CN113273535B - River coastal zone habitat simulation system convenient for adjusting gradient of flow channel - Google Patents
River coastal zone habitat simulation system convenient for adjusting gradient of flow channel Download PDFInfo
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- CN113273535B CN113273535B CN202110490555.9A CN202110490555A CN113273535B CN 113273535 B CN113273535 B CN 113273535B CN 202110490555 A CN202110490555 A CN 202110490555A CN 113273535 B CN113273535 B CN 113273535B
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 180
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- -1 pebbles Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 10
- 101000927062 Haematobia irritans exigua Aquaporin Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/06—Arrangements for heating or lighting in, or attached to, receptacles for live fish
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
- E02B1/02—Hydraulic models
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a river coastal zone habitat simulation system capable of controlling sediment content, which comprises a water circulation device and one or more experiment water channels, wherein each experiment water channel comprises a water inlet section and a flow channel which are communicated, the head of each flow channel is in sliding connection with the tail of each water inlet section, a substrate is laid in each flow channel, the substrate can be made of sediment, pebbles, ceramic sheets or ceramic sheets and the like singly or in a mixed mode, and the required sediment can be collected from a target water area and laid in each water channel. The river coastal zone habitat simulation system can adjust the gradient of the flow channel by adjusting the height of the head of the flow channel to form the flow channel with a certain gradient, so that the influence of the flow channels with different gradients on water ecology in the flow channel is researched, the influence of different environmental conditions on aquatic organisms in the river coastal zone is tested, the ecological process of biological coverage is researched and discussed, and scientific support is provided for the reconstruction of the habitat of the damaged river coastal zone and the recovery and reconstruction of biological resources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of water environments, in particular to a river coastal zone habitat simulation system convenient for adjusting the gradient of a flow channel.
Background
The river riparian zone is an important passage for energy, substances and organisms to pass through landscape and is also a habitat and corridor between a land area and an aquatic area, and has ecological functions of conserving water sources, purifying water quality, maintaining biological diversity and the like for a water body and the vicinity thereof. Research shows that substances and energy flows in the transverse direction (from the riverbank high land to the river water body) and the longitudinal direction (from the upstream to the downstream of the river) of the river are coordinated along a bank zone by filtering and retaining sediments, water, nutrient substances and the like, so that the water-retaining agent plays an important role in reducing the soil erosion degree, stabilizing channels, protecting biological habitats and improving water quality related to the water-retaining agent, and is an important barrier for river health.
A simulation system of the habitat of the river riparian zone is developed in the previous research, and is further improved on the basis of the simulation system for the influence of different gradients and depths on the ecology of a water body and the water riparian zone, so that the simulation system of the habitat of the river riparian zone, which is convenient for adjusting the gradient of a flow channel, is obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a river coastal zone habitat simulation system capable of controlling sediment content.
The experimental water channel comprises a water inlet section and a flow channel which are communicated, the head of the flow channel is in sliding connection with the tail of the water inlet section, a baffle is arranged at the connection part of the water inlet section and the flow channel, and the upper edge of the baffle is higher than the substrate;
the depth of the water inlet section is greater than that of the flow channel, the running water outlet is communicated with the water circulating device, and a bottom material is laid at the bottom of the flow channel.
The substrate can be made of silt, pebble, ceramic chip or ceramic chip, etc. singly or in combination, or the required deposit can be collected from the target water area and laid in the water channel.
The river coastal zone habitat simulation system can adjust the gradient of the flow channel by adjusting the height of the head of the flow channel to form the flow channel with a certain gradient, so that the influence of the flow channel with different gradients on water ecology in the flow channel is researched, the influence of different environmental conditions on aquatic organisms in the river coastal zone is tested, the ecological process of biological coverage is researched and discussed, and scientific support is provided for the reconstruction of the ecological environment of the damaged river coastal zone and the recovery and reconstruction of biological resources.
In a particular embodiment, the bottom of the flow channel is provided with a plurality of height adjustable supports. The height of the support can be adjusted according to the gradient of the flow channel, and support is provided for the flow channel.
In a preferred embodiment, the flow channel is composed of a plurality of detachable flow channel units, and the bottom of each flow channel unit is provided with one support. Through the arrangement, the flow channel can be built more conveniently. Preferably, a connecting part is arranged between every two adjacent sections of the runner units, and two ends of the connecting part are respectively in shaft connection with one runner unit. Through the connection mode, each flow channel unit can form the slope of the flow channel unit, and a more complex flow channel is constructed.
In a specific embodiment, one or more stages of longitudinal steps are arranged on the inner side wall of the flow channel, and a bottom material is laid on the upward surface of the steps. By this arrangement, the effect of the same environmental conditions on substrates at different depths can be observed in one flow channel. Preferably, the flowing water outlet is provided with a tail gate with the lower end thereof being in shaft connection with the bottom of the runner, and the water depth can be more conveniently adjusted by rotating the tail gate. Preferably, the water depth is adjusted so that the uppermost substrate is substantially level with the water surface to simulate a beach.
In a preferred embodiment, the baffle is raised at a position corresponding to the step. In the application process, when the simulation system of the river coastal zone habitat with the river beach is constructed, water can flow in the river beach.
In a specific embodiment, the river coastal zone habitat simulation system is further provided with a lighting device. The illumination device can be installed above the flow channel, and the illumination intensity, illumination time and illumination period of the water surface can be controlled by controlling the illumination device.
In one embodiment, the water circulation device includes a water storage tank receiving water from the water recovery device, a first pump communicating with the experimental flume through the first water supply pipe, and a first water supply pipe, the first pump driving water in the water storage tank into the experimental flume through the first water supply pipe. The flow rate and water depth in the experimental channel were controlled by the first pump.
Preferably, the water storage tank is surrounded by heat insulation materials, and a temperature control device is arranged in the water storage tank. Preferably, the first water supply pipe is set to be controllable in temperature to form a constant temperature system, and water in the water storage tank flows through the first water supply pipe to obtain a specific temperature, so that the temperature of the water flowing in the experimental water channel is controlled. In the experimental process, two experimental water channels can be respectively set into two experimental groups, one experimental water channel is used for temperature control, and the other experimental water channel is not used for temperature control. A plurality of experiment control groups can also be arranged, and the water temperature is controlled in a preset temperature range respectively. Through the setting, the influence of different water temperatures on ecology can be compared.
In a specific embodiment, the river coastal zone habitat simulation system further comprises a water recovery device, the water recovery device comprises a recovery tank, an overflow pipe, a second pump and a second water supply pipe, a water inlet of the overflow pipe is arranged in the water storage tank, a water outlet of the overflow pipe is arranged in the recovery tank, the recovery tank is communicated with the water circulation device through the second water supply pipe, and the second pump can drive water in the recovery tank into the water circulation device through the second water supply pipe. When the water level in the water storage tank is higher than the overflow pipe, water in the water storage tank enters the recovery tank through the overflow pipe, and when the water level in the water storage tank is lower than a certain height, the second pump is started to convey water in the recovery tank to the water storage tank.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a river coastal zone habitat simulation system according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a flow channel unit of a river coastal zone habitat simulation system according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a flow channel unit and a connection portion of a river coastal zone habitat simulation system according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of a support of a river coastal zone habitat simulation system according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of a runner and water intake section of a river coastal zone habitat simulation system according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the flow channel and water inlet section of another embodiment of the river coastal zone habitat simulation system of example 3 of the present invention.
In the drawings, the reference numbers indicate the following list of parts:
1. experimental water course, 11, runner, 111, runner unit, 112, connecting portion, 113, step, 12, water inlet section, 13, flowing water outlet, 14, baffle, 2, water circulating device, 21, tank, 22, first pump, 23, first water supply pipe, 3, water recovery unit, 31, recovery tank, 32, overflow pipe, 33, second pump, 34, second water supply pipe, 4, support, 41, base, 42, first support, 43, second support.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the river coastal zone habitat simulation system of the present embodiment includes a water circulation device 2 and one or more experimental water channels 1, the head of the flow channel 11 is slidably connected to the tail of the water intake section 12, a baffle 14 is disposed at the connection position of the water intake section 12 and the flow channel 11, and the upper edge of the baffle 14 is higher than the substrate.
The experimental water channel 1 comprises a water inlet section 12 and a flow channel 11 which are communicated, the depth of the water inlet section 12 is larger than that of the flow channel 11, a running water outlet 13 is communicated with the water circulating device 2, a substrate is laid at the bottom of the flow channel 11, and running water flows on the substrate. In a particular embodiment, the bottom of the flow channel 11 is provided with a plurality of height adjustable holders 4. The height of the support 4 can be adjusted according to the gradient of the flow passage 11 to provide support for the flow passage 11.
The district section of intaking is close to the bottom and is provided with the water inlet, and water gets into the district section of intaking from the low level, intakes through the low level, can eliminate the initial kinetic energy that gets into the flowing water of experiment water course to guarantee that rivers steadily get into the water course, and the convenient velocity of flow of controlling the flowing water in the experiment water course better. The run-off outlet 13 is arranged as a tailgate, over the top of which the water in the flow channel 11 leaves the flow channel 11, the arrangement being such that the water depth can be adjusted by adjusting the height of the tailgate.
The gradient of the flow channel 11 is adjusted by adjusting the height of the head of the flow channel 11, so that the flow channel with a certain gradient is formed, and the influence of the flow channels with different gradients on the water ecology in the flow channel is researched.
In order to avoid long-time water flow corrosion of the water channel and influence on the experimental result, the whole experimental water channel is made of stainless steel materials, wherein the bearing structure is made of stainless steel pipes, the bottom plate and the two side walls of the water channel are made of stainless steel plates, and the overhead part is supported by steel pipes.
The water circulation device 2 comprises a water storage tank 21, a first pump 22 and a first water supply pipe 23, the water storage tank 21 receives water from the water recovery device 3, the water storage tank 21 is communicated with the experimental water channel 1 through the first water supply pipe 23, and the first pump 22 can drive the water in the water storage tank 21 into the experimental water channel 1 through the first water supply pipe 23. The flow rate and water depth in the experimental channel 1 are controlled by the first pump 22.
The water storage tank 21 is surrounded by heat insulation materials, and a temperature control device is arranged in the water storage tank. Preferably, the first water supply pipe 23 is set to be temperature-controllable, so as to form a constant temperature system, and the water in the water storage tank 21 passes through the first water supply pipe 23 to obtain a specific temperature, so as to control the temperature of the running water in the experimental water course. In the experimental process, two experimental water channels can be respectively set into two experimental groups, one experimental water channel is used for temperature control, and the other experimental water channel is not used for temperature control. A plurality of experiment control groups can also be arranged, and the water temperature is controlled within a preset temperature range respectively. Through the setting, the influence of different water temperatures on ecology can be compared.
In a specific embodiment, the river coastal zone habitat simulation system is further provided with a lighting device. The illumination device can be installed above the flow channel 11, and the illumination intensity, illumination time and illumination period of the water surface can be controlled by controlling the illumination device.
The river coastal zone habitat simulation system further comprises a water recovery device 3, wherein the water recovery device 3 comprises a recovery tank 31, an overflow pipe 32, a second pump 33 and a second water supply pipe 34, a water inlet of the overflow pipe 32 is arranged in the water storage tank 21, a water outlet of the overflow pipe is arranged in the recovery tank, the recovery tank 31 is communicated with the water circulation device 2 through the second water supply pipe 34, and the second pump 33 can drive water in the recovery tank 31 into the water circulation device 2 through the second water supply pipe 34. When the water level in the water storage tank 21 is higher than the overflow pipe 32, the water in the water storage tank 21 enters the recovery tank 31 through the overflow pipe 32, and when the water level in the water storage tank 21 is lower than a certain height, the second pump 33 is started to convey the water in the recovery tank 31 to the water storage tank 21.
In one embodiment, the river coastal zone habitat simulation system comprises 12 experimental water channels which can be divided into a plurality of groups for carrying out comparison experiments. In order to reduce the occupied area, a part of the water circulation device 2 is arranged underground, the experimental water channel 1 is arranged on the ground, the flow channel 11 part of the experimental water channel 1 is arranged in an overhead manner, and the bottom of the water inlet section 12 is arranged on the ground or is raised as required.
The river coastal zone habitat simulation system comprises a simulation biological coverage simulation experiment water channel and facilities for underwater adjustable environments such as hydrology, substrate, water quality and the like, and related special equipment is matched on the basis of the construction of the facilities. The method is characterized in that the influences of different environmental conditions on aquatic organisms in the riparian zone of the river are tested by artificially simulating the environments such as water temperature, hydrological water level, flow velocity, water quality, bottom matrix and the like of different riparian zones, the ecological process of biological coverage is studied and discussed, and scientific support is provided for the reconstruction of the habitat of the damaged riparian zone of the river and the recovery and reconstruction of biological resources.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the flow channel 11 is further modified as shown in fig. 2 to 4. The flow channel 11 is formed by splicing a plurality of detachable flow channel units 111, and the bottom of each section of the flow channel unit 111 is provided with one support 4. By this arrangement, the runner 11 can be more conveniently constructed. Preferably, a connecting part 112 is arranged between every two adjacent sections of the runner units, and two ends of the connecting part 112 are respectively coupled with one runner unit. The support 4 comprises a base 41, a first support body 42 and a second support body 43, the flow channel unit 111 is coupled with the first support body 42 and fixedly connected with the second support body 43, and the first support body 42 and the second support body 43 are telescopic in height. The slope of the flow path unit 111 can be adjusted by adjusting the heights of the first and second supports 42 and 43.
In this embodiment, two adjacent flow channel units 111 and the connecting portion can rotate relatively and independently, so that each flow channel unit 111 can independently form its own slope to construct a more complicated flow channel 11.
Example 3
In this embodiment, in order to construct a more complicated flow channel, as shown in fig. 5, a longitudinal step 113 is disposed inside the flow channel 11 near the sidewall, and a substrate is disposed on the upward surface of the step 113. By this arrangement, the effect of the same environmental conditions on substrates at different depths can be observed in one flow channel. Preferably, the flowing water outlet 13 is provided as a tail gate having a lower end coupled to the bottom of the runner 11, and the water depth can be more conveniently adjusted by rotating the tail gate.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the steps 113 are two-step steps, and the baffle 14 is raised at a position corresponding to the second step of the steps 113, and different bottom materials can be laid on the two-step steps, the upper layer can be used for simulating a river beach, and the lower layer and the bottom of the runner can be used for simulating river bottoms of different depths. In the application process, the water depth can be adjusted, the water surface is basically flush with the river beach, and the influence of the environment on river bottoms and river beaches at different depths is simultaneously researched in one runner.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (4)
1. A simulation system for habitat of a river coastal zone is characterized by comprising a water circulation device (2) and one or more experimental water channels (1), wherein flowing water is arranged in the experimental water channels (1),
the experimental water channel (1) comprises a water inlet section (12) and a flow channel (11) which are communicated, the head of the flow channel (11) is connected with the tail of the water inlet section (12) in a sliding mode, and a baffle (14) is arranged at the connection position of the water inlet section (12) and the flow channel (11);
the depth of the water inlet section (12) is greater than that of the flow channel (11), a running water outlet (13) is formed in the tail of the flow channel (11), the running water outlet (13) is communicated with the water circulation device (2), a substrate is laid at the bottom of the flow channel (11), and the upper edge of the baffle (14) is higher than the substrate;
the water circulation device (2) supplies water to the experiment water channel (1) and receives the water from the experiment water channel (1);
the bottom of the runner (11) is provided with a plurality of height-adjustable supports (4), the runner (11) is composed of a plurality of detachable runner units, the bottom of each runner unit is provided with one support (4), and two ends of a connecting part (112) are respectively in shaft connection with one runner unit (111);
two longitudinal steps (113) are arranged in the runner (11) close to the side wall, a bottom is laid on the upward surface of the steps (113), the baffle is heightened at the position corresponding to the second step of the steps (113), and the flowing water outlet (13) is arranged into a tail gate with the lower end fixed with the bottom of the runner (11) and capable of rotating around the lower end.
2. The river coastal zone habitat simulation system of claim 1, wherein the baffle (14) is a detachable structure.
3. A river coastal zone habitat simulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that the water circulation device (2) comprises a water storage tank (21), a first pump (22) and a first water supply pipe (23), the water storage tank (21) receives water from a water recovery device (3), the water storage tank (21) is communicated with the experimental channel (1) through the first water supply pipe (23), and the first pump (22) can drive water in the water storage tank (21) into the experimental channel (1) through the first water supply pipe (23).
4. A river coastal zone habitat simulation system according to claim 1, further comprising a water recovery device (3), wherein the water recovery device (3) comprises a recovery tank (31), an overflow pipe (32), a second pump (33) and a second water supply pipe (34), an inlet of the overflow pipe (32) is arranged in the water storage tank (21), an outlet of the overflow pipe is arranged in the recovery tank, the recovery tank (31) is communicated with the water circulation device (2) through the second water supply pipe (34), and the second pump (33) can drive the water in the water storage tank (21) into the water circulation device (2) through the second water supply pipe (34).
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| CN202110490555.9A CN113273535B (en) | 2021-05-06 | 2021-05-06 | River coastal zone habitat simulation system convenient for adjusting gradient of flow channel |
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| US8481328B1 (en) * | 2011-04-12 | 2013-07-09 | Adam G. Willard | Water flow pattern simulation tank |
| CN102776866B (en) * | 2011-05-11 | 2015-03-04 | 同济大学 | Multi-dimensional filler ecological type protected slope construction method suitable for repairing riverways in towns |
| JP2015137459A (en) * | 2014-01-20 | 2015-07-30 | 中国電力株式会社 | Method and system for sediment processing |
| CN105714730B (en) * | 2016-04-12 | 2017-07-04 | 长春工程学院 | Hydraulic engineering multidimensional adjusts test platform |
| CN205663995U (en) * | 2016-06-02 | 2016-10-26 | 河北钢铁股份有限公司邯郸分公司 | Adjustable pipeline bracket of follow -up |
| CN108018824B (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2020-09-11 | 四川大学 | Braided river flow physical simulation test system |
| CN209603068U (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2019-11-08 | 吉林省水土保持科学研究院 | A kind of landscape water channel |
| CN110578318A (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2019-12-17 | 浙江水利水电学院 | circulating water tank capable of simulating riverway sediment environment |
| CN110629729A (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2019-12-31 | 北京师范大学 | Circulating water flow device for simulating riverways in different riverbank zones |
| CN112095541B (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2021-04-02 | 重庆水利电力职业技术学院 | Hydraulic model test teaching platform |
| CN112219706A (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2021-01-15 | 徐海全 | Aquatic plant testing device and testing method thereof |
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