CN111058035B - Process for preparing wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant alloy coating on surface of copper and copper alloy by laser cladding and alloy coating - Google Patents

Process for preparing wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant alloy coating on surface of copper and copper alloy by laser cladding and alloy coating Download PDF

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CN111058035B
CN111058035B CN201911407339.2A CN201911407339A CN111058035B CN 111058035 B CN111058035 B CN 111058035B CN 201911407339 A CN201911407339 A CN 201911407339A CN 111058035 B CN111058035 B CN 111058035B
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laser
copper
laser beam
resistant
cladding
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CN111058035A (en
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蒋士春
唱丽丽
邢飞
于辉勇
周文超
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Nanjing Zhongke Raycham Laser Technology Co Ltd
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Nanjing Zhongke Raycham Laser Technology Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
    • C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
    • C22C19/058—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium without Mo and W
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/52—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with cobalt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides the technical field of laser cladding additive manufacturing, and discloses a process for preparing a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant alloy coating by laser cladding on the surface of copper and copper alloy and the alloy coating, wherein powder materials are prepared into a priming layer powder material and a surface layer powder material according to molar mass percentage, a semiconductor laser is adopted on the surface of the copper and copper alloy to respectively laser clad the priming layer powder material and the surface layer powder material in sequence, two round laser spots are adopted on the laser spots, and a powder feeding nozzle is compounded with a first laser beam to form a coaxial powder feeding mode; the second laser beam is arranged at the front end, an oval light spot projection is formed on the surface of the workpiece, the front end preheats the surface of the copper alloy, and the rear end of the second laser beam and the small round light spot formed by the first laser beam form a composite energy field for cladding processing. The invention can effectively realize metallurgical bonding of the coating interface, remarkably improve the wear resistance of the coating, prolong the replacement period of components and simultaneously inhibit oxidative corrosion in a high-temperature and high-humidity working environment.

Description

Process for preparing wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant alloy coating on surface of copper and copper alloy by laser cladding and alloy coating
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser cladding additive manufacturing, in particular to a process for preparing a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant alloy coating on the surface of copper and copper alloy by laser cladding, which is suitable for surface protection and remanufacture of other copper and copper alloy components such as a continuous rolling and continuous casting copper plate crystallizer, an aluminum plate rolling copper roller and the like.
Background
Copper and copper alloys have good thermal conductivity and are often used to make thermally conductive parts, of which a crystallizer is an important application. The crystallizer is the core equipment of the continuous casting process, and the surface quality of the copper plate of the crystallizer directly influences the stability of continuous casting production. The continuous casting production process is one of the core processes of the modern steel industry, and the crystallizer is an important heat conducting component from liquid molten steel to solidified solid blank shells in continuous casting and is heart equipment of the continuous casting process. The basic function is to utilize cooling water to indirectly take away heat in molten steel through a water-cooled copper plate, so that the molten steel continuously forms a blank shell with certain thickness and certain strength in a crystallizer. In the production process, the crystallizer copper plate is continuously subjected to impact of high temperature, high pressure and strong friction, and the working environment is extremely severe. Therefore, the quality of the surface performance of the copper plate of the crystallizer directly influences the product quality, the production efficiency and the production cost of the continuous casting process. In addition, there is also a problem of wear failure for aluminum sheet rolled copper roll surfaces.
At present, the surface strengthening technology of copper and copper alloy mainly comprises electroplating, composite plating and thermal spraying. However, the current strengthening technology still has the following main problems: the reinforced layer has poor wear resistance, and the surface of the copper crystallizer has short service life; metallurgical bonding is not formed between the coating and the copper matrix, and the coating is easy to fall off. The difficulty of preparing the wear-resistant coating on the surface of copper and copper alloy by common laser cladding is still large, and the control of the technological process is unstable
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of serious abrasion of a crystallizer and a copper roller of a copper plate of a continuous rolling and casting production line in the metallurgical industry in the prior art, provides a process for preparing a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant alloy coating on the surface of copper and a copper alloy by laser cladding, effectively realizes metallurgical bonding of a coating interface, obviously improves the wear-resistant performance of the coating, prolongs the replacement period of parts, and simultaneously achieves the purpose of inhibiting oxidative corrosion in a high-temperature and high-humidity working environment.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a process for preparing a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant alloy coating on the surface of copper and copper alloy by laser cladding, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing powder materials by mol percent: proportioning the components of a bottom layer powder material: c-0.03%, B-1.1%, Si-2.0%, Fe-1.5%, Cu-25.0%, Cr-2.5%, and Ni-bal; secondly, the surface layer powder material comprises the following components in proportion: c-0.05%, Cr-19.32%, B-0.98%, Si-0.89%, Mn-0.16%, Mo-0.3%, Ni-2.58%, Co-0.15%, V-0.04%, Fe-bal;
step 2, pretreating the prepared powder material and the surface of copper and copper alloy to be processed;
and 3, respectively laser cladding a priming layer and a surface layer powder material on the surfaces of the copper and the copper alloy by adopting a semiconductor laser in sequence, wherein: the laser facula adopts two round laser faculas, and the powder feeding nozzle is compounded with the first laser beam to form a coaxial powder feeding mode, so that a coaxial powder feeding powder gathering area formed on the surface of the workpiece is positioned at the center of a small round facula area formed on the surface of the workpiece by the first laser beam; and the second laser beam is arranged at the front end of the first laser beam and forms an oval light spot projection on the surface of the workpiece, wherein in the cladding direction, the front end of the oval light spot projection preheats the surface of the copper alloy, the rear end of the oval light spot projection and the small circular light spot formed by the first laser beam form a composite energy field, and the cladding processing is carried out on the powder material in the coaxial powder feeding powder gathering area on the surface of the workpiece.
Preferably, in step 3, the minor axis diameter of the projection of the elliptical light spot is larger than the diameter of the small circular light spot.
Preferably, a plane formed by the first laser beam and the second laser beam forms an angle of 8 degrees with the vertical plane of the surface of the workpiece, the first laser beam forms an angle of 5 degrees with the vertical direction, the second laser beam and the first laser beam are fixed in the same plane in an angle of 45 degrees to 50 degrees, and a connecting line of an action point of the two laser beams on the surface of the workpiece and the center of the cross section of the round roller-shaped workpiece forms an angle of 6 degrees with a vertical axis passing through the center of the circle.
Preferably, in the laser cladding process of step 3, the adopted process parameters are as follows:
firstly, priming a bottom layer:
the first laser beam: the laser power is 2.5kW, the spot size is 3mm, the scanning speed is 780mm/min, the powder feeding amount is 1.0r/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, and the Ar gas protection flow is 40 ml/min; the second laser beam: the laser power is 2.3kW, the spot size is 4mm, the scanning speed is 780mm/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, and the air knife protection flow is 80 ml/min;
surface layer:
the first laser beam: the laser power is 1.8kW, the spot size is 3mm, the scanning speed is 780mm/min, the powder feeding amount is 2.3r/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, and the Ar gas protection flow is 40 ml/min; the second laser beam: the laser power is 1.6kW, the spot size is 4mm, the scanning speed is 780mm/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, and the air knife protection flow is 80 ml/min;
preferably, in the laser cladding process, M is formed in the cladding layer23C6And M7C3A hard phase.
Preferably, the front end 2/3 of the oval spot projection preheats the copper alloy surface, and 1/3 of the rear end forms a composite energy field with the small circular spot formed by the first laser beam.
Preferably, the pre-treatment of the formulated powder material comprises:
the powder material of the bottom layer and the powder material of the surface layer are respectively mixed for 2 hours, and the two powder materials are dried for 1.5 hours in vacuum at 100 ℃ before use.
By the technical scheme, the invention has the remarkable advantages that:
because the traditional single beam laser cladding of the dissimilar high-wear-resistant material on the surface of the copper alloy is very difficult, and the molding of the dissimilar high-wear-resistant material on the surface of the copper alloy cannot be effectively carried out, the invention adopts the combination of two laser beams, wherein 2/3 areas of oval light spots are used for preheating the surface of the copper alloy at the front end, 1/3 areas are used for forming a composite energy field with the combination of round light spots, and the effect of 1+1>2 superposition of a heat source is achieved; 1/3 on the back edge of the oval light spot just acts on a powder gathering point, so that the powder is well preheated, and the powder melting rate and wettability are increased; the large light spot is adopted for cladding with the assistance of the small light spot, and the scanning width of the large light spot is larger than that of the subsequent cladding light spot, so that the problem that the boundary bonding strength is insufficient due to the incomplete fusion or semi-fusion state of two boundaries of a single-channel cladding layer caused by insufficient boundary energy during cladding of the subsequent small light spot can be solved.
It should be understood that all combinations of the foregoing concepts and additional concepts described in greater detail below can be considered as part of the inventive subject matter of this disclosure unless such concepts are mutually inconsistent. In addition, all combinations of claimed subject matter are considered a part of the presently disclosed subject matter.
The foregoing and other aspects, embodiments and features of the present teachings can be more fully understood from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Additional aspects of the present invention, such as features and/or advantages of exemplary embodiments, will be apparent from the description which follows, or may be learned by practice of specific embodiments in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
Drawings
The drawings are not intended to be drawn to scale. In the drawings, each identical or nearly identical component that is illustrated in various figures may be represented by a like numeral. For purposes of clarity, not every component may be labeled in every drawing. Embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1a, 1b and 1c are relative position relationships of a first laser beam and a second laser beam in a preparation process of the wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant laser cladding coating of copper and copper alloy, wherein fig. 1a is a left side view, fig. 1b is a front view, and fig. 1c is a schematic view of relative position projections of two laser beam sources on the surface of a workpiece.
Fig. 2a and 2b are macroscopic morphology graphs of the wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant laser cladding coating of copper and copper alloy, wherein 2a is the surface of a copper and copper alloy workpiece to be processed (a round roller-shaped workpiece), and 2b is the morphology of the coating prepared by the process of the invention.
FIGS. 3a and 3b are sectional profiles of the wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant laser cladding coating of copper and copper alloy at different positions according to the present invention.
Fig. 4a, 4b and 4c are the microstructure morphology of the interface and the surface layer of the wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant laser cladding coating of copper and copper alloy of the invention, fig. 4b is the microstructure morphology of the lower part of 4a, and 4c is the microstructure morphology of the upper part of 4 a.
FIG. 5 is a diffraction pattern of the surface phase of the cladding layer of the wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant laser cladding coating of copper and copper alloy prepared by the invention.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional hardness distribution curve diagram of the wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant laser cladding coating of copper and copper alloy prepared by the invention.
FIG. 7 is a graph of the friction coefficient of the wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant laser cladding coating of copper and copper alloy prepared by the invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the micro-topography of the wear surface of the wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant laser cladding coating sample piece of copper and copper alloy prepared by the invention.
In the drawings, the reference numerals have the following meanings: 1-a first laser beam; 2-a second laser beam; 3-round roll-shaped workpieces; 4-workpiece rotation direction; 5-two laser beam positions in front view; 6-vertical plane; 7, enabling the first laser beam to have a spot on the surface of the workpiece, wherein the spot is 3mm in size; 8-coaxial powder feeding powder gathering area; 9, enabling the second laser beam to have a spot on the surface of the workpiece, wherein the spot is 4mm in size; 10-spot center spacing of two laser beams, L =2 mm; 11-direction of relative workpiece movement of the two laser beams.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the present invention, specific embodiments are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In this disclosure, aspects of the present invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which a number of illustrative embodiments are shown. Embodiments of the present disclosure are not necessarily intended to include all aspects of the invention. It should be appreciated that the various concepts and embodiments described above, as well as those described in greater detail below, may be implemented in any of numerous ways, as the disclosed concepts and embodiments are not limited to any one implementation. In addition, some aspects of the present disclosure may be used alone, or in any suitable combination with other aspects of the present disclosure.
The invention provides a coating powder material for wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant laser cladding, which has good coating bonding performance, low production cost and simple method and is suitable for industrial production aiming at the problem of serious abrasion of a continuous rolling and continuous casting copper plate crystallizer and a copper sleeve roller in the ferrous metallurgy industry.
The invention provides a process for preparing a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant alloy coating on the surface of copper and copper alloy by laser cladding, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing powder materials by mol percent: proportioning the components of a bottom layer powder material: c-0.03%, B-1.1%, Si-2.0%, Fe-1.5%, Cu-25.0%, Cr-2.5%, and Ni-bal; secondly, the surface layer powder material comprises the following components in proportion: c-0.05%, Cr-19.32%, B-0.98%, Si-0.89%, Mn-0.16%, Mo-0.3%, Ni-2.58%, Co-0.15%, V-0.04%, Fe-bal;
step 2, pretreating the prepared powder material and the surface of copper and copper alloy to be processed;
and 3, respectively laser cladding a priming layer and a surface layer powder material on the surfaces of the copper and the copper alloy by adopting a semiconductor laser in sequence, wherein: the laser facula adopts two round laser faculas, and the powder feeding nozzle is compounded with the first laser beam to form a coaxial powder feeding mode, so that a coaxial powder feeding powder gathering area formed on the surface of the workpiece is positioned at the center of a small round facula area formed on the surface of the workpiece by the first laser beam; and the second laser beam is arranged at the front end of the first laser beam and forms an oval light spot projection on the surface of the workpiece, wherein in the cladding direction, the front end of the oval light spot projection preheats the surface of the copper alloy, the rear end of the oval light spot projection and the small circular light spot formed by the first laser beam form a composite energy field, and the cladding processing is carried out on the powder material in the coaxial powder feeding powder gathering area on the surface of the workpiece.
Fig. 2a and 2b show examples before and after preparing an alloy coating on the surface of a round roll-shaped workpiece (cylinder) by way of example (the alloy coating prepared in fig. 2 is not subjected to grinding and polishing).
As shown by combining with the figures 3a and 3b, the wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating prepared according to the scheme of the invention has a hump phenomenon at the interface, presents good metallurgical bonding and has good industrial application prospect and economic benefit. And wherein M is formed in the cladding layer23C6And M7C3The hard phase can effectively improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the coating.
The problems of the erosion abrasion of molten metal to the surface of a copper plate crystallizer and the sliding abrasion of a high-temperature aluminum plate to the surface of a copper sleeve roller in the ferrous metallurgy industry cause the size loss of parts and the quality reduction of products, so the improvement of the surface performance of a workpiece is very important for prolonging the service life of the workpiece. The invention adopts the prepared wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant powder material and the double-beam heat source compounding mode to prepare the alloy coating with high hardness and high corrosion resistance, and can effectively prolong the service life of the workpiece.
Preferably, in step 3, the minor axis diameter of the projection of the elliptical light spot is larger than the diameter of the small circular light spot.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1a to 1c, a plane formed by the first laser beam and the second laser beam forms an angle of 8 ° with the vertical plane of the workpiece surface, the first laser beam forms an angle of 5 ° with the vertical direction, the second laser beam and the first laser beam are fixed in the same plane at an angle of 45 ° to 50 °, and a connecting line between an action point of the two laser beams on the workpiece surface and the center of the circular roll-shaped workpiece cross section forms an angle of 6 ° with the vertical axis passing through the center of the circle. The included angle between the first laser beam and the vertical direction is very small, the projection is equivalent to a circular light spot, the included angle between the second laser beam and the first laser beam is 45-50 degrees, namely the second laser beam is obliquely incident on the surface of the workpiece, and the projection of the second laser beam on the surface of the workpiece is an elliptical light spot.
Preferably, in the laser cladding process of step 3, the adopted process parameters are as follows:
firstly, priming a bottom layer:
the first laser beam: the laser power is 2.5kW, the spot size is 3mm, the scanning speed is 780mm/min, the powder feeding amount is 1.0r/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, and the Ar gas protection flow is 40 ml/min; the second laser beam: the laser power is 2.3kW, the spot size is 4mm, the scanning speed is 780mm/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, and the air knife protection flow is 80 ml/min;
surface layer:
the first laser beam: the laser power is 1.8kW, the spot size is 3mm, the scanning speed is 780mm/min, the powder feeding amount is 2.3r/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, and the Ar gas protection flow is 40 ml/min; the second laser beam: the laser power is 1.6kW, the spot size is 4mm, the scanning speed is 780mm/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, and the air knife protection flow is 80 ml/min;
preference is given toIn the laser cladding process, M is formed in the cladding layer23C6And M7C3A hard phase.
Preferably, the front end 2/3 of the oval spot projection preheats the copper alloy surface, and 1/3 of the rear end forms a composite energy field with the small circular spot formed by the first laser beam.
Preferably, the pre-treatment of the formulated powder material comprises:
the powder material of the bottom layer and the powder material of the surface layer are respectively mixed for 2 hours, and the two powder materials are dried for 1.5 hours in vacuum at 100 ℃ before use.
Examples of the various embodiments are described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
In the embodiment, the laser cladding powder material is mixed with the powder according to the proportion, and the mixing time is 2 hours by adopting an electromagnetic mixer. Meanwhile, red copper T1 is selected as a base material (round roller workpiece) for laser cladding, and the sample size is phi 150mm multiplied by 300mm multiplied by 20mm (outer diameter multiplied by length multiplied by wall thickness).
The laser cladding experimental equipment adopts ZKYC-LCD-4000 type laser to remanufacture a set of equipment: the device comprises a Kuka KUKA60-3 robot, a Prusst YC52 coaxial powder feeding processing head, a laser line semiconductor 4000W laser, a same-flying MCWL-120DT2 water cooler and an RC-PGF-D-2 double-barrel powder feeder. The main process parameters of laser cladding are as follows:
bottom layer: the first laser beam: the laser power is 2.5kW, the spot size is 3mm, the scanning speed is 780mm/min, the powder feeding amount is 1.0r/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, and the Ar gas protection flow is 40 ml/min; the second laser beam: the laser power is 2.3kW, the spot size is 4mm, the scanning speed is 780mm/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, and the air knife protection flow is 80 ml/min; surface layer: the first laser beam: the laser power is 1.8kW, the spot size is 3mm, the scanning speed is 780mm/min, the powder feeding amount is 2.3r/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, and the Ar gas protection flow is 40 ml/min; the second laser beam: the laser power is 1.6kW, the spot size is 4mm, the scanning speed is 780mm/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, and the air knife protection flow is 80 ml/min; the sample prepared by laser cladding is a single-layer multi-channel lap cladding coating, the size length of the cladding layer is 50mm, the thickness of the priming layer is 0.6mm, and the cladding thickness of the surface layer is about 1.4 mm. The Sample was taken by wire-cut and the Sample obtained was Sample-1 as shown in FIG. 3 a.
In the cladding process, the light spots of the double laser beams shown in fig. 1a to 1c are adopted for cladding, wherein V represents the rotation direction of the workpiece and represents the inner diameter of the cylindrical workpiece.
Example 2
And (3) mixing the laser cladding powder material with the powder according to the proportion in the step (1), and mixing for 2 hours by adopting an electromagnetic mixer. Meanwhile, red copper T1 is selected as a base material for laser cladding, and the sample size is phi 100mm multiplied by 300mm multiplied by 10mm (outer diameter multiplied by length multiplied by wall thickness).
The laser cladding experimental equipment adopts ZKYC-LCD-4000 type laser to remanufacture a set of equipment: the device comprises a Kuka KUKA60-3 robot, a Prusst YC52 coaxial powder feeding processing head, a laser line semiconductor 4000W laser, a same-flying MCWL-120DT2 water cooler and an RC-PGF-D-2 double-barrel powder feeder. The main process parameters of laser cladding are as follows: firstly, priming a bottom layer: the first laser beam: the laser power is 2.5kW, the spot size is 3mm, the scanning speed is 780mm/min, the powder feeding amount is 1.0r/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, and the Ar gas protection flow is 40 ml/min; the second laser beam: the laser power is 2.3kW, the spot size is 4mm, the scanning speed is 780mm/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, and the air knife protection flow is 80 ml/min; surface layer: the first laser beam: the laser power is 1.8kW, the spot size is 3mm, the scanning speed is 780mm/min, the powder feeding amount is 2.3r/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, and the Ar gas protection flow is 40 ml/min; the second laser beam: the laser power is 1.6kW, the spot size is 4mm, the scanning speed is 780mm/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, and the air knife protection flow is 80 ml/min; the sample prepared by laser cladding is a single-layer multi-channel lap cladding coating, the size length of the cladding layer is 50mm, the thickness of the priming layer is 0.6mm, and the cladding thickness of the surface layer is about 1.4 mm. The Sample was taken by wire-cut and the Sample obtained was Sample-2, as shown in FIG. 3 b.
In the cladding process, the light spots of the double laser beams shown in fig. 1a to 1c are adopted for cladding, wherein V represents the rotation direction of the workpiece and represents the inner diameter of the cylindrical workpiece.
The surface morphology, the tissue morphology and the analysis result shown in the attached drawing show that the coating obtained by the invention has high surface quality, no defects such as cracks, pores and the like exist in the coating, and the maximum thickness of the wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant layer of the coating can reach 1.5 mm.
Further analysis of the sample prepared in example 1, combined with the cross-sectional hardness distribution curve and the schematic diagram of the friction curve and the surface wear profile shown in the figure, the micro-hardness of the wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating is greatly improved compared with that of the substrate T1, the wear amount of the coating is very small, the wear surface is observed to be visible, the surface shows a furrow-shaped grinding mark with regular thickness and consistent depth, as shown in the figure, only a pit is locally peeled off, because the hardness of the cladding layer surface is higher than that of the substrate, the conditions that the metal surface is sheared and the surface metal is adhered to a grinding ring to pull up the surface metal can be greatly relieved during wear. Meanwhile, the hard phase can also play a role in lubricating a friction pair to a certain extent in the abrasion process, so that the abrasion is reduced. When the alloy is worn to a certain depth, the hard phase in the cladding layer is used as a second phase, and the effects of bearing load and protecting the metal to be worn can be achieved.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims (6)

1. A process for preparing a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant alloy coating on the surface of copper and copper alloy by laser cladding is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, preparing powder materials by mol percent: proportioning the components of a bottom layer powder material: c-0.03%, B-1.1%, Si-2.0%, Fe-1.5%, Cu-25.0%, Cr-2.5%, and Ni-bal; secondly, the surface layer powder material comprises the following components in proportion: c-0.05%, Cr-19.32%, B-0.98%, Si-0.89%, Mn-0.16%, Mo-0.3%, Ni-2.58%, Co-0.15%, V-0.04%, Fe-bal;
step 2, pretreating the prepared powder material and the surface of copper and copper alloy to be processed;
and 3, respectively laser cladding a priming layer and a surface layer powder material on the surfaces of the copper and the copper alloy by adopting a semiconductor laser in sequence, wherein: the laser facula adopts two round laser faculas, and the powder feeding nozzle is compounded with the first laser beam to form a coaxial powder feeding mode, so that a coaxial powder feeding powder gathering area formed on the surface of the workpiece is positioned at the center of a small round facula area formed on the surface of the workpiece by the first laser beam; the second laser beam is arranged at the front end of the first laser beam and forms an oval light spot projection on the surface of the workpiece, wherein in the cladding direction, the front end of the oval light spot projection preheats the surface of the copper alloy, the rear end of the oval light spot projection and a small circular light spot formed by the first laser beam form a composite energy field, and the cladding processing is carried out on the powder material in the coaxial powder feeding powder gathering area on the surface of the workpiece; the minor axis diameter of the projection of the oval light spot is larger than that of the small circular light spot;
in the laser cladding process of the step 3, the adopted process parameters are as follows:
firstly, priming a bottom layer:
the first laser beam: the laser power is 2.5kW, the spot size is 3mm, the scanning speed is 780mm/min, the powder feeding amount is 1.0r/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, and the Ar gas protection flow is 40 ml/min; the second laser beam: the laser power is 2.3kW, the spot size is 4mm, the scanning speed is 780mm/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, and the air knife protection flow is 80 ml/min;
surface layer:
the first laser beam: the laser power is 1.8kW, the spot size is 3mm, the scanning speed is 780mm/min, the powder feeding amount is 2.3r/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, and the Ar gas protection flow is 40 ml/min; the second laser beam: the laser power is 1.6kW, the spot size is 4mm, the scanning speed is 780mm/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, and the air knife protection flow is 80 ml/min.
2. The process for preparing the wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant alloy coating by laser cladding on the surface of the copper and copper alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein an included angle of 8 degrees is formed between a plane formed by the first laser beam and the second laser beam and the vertical surface of the workpiece, an included angle of 5 degrees is formed between the first laser beam and the vertical direction, an included angle of 45 degrees to 50 degrees is formed between the second laser beam and the first laser beam in the same plane, and an included angle of 6 degrees is formed between a connecting line of an acting point of the two laser beams on the surface of the workpiece and the center of the cross section of the round roller-shaped workpiece and a vertical axis passing through the.
3. The process for preparing the wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant alloy coating on the surface of copper and copper alloy according to claim 1, wherein M is formed in the cladding layer in the laser cladding process23C6And M7C3A hard phase.
4. The process for preparing the wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant alloy coating by laser cladding on the copper and copper alloy surface according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the front end 2/3 of the projection of the oval light spot preheats the copper alloy surface, and the rear end 1/3 of the projection of the oval light spot and the small round light spot formed by the first laser beam form a composite energy field.
5. The process for preparing the wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant alloy coating on the surface of the copper and the copper alloy by laser cladding according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the pretreatment of the prepared powder material comprises the following steps:
the powder material of the bottom layer and the powder material of the surface layer are respectively mixed for 2 hours, and the two powder materials are dried for 1.5 hours in vacuum at 100 ℃ before use.
6. A wear and corrosion resistant alloy coating on the surface of copper and copper alloys prepared by the process according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
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