 12 parts of chitosan, 1.5 parts of malic acid and 210 parts of distilled water.
Wherein the mixing ratio of the suspension A and the suspension B in the preparation of the Zn-MOF-74/PVA flame retardant is as follows: the mass fraction ratio is 2: 1.
Wherein the first impregnation time of the non-woven base fabric impregnated with the flame retardant slurry is 18 hours.
Example 3:
step S1: preparation of the flame retardant:
step S11: preparing raw materials: preparing zinc nitrate hexahydrate, 2, 5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), isopropanol, distilled water and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) for later use;
step S12: Zn-MOF-74 preparation: accurately weighing zinc nitrate hexahydrate and 2, 5-dihydroxy terephthalic acid, accurately weighing DMF (dimethyl formamide), isopropanol and distilled water, and uniformly mixing under stirring; putting the mixed material into a polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle, sleeving a sheet iron on the polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle, putting the mixture into a muffle furnace, heating to 110 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min for reacting for 72 hours, and then cooling to room temperature at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min to obtain a reacted material; performing solid-liquid separation by using a centrifugal machine at the rotating speed of 10000r/min, washing for 3 times by using methanol, and performing vacuum drying for 24 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain a product Zn-MOF-74 for later use;
step S13: preparation of Zn-MOF-74/PVA flame retardant: mixing the prepared Zn-MOF-74 with distilled water, and ultrasonically dispersing for 30 minutes to prepare a 10wt% Zn-MOF-74 aqueous suspension A; mixing PVA with distilled water, and stirring and dissolving at 80 ℃ to prepare 10wt% PVA aqueous suspension B; mixing and stirring the suspension A and the suspension B for 30 minutes, and putting the mixture into a refrigerator to be frozen for 12 hours at the temperature of minus 80 ℃; c, putting the material C in the step C into a freeze dryer for drying for 48 hours to prepare Zn-MOF-74/PVA as a flame retardant;
step S2: preparing a plant fiber non-woven fabric base cloth:
step S21: weighing polylactic acid, cotton stalk fiber, flax fiber and polyamide fiber for later use;
step S22: preparing a plant fiber non-woven fabric base cloth: fully drying polylactic acid in a vacuum drying oven at 60 ℃, and mixing the polylactic acid with straw fibers, flax fibers and polyamide fibers through a high-speed mixer to obtain a mixture; extruding and melting the mixture by a screw, controlling the working temperature at 100 ℃ and the rotating speed at 60 r/min; spraying the mixture into polylactic acid fiber through a spinneret orifice, controlling the diameter of the spinneret orifice to be 0.19 mm, and controlling the working speed to be 8000 m/min; then, the fibers are cooled by blowing, and are stretched into a net by air flow, and the air flow drafting speed is controlled at 7000 m/min; finally, rolling and reinforcing the base cloth by a roller to form a non-woven base cloth, controlling the roller speed at 10 m/min, the working pressure at 25 MPa and the working temperature at 140 ℃;
step S3: padding the non-woven fabric base cloth with the flame retardant slurry:
step S31: preparing raw materials: weighing a flame retardant, chitosan, malic acid and distilled water for later use;
step S32: padding the non-woven fabric base cloth with the flame retardant slurry: adding the flame retardant, chitosan, malic acid and distilled water into a stirring barrel, and mixing to obtain flame retardant slurry; completely soaking the non-woven base fabric in the flame retardant slurry for 18 hours, and taking out the non-woven base fabric after the soaking is finished, and putting the non-woven base fabric into a padding machine for extrusion, wherein the padding is the first padding; immersing the non-woven fabric base cloth which is padded once again into the flame retardant slurry, adding an ultrasonic oscillator for ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, and putting the non-woven fabric base cloth into a padding machine again for extrusion, wherein the padding is carried out for the second time; and (3) drying the non-woven fabric base cloth subjected to padding twice in a dryer at the temperature of 60 ℃ to prepare the degradable flame-retardant plant fiber non-woven fabric.
In the embodiment, the raw material composition of the degradable non-woven base fabric comprises 90 parts of polylactic acid, 20 parts of cotton stalk fiber, 8 parts of flax fiber and 12 parts of polyamide fiber; the flame retardant slurry comprises 10 parts of a flame retardant, 15 parts of chitosan, 3 parts of malic acid and 220 parts of distilled water.
Wherein the mixing ratio of the suspension A and the suspension B in the preparation of the Zn-MOF-74/PVA flame retardant is as follows: the mass fraction ratio is 3: 1.
And the first dipping time of the flame retardant slurry for dipping the non-woven base fabric is 24 hours.
Example 4:
the procedure was as in example 3, with a Zn-MOF-74 flame retardant.
Example 5:
the procedure was the same as in example 3, using ZIF-8 as the flame retardant.
Example 6:
the procedure was the same as in example 3, with no addition of flame retardant.
Experiment 1:
a sample of the degradable flame-retardant non-woven plant fiber fabric prepared in examples 1 to 6 was used to determine the oxygen index (LOI) according to the GB/T2406-1993 standard test method, and the results are as follows:
the LOI values of the samples of examples 1-6 after examination were 32.3%, 39.1%, 35.0%, 26.0%, 24.0%, 21.0%, respectively
And (4) conclusion: it can be seen from the data of examples 1 to 6 that the addition of the flame retardant can indeed improve the flame retardancy of the plant fiber nonwoven fabric; from examples 1 to 5, it can be illustrated that: the Zn-MOF-74 or ZIF-8 is independently used as a flame retardant and also has flame retardance, but the flame retardance of the Zn-MOF-74/PVA used as the flame retardant is far higher than that of the Zn-MOF-74 or ZIF-8 used as the flame retardant, because when the surface is combusted, not only the Zn-MOF-74 is oxidized to generate zinc oxide to form a compact zinc oxide protective layer, but also carbon dioxide generated by combustion and pyrolysis of PVA effectively prevents the generation of flame, and a synergistic effect is generated between the Zn-MOF-74 and the ZIF-8, so that the Zn-MOF-74/PVA has strong flame retardance.
Experiment 2: a degradable flame-retardant plant fiber non-woven fabric sample prepared in the example 1-4 is taken for a flame retardant loading test, the test method refers to the method in CN201911067737.4, the non-woven fabrics before and after loading the flame retardant are weighed and respectively marked as MNon-woven fabricAnd MComposite materialThe load is A (unit g/g), and the calculation formula is as follows:
A=（Mcomposite material-MNon-woven fabric）/ MNon-woven fabric，
Wherein M isComposite materialFor the loaded mass, MNon-woven fabricFor the mass before loading, the calculation results are as follows:
the loading of the samples in examples 1-4 were 69.2%, 90.6%, 79.1%, 42.6%, respectively.
In conclusion, from examples 1-3, it can be concluded that the Zn-MOF-74/PVA flame retardant slurry is impregnated for the first time, the preferred impregnation time is 18 hours, and the loading is the highest. Comparing example 4 with example 3, the loading amount of Zn-MOF-74 loaded alone is not high, because Zn-MOF-74 loading is adsorbed on the surface of the plant fiber non-woven fabric substrate only by means of van der Waals force, while Zn-MOF-74/PVA is not only adsorbed by van der Waals force but also can be anchored on the surface of the plant fiber non-woven fabric substrate by chitosan.
Experiment 3: taking a degradable flame-retardant plant fiber non-woven fabric sample prepared in examples 1-6, performing a hydrophilicity test by taking a common non-woven fabric in the market as a control sample, wherein the test method refers to the method in CN202010214691.2, attaching a sample on a glass slide by using glue, placing the glass slide on a JY-82 video contact angle measuring instrument for testing, dropping a water drop with the volume of 3 on the surface of the sample by adopting static contact angle measurement, repeating the measurement three times by measuring an included angle from a solid-liquid interface to a gas-liquid interface through the inside of the liquid drop at a three-phase intersection, and taking an average value, wherein the results are as follows:
the average contact angle values of the samples of examples 1-6 were 36.28 °, 33.33 °, 35.67 °, 70.51 °, 70.92 °, 120.36, respectively, whereas the contact angle of a common nonwoven fabric on the market was 110.25 °.
In conclusion, the contact angle is less than 80 degrees, which indicates that the samples in examples 1-5 are hydrophilic, because the doped flax fibers have the moisture absorption performance, the natural water absorption performance of the cotton stalk fibers, and the polar groups such as hydroxyl and amino contained in the chitosan, and the three synergistically generate hydrophilicity; whereas examples 1-3 are more hydrophilic than examples 4 and 5 because of the rich hydroxyl structure on the surface of the flame retardant. The hydrophilicity is the reason for accelerating the hydrolysis and self-degradation rate of the polylactic acid. Example 6 has hydrophobicity because ZIF-8 has strong hydrophobicity.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A degradable flame-retardant plant fiber non-woven fabric is characterized in that: the degradable flame-retardant plant fiber non-woven fabric comprises: the flame retardant sizing agent comprises a plant fiber non-woven fabric base cloth and flame retardant sizing agent padded on the surface of the base cloth; the flame retardant slurry comprises the following raw material components: 8 parts of flame retardant, 12 parts of chitosan, 1.5 parts of malic acid and 210 parts of distilled water by weight; the plant fiber non-woven fabric base cloth takes polylactic acid as a main body, and comprises the following raw material components: 88 parts of polylactic acid, 18 parts of cotton stalk fiber, 5 parts of flax fiber and 10 parts of polyamide fiber by weight;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step S1: preparation of the flame retardant:
step S11: preparing raw materials: preparing zinc nitrate hexahydrate, 2, 5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), isopropanol, distilled water and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) for later use;
step S12: Zn-MOF-74 preparation: accurately weighing zinc nitrate hexahydrate and 2, 5-dihydroxy terephthalic acid, accurately weighing DMF (dimethyl formamide), isopropanol and distilled water, and uniformly mixing under stirring; putting the mixed material into a polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle, sleeving a sheet iron, putting into a muffle furnace, heating to 110 ℃ at the heating rate of 4 ℃/min for reacting for 72 hours, and then cooling to room temperature at the heating rate of 4 ℃/min to obtain a reacted material; performing solid-liquid separation by using a centrifugal machine at the rotating speed of 10000r/min, washing for 3 times by using methanol, and performing vacuum drying for 24 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain a product Zn-MOF-74 for later use;
step S13: preparation of Zn-MOF-74/PVA flame retardant: mixing the prepared Zn-MOF-74 with distilled water, and ultrasonically dispersing for 30 minutes to prepare a 10wt% Zn-MOF-74 aqueous suspension A; mixing PVA with distilled water, and stirring and dissolving at 80 ℃ to prepare 10wt% PVA aqueous suspension B; mixing and stirring the suspension A and the suspension B for 30 minutes, and putting the mixture into a refrigerator to be frozen for 12 hours at the temperature of minus 80 ℃; c, putting the material C in the step C into a freeze dryer for drying for 48 hours to prepare Zn-MOF-74/PVA as a flame retardant;
step S2: preparing a plant fiber non-woven fabric base cloth:
step S21: weighing polylactic acid, cotton stalk fiber, flax fiber and polyamide fiber for later use;
step S22: preparing a plant fiber non-woven fabric base cloth: fully drying polylactic acid in a vacuum drying oven at 60 ℃, and mixing the polylactic acid with straw fibers, flax fibers and polyamide fibers through a high-speed mixer to obtain a mixture; extruding and melting the mixture by a screw, controlling the working temperature at 90 ℃ and the rotating speed at 55 r/min; spraying the mixture into polylactic acid fiber through a spinneret orifice, controlling the diameter of the spinneret orifice to be 0.18mm and the working speed to be 7000 m/min; then, the fibers are blown and cooled, and are stretched into a net by air flow, and the air flow stretching speed is controlled to be 6500 m/min; finally, rolling and reinforcing by a roller pattern roller of a rolling mill to form a non-woven fabric base fabric, controlling the roller speed at 9m/min, the working pressure at 23MPa and the working temperature at 130 ℃;
step S3: padding the non-woven fabric base cloth with the flame retardant slurry:
step S31: preparing raw materials: weighing a flame retardant, chitosan, malic acid and distilled water for later use;
step S32: padding the non-woven fabric base cloth with the flame retardant slurry: adding the flame retardant, chitosan, malic acid and distilled water into a stirring barrel, and mixing to obtain flame retardant slurry; completely soaking the non-woven base fabric in the flame retardant slurry for 18 hours, and taking out the non-woven base fabric after the soaking is finished, and putting the non-woven base fabric into a padding machine for extrusion, wherein the padding is the first padding; immersing the non-woven fabric base cloth which is padded once again into the flame retardant slurry, adding an ultrasonic oscillator for ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, and putting the non-woven fabric base cloth into a padding machine again for extrusion, wherein the padding is carried out for the second time; drying the non-woven fabric base cloth which is padded twice in a dryer at the temperature of 60 ℃ to prepare degradable flame-retardant plant fiber non-woven fabric;
wherein the mixing ratio of the suspension A and the suspension B in the preparation of the Zn-MOF-74/PVA flame retardant is as follows: the mass fraction ratio is 2: 1;
wherein the first impregnation time of the non-woven base fabric impregnated with the flame retardant slurry is 18 hours.
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