CN113278962B - Preparation method of laser cladding layer of cutter edge based on powder-cored welding wire deep melting mode - Google Patents
Preparation method of laser cladding layer of cutter edge based on powder-cored welding wire deep melting mode Download PDFInfo
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- CN113278962B CN113278962B CN202110409398.4A CN202110409398A CN113278962B CN 113278962 B CN113278962 B CN 113278962B CN 202110409398 A CN202110409398 A CN 202110409398A CN 113278962 B CN113278962 B CN 113278962B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for preparing a laser cladding layer of a cutting edge of a cutter based on a powder-cored welding wire deep melting mode and a system for implementing the method. The powder-cored welding wire and the laser beam are arranged on two sides of the normal of the plane of the cutting edge at a certain angle, the laser beam directly acts on the welding wire in a certain defocusing state, the action position of a light spot is separated from the surface of the cutting edge at a certain distance, and the welding wire is melted in a deep melting mode and transited to the cutting edge to form a cladding layer; the diameter of the light spot is slightly larger than that of the welding wire, the energy of the transmitted light beam is lower, and the two sides of the cutting edge are heated and melted in a thermal conduction mode. The invention can improve the forming efficiency of the flux-cored welding wire, and the melting efficiency of the welding wire and the internal alloy powder can be improved to a greater extent by melting the flux-cored welding wire in a deep melting mode; the light beams transmitted from the two sides can preheat the edge substrate well, and the cladding quality is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a laser cladding layer of a cutter cutting edge based on a powder-cored welding wire deep melting mode, and belongs to the technical field of advanced laser manufacturing.
Background
A plurality of domestic enterprises for producing cutters still adopt the traditional cutter production process, and the performance of domestic steel for producing the cutters is lower than that of steel in other developed countries, so that the domestic cutters are difficult to meet the requirements of people in production and life in terms of hardness and wear resistance. Many enterprises currently use high-quality steel imported from abroad as a raw material for producing cutters, such as japanese multi-layer steel. Domestic enterprises can produce high-quality cutters by adopting the imported high-quality steel, but the imported steel is expensive, so that the cost is greatly increased. The production mode relying on the imported high-price steel can only solve the problem of emergency in one time, and the best way for competing with foreign cutter brands is to develop new materials and new manufacturing methods in the long term.
At present, domestic cutter production enterprises often adopt materials such as low alloy steel, high Cr stainless steel, tool steel and the like to produce cutters. For high Cr stainless steel, heat treatment is generally used to improve the strength of the steel, for example, the hardness can be increased by 100-200HB through quenching and tempering. Meanwhile, the surface layer of the workpiece can obtain high hardness, wear resistance and fatigue strength after quenching and low-temperature tempering by using a carburizing or nitriding process, and the center of the workpiece still has high plasticity and toughness. But the cost of the steel can be greatly increased by using a heat treatment mode, and the cutting edge of a common material is strengthened by an additive manufacturing mode, so that the service life of the product can be greatly prolonged on the premise of slightly increasing the cost, and the quality of the product reaches or even exceeds the quality of an imported product. The surface of the cutting edge of a plurality of foreign well-known brands of cutters is provided with a special coating, and the special coating can obviously enhance the hardness, the wear resistance and the service life of the cutting edge. Compared with the uncoated cutter, the coated cutter can prolong the service life of the cutter by more than 3-5 times, improve the machining precision by 0.5-1 level and reduce the consumption cost of the cutter by 20-50 percent. Since the advent of coated tools, tool coating technology has developed considerably more and more, and the variety of coatings has increased. The proportion of coated cutters in industrially developed countries is increasing, about 70% -80%, and the coated cutters become the mark products of modern cutters.
The laser cladding process is an advanced manufacturing technology, can be used for preparing coatings at the cutting edge of a cutter, and has low deposition efficiency. The cladding mode with low cost and high efficiency can be found, and the processing cost can be greatly reduced. Therefore, in order to meet the requirement of the field for efficiently preparing high-performance cutters, a laser cladding process method which can efficiently clad, has adjustable and controllable cladding layer components and excellent performance is needed to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a laser cladding method for efficiently manufacturing a surface coating aiming at Cr13 type stainless steel commonly used for manufacturing a cutter, wherein the performance of the coating needs to meet the use requirement of the cutter.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows.
The invention provides a preparation method of a laser cladding layer of a cutting edge of a cutter based on a powder core wire deep melting mode, which comprises the following steps:
arranging the powder-cored welding wire and the laser beam at two sides of the normal of the cutting edge plane at a certain angle;
loading shielding gas and the powder-cored welding wire coaxially, wherein the flowing direction of the shielding gas is consistent with the feeding direction of the powder-cored welding wire;
the laser beam directly acts on the surface of the powder-cored welding wire in a certain defocusing state, and the action position of a light spot is separated from the cutting edge base material by a certain distance, so that the powder-cored welding wire is melted in a deep melting mode and transited to the surface of the cutting edge base material below the powder-cored welding wire to form a cladding layer;
and the laser beam penetrating through the powder-cored welding wire preheats the cutting edge base material in a heat conduction mode.
Preferably, the diameter of the powder-cored welding wire is 1.6mm, and the diameter of a light spot acted on the surface of the powder-cored welding wire by the laser beam is slightly larger than that of the powder-cored welding wire.
Preferably, the composition of the alloy powder of the powder-cored welding wire comprises one or more of Fe, cr, C and Si, and the sheath material of the powder-cored welding wire is pure iron.
Preferably, the included angle between the powder-cored welding wire and the normal of the plane of the cutting edge is 10-45 degrees.
Preferably, the included angle between the laser beam and the normal of the plane of the cutting edge is 15-45 degrees.
Preferably, the defocusing amount of the laser beam action and the surface of the powder-cored welding wire is 5-20 mm; the vertical height between the laser beam and the action position of the powder-cored welding wire and the plane of the cutting edge base material is 0-5 mm.
Preferably, the power of the laser beam is 2.5 kW-6 kW, the scanning speed is 0.5 m/min-6 m/min, and the wire feeding speed is 0.5 m/min-6 m/min.
The second aspect of the present invention provides a laser cladding system for a cutting edge of a cutting tool, comprising:
a wire feeder capable of feeding a flux-cored wire to a cutting edge of the cutter;
the laser output device is arranged to enable the powder-cored welding wire and the laser beam to be arranged on two sides of the normal line of the cutting edge plane at a certain included angle;
the wire feeder is a coaxial protection wire feeder and is set to enable the shielding gas to be loaded coaxially with the powder-cored welding wire, and the flowing direction of the shielding gas is consistent with the feeding direction of the powder-cored welding wire;
the laser beam of the laser output device directly acts on the surface of the powder-cored welding wire in a certain defocusing state, and the action position of a light spot is separated from the cutting edge base material by a certain distance, so that the powder-cored welding wire is melted in a deep melting mode and transited to the surface of the cutting edge base material below to form a cladding layer;
and the laser beam penetrating through the powder-cored welding wire preheats the cutting edge base material in a heat conduction mode.
Preferably, the material of the cutting edge of the cutter is Cr13 type stainless steel.
Preferably, the composition of the alloy powder of the powder-cored welding wire comprises one or more of Fe, cr, C and Si, and the sheath material of the powder-cored welding wire is pure iron.
Through the technical scheme, the invention can obtain the following beneficial effects.
Most laser energy directly acts on the surface of the welding wire in the cladding process, so that the melting efficiency of the welding wire is effectively increased, the melting amount of the base material is effectively reduced, a cladding layer with a low dilution rate is obtained, and the quality of the cladding layer is improved.
The flux-cored welding wire can realize flexible and adjustable cladding layer components, and alloy components of the cladding layer can be adjusted according to different actual use requirements.
The utilization rate of the wire is about 100 percent, and the cladding layer with good formation and excellent performance can be prepared at the cutting edge with extremely high material utilization rate and high deposition efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for preparing a laser cladding layer of a cutting edge of a cutter based on a powder core wire deep melting mode;
FIG. 2 is a macroscopic view of a cladding layer obtained by the method in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional metallographic view of the cladding layer of FIG. 2.
The meaning of the individual reference symbols in the figures is as follows:
1. a wire feeder; 2. a flux-cored wire; 3. a laser beam; 4. a molten flux-cored welding wire; 5. a preheated cutting edge substrate; 6. a cladding layer; 7. a cutting edge substrate.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for preparing a laser cladding layer of a cutting edge of a cutter based on a powder core wire deep melting mode, which comprises the following steps:
and arranging the powder-cored welding wire and the laser beam at two sides of the normal line of the plane of the cutting edge at a certain included angle.
And loading shielding gas and the powder-cored welding wire coaxially, wherein the flowing direction of the shielding gas is consistent with the feeding direction of the powder-cored welding wire.
And directly acting the laser beam on the surface of the powder-cored welding wire in a certain defocusing state, and enabling the light spot acting position to be separated from the cutting edge base material by a certain distance, so that the powder-cored welding wire is melted in a deep melting mode and transited to the surface of the cutting edge base material below the powder-cored welding wire to form a cladding layer.
In a preferred embodiment, the laser beam has a laser spot diameter on the surface of the flux-cored wire that is slightly larger than the diameter of the flux-cored wire. And in a preferred embodiment, the diameter of the flux-cored wire is 1.6mm. The spot diameter is slightly larger than the diameter of the flux-cored wire, thereby enabling the beam to pass through from both sides of the flux-cored wire. The powder-cored welding wire absorbs most of laser energy to be melted in a deep melting mode and transits to the cutting edge base material, the laser energy penetrating through the two sides of the welding wire is low, the cutting edge base material is heated and melted in a thermal conduction mode, the preheating effect is achieved, and the cladding quality is improved.
In a preferred embodiment, the shielding gas is disposed coaxially with the welding wire.
In a preferred embodiment, the angle between the flux-cored wire and the normal to the cutting edge plane is 20 °, and the angle between the laser beam and the normal to the cutting edge plane is 30 °.
In a preferred embodiment, the laser beam is defocused by 12mm.
In a preferred embodiment, the laser beam is applied to the powder-cored wire at a position spaced from the cutting edge base material by a distance of 1.5mm.
The process parameters for preparing the laser cladding layer in this embodiment are shown in table 1 below, where P is laser power, vs is wire feeding speed, vm is scanning speed, α 1 is an included angle between a welding wire and a normal line of a cutting edge plane, α 2 is an included angle between a laser beam and a normal line of the cutting edge plane, h is a vertical height between a point of action of the laser beam and the welding wire and a plane of a base material of the cutting edge, and f is a defocusing amount of the laser beam.
TABLE 1 laser cladding technological parameter Table
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the composition of the flux-cored wire used in the method of the present invention may be configured as desired for the composition of the alloy layer. In a preferred embodiment, the main components of the alloy powder in the flux-cored wire are Fe, cr, C and Si, the sheath material of the flux-cored wire is pure iron, and the diameter of the wire is 1.6mm. In a preferred embodiment, the welding wire is a flux-cored welding wire with adjustable composition.
In a preferred embodiment, the cutting edge base material is a thin-wall cutting edge stainless steel cutter, specifically 3Cr13 martensitic stainless steel with the specification of 150mm multiplied by 30mm multiplied by 2.5 mm. The cutting edge base material is cleaned by abrasive paper and wire drawing cloth before cladding, and the surface is wiped clean by acetone.
The surface topography of the cladding layer of the embodiment is shown in fig. 2, and the surface of the cladding layer has metallic luster, good surface forming, flatness and continuity.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional metallographic view of the cladding layer prepared as described in this example. It can be seen that the internal components of the cladding layer are stable and free of defects, and the base material melts less, with a dilution rate of only 15%. The deposition efficiency under the parameter is 0.54 kg/(h.kW), which is about 2 times of that of the traditional laser cladding technology.
Example 2
This embodiment provides a cutter blade laser cladding system, includes:
a wire feeder capable of feeding a flux-cored wire to a cutting edge of the cutter;
the laser output device is arranged to enable the powder-cored welding wire and the laser beam to be arranged on two sides of the normal line of the cutting edge plane at a certain included angle;
the wire feeder is a coaxial protection wire feeder and is set to enable the shielding gas to be loaded coaxially with the powder-cored welding wire, and the flowing direction of the shielding gas is consistent with the feeding direction of the powder-cored welding wire;
the laser beam of the laser output device directly acts on the surface of the powder-cored welding wire in a certain defocusing state, and the action position of a light spot is separated from the cutting edge base material by a certain distance, so that the powder-cored welding wire is melted in a deep melting mode and transited to the surface of the cutting edge base material below to form a cladding layer;
and the laser beam penetrating through the powder-cored welding wire preheats the cutting edge base material in a heat conduction mode.
In a preferred embodiment, the material of the cutting edge of the cutter is Cr13 type stainless steel.
In a preferred embodiment, the alloy powder of the flux-cored wire comprises one or more of Fe, cr, C and Si, and the sheath material of the flux-cored wire is pure iron.
Other process parameters of the laser cladding system for the cutting edge of the cutter in the embodiment are the same as those of the laser cladding system in the embodiment 1, and are not repeated here.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (2)
1. A preparation method of a laser cladding layer of a cutting edge of a cutter based on a powder core wire deep melting mode comprises the following steps:
arranging the powder-cored welding wire and the laser beam at two sides of the normal of the plane of the cutting edge at a certain included angle;
loading shielding gas and the powder-cored welding wire coaxially, wherein the flowing direction of the shielding gas is consistent with the feeding direction of the powder-cored welding wire;
the laser beam directly acts on the surface of the powder-cored welding wire in a certain defocusing state, and the action position of a light spot is separated from the cutting edge base material by a certain distance, so that the powder-cored welding wire is melted in a deep melting mode and transited to the surface of the cutting edge base material below the powder-cored welding wire to form a cladding layer;
the laser beam penetrating through the powder-cored welding wire preheats the cutting edge base material in a heat conduction mode;
the cutting edge of the cutter is made of Cr13 type stainless steel;
the diameter of a light spot acted on the surface of the flux-cored welding wire by the laser beam is slightly larger than that of the flux-cored welding wire;
the components of the alloy powder of the powder-cored welding wire comprise one or more of Fe, cr, C and Si, and the sheath material of the powder-cored welding wire is pure iron;
the included angle between the powder-cored welding wire and the normal line of the cutting edge plane is 10-45 degrees;
the included angle between the laser beam and the normal line of the cutting edge plane is 15-45 degrees;
the defocusing amount between the action of the laser beam and the surface of the powder-cored welding wire is 5-20 mm; the vertical height between the action position of the laser beam and the powder-cored welding wire and the plane of the cutting edge base material is 0-5 mm;
the power of the laser beam is 25 kW-6 kW, the scanning speed is 0.5 m/min-6 m/min, and the wire feeding speed is 0.5 m/min-6 m/min.
2. A tool cutting edge laser cladding system comprising:
a wire feeder capable of feeding a flux-cored wire to a cutting edge of the cutter;
the laser output device is arranged to enable the powder-cored welding wire and the laser beam to be arranged on two sides of the normal line of the cutting edge plane at a certain included angle;
the wire feeder is a coaxial protection wire feeder and is set to enable the shielding gas to be coaxially loaded with the powder-cored welding wire, and the flowing direction of the shielding gas is consistent with the feeding direction of the powder-cored welding wire;
the laser beam of the laser output device directly acts on the surface of the powder-cored welding wire in a certain defocusing state, and the action position of a light spot is separated from the cutting edge base material by a certain distance, so that the powder-cored welding wire is melted in a deep melting mode and transited to the surface of the cutting edge base material below to form a cladding layer;
the laser beam penetrating through the powder-cored welding wire preheats the cutting edge base material in a heat conduction mode;
the cutting tool is characterized in that the cutting edge of the cutting tool is made of Cr13 type stainless steel;
the diameter of a light spot acted on the surface of the flux-cored welding wire by the laser beam is slightly larger than that of the flux-cored welding wire;
the components of the alloy powder of the powder-cored welding wire comprise one or more of Fe, cr, C and Si, and the sheath material of the powder-cored welding wire is pure iron;
the included angle between the powder core welding wire and the normal line of the cutting edge plane is 10-45 degrees;
the included angle between the laser beam and the normal line of the cutting edge plane is 15-45 degrees;
the defocusing amount between the action of the laser beam and the surface of the powder-cored welding wire is 5-20 mm; the vertical height between the action position of the laser beam and the powder-cored welding wire and the plane of the cutting edge base material is 0-5 mm;
the power of the laser beam is 25 kW-6 kW, the scanning speed is 0.5 m/min-6 m/min, and the wire feeding speed is 0.5 m/min-6 m/min.
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| US20200061747A1 (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2020-02-27 | Hangzhou Great Star Industrial Co., Ltd. | Tool with cutting edge and method of manufacturing it |
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