CN113268880B - Dust explosion major safety risk identification and evaluation method - Google Patents
Dust explosion major safety risk identification and evaluation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dust explosion major safety risk identification and evaluation method. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: dividing dust explosion risk units according to dust explosion related processes of enterprises, determining risk points in the dust explosion risk units for risk identification, and constructing a dust explosion unit risk evaluation model, wherein the dust explosion risk evaluation model comprises risk point inherent risk indexes, unit inherent risk indexes, actual risk dynamic correction indexes, risk point inherent risk index dynamic correction, unit risk frequency indexes, unit initial high-risk risks and unit actual risks; the high-risk real risk assessment model of the dust explosion unit is applied to risk units of dust explosion enterprises, and the risk classification standard of the dust explosion unit is formulated according to the comparability principle of trial calculation results. The invention improves the intrinsic safety degree and the safety management level of dust-related enterprises, prevents serious accidents, and provides theoretical and technical guidance for safety risk management and control of the dust-related enterprises.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of enterprise safety risk identification and evaluation, and particularly relates to a dust explosion major safety risk identification and evaluation method.
Background
The dust explosion refers to a phenomenon that a certain amount of dust is dispersed in air, mixed with the air and dispersed in a closed space, and when sufficient ignition energy is met, the dust is rapidly ignited, so that a series of chain accidents are caused.
According to investigation data of the emergency management department of the people's republic of China, 4704 families of explosive-related dust enterprises, 8319 families of non-explosive-related dust enterprises and 42052 families of explosive-related dust enterprises which are shared in the whole country are newly added by taking 2016 as a boundary.
Along with the annual increase of powder-related explosion-related enterprises, dust explosion accidents happen sometimes, and most of the dust explosion accidents are caused by management defects and low safety awareness.
Foreign experts and scholars put the emphasis on working research on establishing a comprehensive and comprehensive dust explosion risk assessment model which can adapt to any complex environment.
Fuzzy mathematics, probability theory, grey prediction, expert evaluation and other semi-quantitative methods are commonly used for evaluating the fuzzy mathematics, the probability theory, the grey prediction, the expert evaluation and the like.
In general, most methods still estimate the possibility of dust explosion by means of probability.
The experts and scholars in China concentrate most of the centers of gravity of research on traditional, stable and practical evaluation methods, such as a safety checklist method, pre-risk analysis, a risk matrix, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, a fire explosion risk index, a gray prediction method, an analytic hierarchy process and the like.
The method is characterized in that the basic ergonomic four factors of 'man, machine, ring and pipe' which are the most traditional factors are adopted when an explosive dust enterprise risk element index system is established, but the various elements related to different dust places cannot be comprehensively and delicately described.
The serious accidents in China in recent years show that the management idea of taking the industry as the key point to prevent the serious accidents cannot adapt to the actual safety production at present, and how to establish a precise, prospective, systematic and comprehensive prevention and control system aiming at the serious accidents is a major subject to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a dust explosion major safety risk identification and evaluation method aiming at the defects in the prior art.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a dust explosion major safety risk identification and evaluation method comprises the following steps:
dividing dust explosion risk units according to dust explosion related processes of enterprises, and determining risk points in the dust explosion risk units for risk identification, wherein the risk points comprise grain processing and storage and transportation dust explosion risk points, metal processing dust explosion risk points and wood processing dust explosion risk points;
constructing a dust explosion unit risk evaluation model, wherein the dust explosion risk evaluation model comprises a risk point inherent risk index, a unit inherent risk index, a real risk dynamic correction index, a risk point inherent risk index dynamic correction, a unit risk frequency index, a unit initial high risk and a unit real risk;
the unit real risk is represented by RNThe method comprises the steps of representing, wherein the method comprises the following steps of unit safety production basic management, safety production standardization, high-risk equipment, high-risk processes, high-risk substances, high-risk places, high-risk operation and monitoring index alarm factors of each risk point in a unit, and the high-risk real risk assessment model of the dust explosion unit is as follows:
in the formula:
R N -unit real risk
B S -safety production base management dynamic index
v-safety production Standard self-rating/review score
h si-high risk equipment index of ith risk point in cell
M-coefficient of danger of substance
E-site personnel exposure index
l i-average value of monitoring and controlling facility failure rate of ith risk point in unit
ti-the ith risk point in a unit relates to the number of high risk job categories
K3i-the ith risk point in the unit is high and the risk dynamic monitoring characteristic index alarm signal correction coefficient is high
E i-exposure index of personnel at ith risk point site in unit
F-cumulative value of personal exposure index of each risk point and site in unit
n-number of risk points within a unit;
the high-risk real risk assessment model of the dust explosion unit is applied to risk units of dust explosion enterprises, and the risk classification standard of the dust explosion unit is formulated according to the comparability principle of trial calculation results.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the risk classification standard of the dust explosion unit is as follows:
realistic risk value RN<20, the risk level is four-level risk, the risk level symbol is IV, and the early warning level is blue early warning;
the actual risk value is more than or equal to 20 and RN<50, the risk grade is a third-grade risk, the risk grade symbol is III, and the early warning grade is yellow early warning;
the actual risk value is more than or equal to RN<80, the risk grade is a secondary risk, the risk grade symbol is II, and the early warning grade is orange early warning;
realistic risk value RNAnd the risk grade is greater than or equal to 80, the risk grade is first grade risk, the risk grade symbol is I, and the early warning grade is red early warning.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the unit risk classification standard is divided by applying the enterprise overall risk standard, the highest risk level risk point in a unit is taken as the unit overall risk, and the unit overall risk classification standard is as follows:
the early warning signal is red, the risk grade symbol is I grade, and the division standard is that the actual risk (R) of 1 or more units appears in the enterpriseN) The grade is I grade;
the early warning signal is orange, the risk grade symbol is grade II, and the division standard is that the actual risk (R) of 1 or more units appears in the enterpriseN) The level is II level and has no I level risk unit;
the early warning signal is yellow, the risk grade symbol is grade III, and the division standard is that the actual risk (R) of 1 or more units appears in the enterpriseN) The level is III level, and no I level risk unit or II level risk unit exists;
the early warning signal is blue, the risk grade symbol is IV grade, and the division standard is that the actual risk (R) of 1 or more units appears in the enterpriseN) The grade is IV grade, and no I grade, II grade and III grade risk units exist.
The unit risk classification standard applies the enterprise overall risk standardization division, the method of the weighted multi-factor environment quality index giving consideration to extreme values or prominent maximum values is adopted to calculate the enterprise overall risk, and for an enterprise, only the integral comprehensive wind of the enterprise needs to be calculatedAnd comparing the risk index with the unit risk classification standard, and according to a basic calculation formula of the inner Meiro index, the integral risk grade R of the enterprise is as follows:
in the formula:
max(R Ni ) The maximum value among the real risk values of each unit of the enterprise
ave(R Ni) And the average value of the actual risk values of the units of the enterprise.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows: (1) the high-risk prevention and control model constructs an accident prevention and control model of the system by applying a safety scientific principle; (2) compared with a high-risk list, an analysis object is determined, the blindness to major safety risk control is reduced, the target perception is realized, and the limitation of practitioners on the rule standards, relevant knowledge and experience is avoided; (3) the method comprises the steps of (1) integrating induction factors, consequence severity, social bearing capacity, potential safety hazards and accident big data of high-risk accidents to establish a risk analysis model, and calculating a risk value; the high risk value is also dynamically changed, for example, the management level of a certain high risk device is greatly improved, and the risk value is reduced; but if the social bearing capacity is reduced, the risk value is increased even if the management level is improved; (4) establishing a unified risk grade system and an early warning value according to the high risk value and the risk coefficient; (5) evaluating the risk severity (inherent risk) of the risk points on the basis of identification and analysis according to relevant technical data and on-site investigation and analogy analysis results investigated by dust-related enterprises; the evaluation model is applied by typical dust-related enterprises, so that the feasibility of the evaluation model is verified; (6) the method aims to improve the intrinsic safety degree and the safety management level of dust-related enterprises, prevent serious accidents and reduce the accident harm consequences, and provides theoretical and technical guidance for safety risk management and control of the dust-related enterprises.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for identifying and evaluating the major safety risk of dust explosion.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for identifying and evaluating a major safety risk of dust explosion, comprising the steps of:
s1 data collection, the collected data comprising:
s1.1, heavy and extra-large accident cases of dust-related enterprises;
s1.2, safety conditions of high-risk articles, production process level and equipment and facility cost related to the dust-involved enterprises;
s1.3, reporting a safety evaluation;
s1.4 relevant laws and standards of dust explosion;
s2, analyzing data, analyzing heavy and extra-large accident cases, analyzing reasons of accident occurrence, related processes, equipment and places, and searching risk factors related to accidents;
s3 risk identification
S3.1, dividing risk units according to a dust explosion process, and determining risk points in the risk units to carry out risk identification;
s3.2, identifying high-risk factors from high-risk articles, high-risk processes, high-risk equipment, high-risk places and high-risk operations by the risk points;
s3.3, organizing and compiling the identification results of the high-risk article risk factors, the high-risk process risk factors, the high-risk equipment risk factors, the high-risk site risk factors and the high-risk operation risk factors of each risk point into a unit inherent risk list;
s4 Risk assessment
S4.1, dividing risk evaluation units by taking a dust removal system as a unit and key prevention and control risk points as an evaluation main line;
s4.2, establishing an inherent risk index system of the high-risk of the dust-explosion-related enterprise, and calculating the inherent risk index of the risk point through the established dust explosion risk evaluation model;
s4.3, evaluating the inherent risk of the unit, namely, performing the risk exposure weighted cumulative value of the inherent risk index of each risk point in the unit;
s4.4, determining unit risk frequency, and taking the reciprocal of the unit safety production standardized score percentage as a unit risk frequency index;
s4.5, carrying out initial high-risk safety risk assessment on the unit, and aggregating the unit risk control frequency and the unit inherent risk index;
s4.6 dynamic risk factor identification
S4.6.1 identifying unit dynamic risk factors including high risk dynamic monitoring factors, safety production basic management dynamic factors, natural environment dynamic factors, Internet of things big data dynamic factors and special period dynamic factors;
s4.6.2 dynamic risk list compilation;
s4.7, identifying dynamic risk factors, and respectively correcting inherent risks and risk indexes of risk points and unit initial high-risk safety risks in real time by using real risk dynamic correction indexes formed by different dynamic risk factors;
and S4.8, aggregating the unit risks to the whole risk of the enterprise.
The invention relates to the industries of explosive dust processes, including light industry, nonferrous metal, metallurgy, building materials, tobacco, machinery, textile and the like.
Statistical analysis: the basic data of the time of the accident, the accident passing, the direct reason, the indirect reason, the accident category, the accident consequence, the accident grade and the like of the accident occurrence are arranged through statistical investigation means such as field investigation, accident case collection, document lookup and the like, preliminary analysis is carried out, and then the national standard and the industry standard are applied to provide a risk control suggestion.
Risk pattern analysis: the risk precursors, consequences and various causes are evaluated and judged, main causes are found out, and careful examination and analysis are carried out.
And (3) risk evaluation: and identifying possible hazards of each risk mode by adopting a risk matrix method, judging possible consequences of the hazards and the possibility of the consequences, and multiplying the possible consequences and the possibility of the consequences to determine the risk grade.
Risk classification and management and control measures: according to the evaluation result, sequentially classifying the risk into four classes of A class, B class, C class and D class according to the risk size so as to represent the risk level; on the basis of risk identification and risk assessment, measures are taken in advance to eliminate or control risks.
The risk evaluation unit uses the division experience of the safety production standardization unit for reference, uses a relatively independent process system as an inherent risk identification evaluation unit, and is generally divided by workshops.
The division principle of the unit gives consideration to the seamless butt joint of the unit safety risk management and control capability and the safety production standardized management and control system. The risk points are in the unit area, and the accident points with the possibly induced great weight of the unit are taken as the risk points.
Dividing the explosion-related dust industry into evaluation units according to the process characteristics as follows:
the method comprises the steps of combining the safety risk identification and evaluation of a typical dust explosion industry and the statistical analysis result of accident cases, referring to laws, regulations, industrial standards and the like, combining divided units, focusing on dangerous parts and key operation posts, identifying and studying and judging potential risk modes of the dust explosion industry, identifying accident consequence categories according to classification of casualties of enterprises and employees, analyzing the severity of the accident consequences, and providing control strategies corresponding to the risk modes.
And comprehensively considering the types of possible accidents and accident consequences, and evaluating each item by using a risk matrix to determine the risk level. And the definition of the key terms made by the risk identification information table.
The dangerous part: each evaluation unit has a part with potential energy and substance release danger, which can cause injury to people and accidents under the action of certain trigger factors.
Risk pattern: i.e., the manifestation of the risk, the manner in which the risk occurs, or the impact of the risk on the operation.
Accident category: refer to the classification and definition of accident of casualty of enterprise employees (GB 6441-1986). For example, a dam break is classified as an accident in the standard.
The accident consequence is as follows: the effect of certain events on the target. The most serious potential consequences of an event are measured in terms of personal injury, property damage, system or equipment damage, social impact.
Risk rating: the magnitude of a single risk or a combined risk is expressed in a combination of outcomes and possibilities.
Risk management and control measures: and corresponding to reference bases, namely finding out corresponding control measures from the standards or the specifications according to the national standards and the industrial specifications for each risk mode.
The distinguishing mode is as follows: and judging whether violation behaviors, states, management defects and the like occur or not according to the checked content.
Monitoring and monitoring mode: the informationized means for capturing the hidden danger mainly comprises online monitoring, unmanned plane ingestion, uploading of daily hidden danger or analysis data and the like.
Monitoring a monitoring part: and installing monitoring equipment at the key position or the position where the accident is easy to occur to display the current position on line in real time.
Identifying high-risk risks: in the risk unit area, the accident point with the possibly induced great weight of the unit is taken as a risk point. Based on the unit accident risk points, the accident cause mechanism is analyzed, the serious accident consequence is evaluated, and high-risk factors are identified from high-risk articles, high-risk processes, high-risk equipment, high-risk places and high-risk operations.
High-risk inherent risk list compilation: after the high-risk inherent risk factors are identified, the identification results of the five-high risk factors of each risk point are compiled into a unit inherent risk list and are updated in time according to regulations.
After the high-risk inherent risk factors are identified, the identification results of the high-risk factors of all risk points are compiled into a unit inherent risk list and are updated in time according to regulations.
And (3) high risk point and high risk inherent risk assessment: and establishing a high-risk inherent risk index system, and calculating the inherent risk index of the risk point through the established evaluation model.
And (3) evaluating the inherent risk of the unit: the risk exposure weighted aggregate of the risk indices inherent to the several risk points within the cell.
Determining unit risk frequency: and taking the reciprocal of the percentage of the unit safety production standardized score as a unit risk frequency index.
And (3) unit initial high-risk safety risk assessment: the aggregation of unit risk management frequency and unit inherent risk index.
Dynamic risk factor identification
Identifying unit dynamic risk factors: various methods and systems are applied, dynamic risk factors of units, high-risk dynamic monitoring factors, safety production basic management dynamic factors, natural environment dynamic factors, internet of things big data dynamic factors, special period dynamic factors and the like are continuously identified.
The high risk dynamic monitoring factors are extracted from the existing monitoring systems of enterprises, such as temperature, pressure, cooling water and the like, and the factors are used for dynamically correcting the inherent risk index of the risk point.
The safety production basic management dynamic factor is an index which accords with the safety production management characteristics of the unit, and mainly comprises 2 indexes of accident potential, production safety accidents and the like.
And acquiring the natural environment dynamic factor from a meteorological system, and selecting meteorological and geological disaster data which influence the unit accident.
The dynamic factors of the big data of the Internet of things are extracted from a national security big data platform, and the same type accident data related to the unit system is selected.
The dynamic factors in the special period are obtained from a government affair network and a national calendar, and two parties, national legal festivals and holidays, major activities and the like are selected as dynamic data.
And (3) unit dynamic risk list compilation: after the dynamic risk factors are identified, a dynamic risk list of the unit is compiled and updated in time according to the regulations.
And (3) unit real safety risk assessment: and the actual risk dynamic correction indexes formed by different dynamic risk factors respectively correct the inherent risk index of the risk point and the unit initial high-risk safety risk in real time.
Risk aggregation: the unit risk is aggregated to enterprise risk and the enterprise risk is aggregated to regional risk, and the regional risk aggregation comprises two levels of risk aggregation of county (district) level and city level.
The high-risk inherent risk index system of the dust-related enterprises: the risk point dynamic correction method is composed of risk point inherent risk indexes, unit risk frequency indexes and unit actual risk dynamic correction indexes.
The risk index points of the risk points take high-risk articles, high-risk processes, high-risk equipment, high-risk places and high-risk operations as five risk factors of an index system, and index elements and characteristic values are analyzed to construct an inherent risk index system.
Unit risk frequency index: the unit high-risk management and control frequency index is represented by the current situation of enterprise safety management.
Dynamic correction indexes of unit actual risks: the dynamic risk index system mainly analyzes index elements and characteristic values from the aspects of high-risk monitoring characteristic correction coefficients, safety production basic management dynamic correction coefficients, special period indexes, high-risk Internet of things indexes, natural environment and the like to construct an index system.
The inherent risk index focuses on taking high-risk articles (such as grain dust, wood dust and metal dust), high-risk processes (such as a dust removal system), high-risk equipment (such as a dust remover, a pipeline and a fan), high-risk places (such as a dust area) and high-risk operations (such as electrician operation and fire operation) as five risk factors of an index system, analyzing index elements and characteristic values, and constructing the inherent risk index system.
The inherent risk indexes of dust explosion units at the dust explosion risk points of grain processing and storage and transportation are shown in the following table.
Risk management and control indexes: and (4) representing the high-risk management and control frequency index of the enterprise safety management status integral safety degree representation unit. Safety production standardization is an important measure of the safety control level of enterprises. The basic standard of standardization for enterprise safety production (GB/T33000-.
Risk dynamic adjustment indexes: the safety state is dynamically changed and can change along with the analysis results of monitoring indexes, control states, external natural environments and accident big data, and the dynamic risk index system mainly analyzes index elements and characteristic values from the aspects of high-risk monitoring characteristic indexes, safety production basic management dynamic indexes, special period indexes, high-risk Internet of things indexes, natural environments and the like, and constructs an index system as the following table.
Major safety risk dynamic index system table for grain processing and storage and transportation dust explosion risk point dust explosion industry
Intrinsic risk indicator metrology model: the risk point risk severity (intrinsic risk) indicator, i.e. the intrinsic risk index (h) of the risk point accident risk, is influenced by:
a. the intrinsic safety level of the equipment;
b. monitoring failure rate level (embodying process risk);
c. substance hazards;
d. site personnel risk exposure;
e. high risk work hazards.
The intrinsic risk index of the high-risk equipment (hs) takes the intrinsic safety level of the risk point equipment facility as an assignment basis, represents the technical measure level of the risk point production equipment facility for preventing accidents, and takes a classification and assignment mode as the hs in the risk point intrinsic safety level index in the industrial enterprise dynamic safety evaluation model established by the applicant.
The assignment factor is complicated, and the maximum difference of the assigned numerical values is 9 times larger, so that the model calculation result is greatly different, and the classification is not facilitated.
Therefore, after research and trial calculation, the applicant considers that the calculation is convenient for a computer to realize and the calculation result of the model is not huge, on the basis of the original principle, the assignment type is firstly reduced from 13 items to 5 items, namely, danger isolation (substitution), "fault safety-fault safety", "fault safety-fault risk", "fault risk-fault safety", "fault risk-fault risk" and the like represent the basic safety level of the equipment facility, the value range is changed to 1.1-1.7, and the specific value is carried out according to the following table.
Risk point intrinsic risk index (hs) table
The high-risk articles (M) mainly refer to explosive, inflammable, radioactive, toxic and corrosive articles.
And determining the M value by using the M value of the product of the ratio of the actual existing quantity of the high-risk articles to the critical quantity and the danger characteristic correction coefficient of the corresponding articles as a grading index according to the grading result.
The calculation method of the m value of the high-risk item is as follows:
in the formula:
Q/Q-division of dangerous areas;
β — correction factor corresponding to each high-risk item.
High-risk articles related to the risk points of dust-related enterprises mainly comprise grain dust, wood dust, metal dust and the like, and critical amount is regulated according to dangerous characteristics of the high-risk articles.
The dust explosion process involves the partitioning of the hazardous area corresponding to the high risk item as shown in the table below.
High-risk article different region danger score value-taking table
The value of the correction coefficient beta is related to the fire sensitivity and the material danger characteristic, and the value of the correction coefficient beta is max { beta 1, beta 2 }.
Dust ignition effectiveness is affected by dust ignition sensitivity. The higher the sensitivity, the more susceptible to ignition, and the more effective the ignition source.
The values of the correction coefficient beta and the dust ignition sensitivity are shown in the following table
Note: the dust ignition sensitivity rating is based on the lowest ignition temperature and the highest minimum ignition energy.
Material property hazard score
The effect of material properties on the consequences of a dust explosion can be expressed in terms of the maximum explosion pressure (Pmax) and the explosion index (Kst) of the dust explosion.
Risk levels and corresponding risk scores are shown in the following table
Note: the material property risk score is based on the maximum explosion pressure and the higher explosion index.
And determining the grade of the high-risk item with the high risk point according to the calculated M value and the table, and determining the corresponding material index M with the value range of 1-9.
The corresponding relation table of the M value and the material index M of the high risk item is as follows
The high-risk places related to the dust-involved enterprises mainly comprise blast furnace areas, converter areas, casting areas, gas leakage influence areas and the like, the most important of the high-risk places are other people who operate, overhaul and are influenced by accidents in the places, therefore, the risk index of the high-risk places is measured by the number P of people exposed in risk points, and the value range of the high-risk places (E) is 1-9.
Index assignment table for exposure personnel at risk points
High risk process (K)1) The method refers to a process procedure which is caused by that the state and the attribute of the process are relatively easy to change in the production flow, so that the existing safety risk balance system is changed, the risk is increased, and serious accidents are possibly caused.
Such processes are characterized by relative difficulty in control, high energy in the system, and many harmful substances.
The characteristic indexes influencing the process mainly aim at a control system and an interlocking protection system of the process, and the control system and the interlocking protection system of the process are most important to monitoring and monitoring facilities of the process, and the reliability and integrity of the monitoring and monitoring facilities directly influence the efficiency of controlling the process and the effectiveness of interlocking protection.
Therefore, the indexes aiming at the high-risk process are characterized by adopting the effectiveness of monitoring and monitoring facilities in the process.
Monitoring and controlling the failure rate correction coefficient K of the facility1And (3) characterization:
in the formula: l-average value of monitoring and monitoring facility failure rate.
High risk work (K)2) Including special operating personnel and special types involved in the risk pointsEquipment operators and personnel involved in hazardous operations.
The risk factor of a high-risk person is thus characterized by the number of all high-risk work categories involved in a certain time period in the risk point.
By a risk correction factor K2And (3) characterization:
in the formula: t-the risk points relate to the number of high risk job categories.
Example (b): the method is used for identifying and evaluating dust explosion risks by taking a certain dust-related enterprise as an example.
The enterprise has a dust explosion unit, and a dust explosion risk point for grain processing, storage and transportation is arranged in the unit.
The high-risk equipment facilities-flour mill, conveying equipment and dust removal system body, the intrinsic safety level of the equipment facilities is used as an assignment basis, the technical measure level of preventing accidents of the production equipment facilities of grain processing and storage and transportation dust explosion risk points is represented, and the value range is 1.1-1.7.
The equipment operates stably at present, the intrinsic safety level is high, all safety interlocks are normally put into use, assignment is carried out according to error safety, and hs =1.3 is taken.
The high risk process of grain processing and dust explosion risk point storage and transportation includes dust hood, pipeline, dry dust collector, blower, main body of flour mill and flour mill. The wind speed monitoring failure rate of the cover opening is obtained according to the characteristic value of the dust hood, the wind speed monitoring failure rate of the pipeline, the concentration monitoring failure rate of the pipeline and the pressure monitoring failure rate of the pipeline are obtained according to the characteristic value of the dust hood, the temperature monitoring failure rate of the ash bucket of the dry dust collector and the shell of the dust collector are obtained according to the characteristic value of the dust collector, the wind speed monitoring failure rate, the concentration monitoring failure rate and the pressure monitoring failure rate of the fan are obtained according to the characteristic value of the fan, the wind speed monitoring failure rate, the concentration monitoring failure rate and the pressure monitoring failure rate are obtained according to the characteristic value of the powder making machine body, and the wind speed monitoring failure rate, the concentration monitoring failure rate and the pressure monitoring failure rate are obtained according to the characteristic value of the powder grinding machine.
Monitoring and controlling the failure rate correction coefficient K of the facility1And (3) characterization: k1=1+l（lMonitoring the average value of the failure rate of the monitoring facility).
The grain processing and dust storage and transportation process is common and mature, the failure rate of each characteristic value is low, and K is taken1=1.01。
The high-risk place of the explosion risk point of grain processing and storage and transportation dust is mainly a grain processing and storage and transportation dust area, and the personnel risk exposure is taken as a characteristic value, namely, all personnel (including operating personnel and personnel possibly existing at the periphery) in the influence range of the blast furnace collapse accident are exposed according to the accident risk simulation calculation result.
And measuring the number p of the exposed persons in the risk points, and carrying out value taking according to the index assignment table of the exposed persons in the risk points, wherein the value range is 1-9.
12 workers working in the area, wherein the number of workers is 10-29, and E =5 is taken.
The high-risk articles, such as the high-risk articles at the dust explosion risk points of grain processing and storage and transportation, are mainly grain dust.
And determining the M value according to the grading result by taking the M value of the product of the ratio of the actual existing quantity to the critical quantity of the high-risk article and the danger characteristic correction coefficient of the corresponding article as a grading index.
According to the calculation method of the m value of the high-risk goods, the grain dust danger area is divided into 22 areas, the danger point value is 3, the correction coefficient beta 1 of the ignition sensitivity is 2, the correction coefficient beta 2 of the material characteristic danger point is 2, and the calculation result of the m value is 6.
Determining the grade of the high-risk articles in the dust explosion industry according to the corresponding relation table of the M value of the high-risk articles and the material index M, and determining the corresponding material index (M), wherein the value range is 1-9, and the M value is 3 corresponding to the material risk index M = 3.
The high risk operation mainly includes cleaning operation, electrician operation, and fire operation, and the risk correction factor K is used2And (3) characterization: k2=1+0.05t (t-risk point relates to high-risk type of jobNumber).
Get K2=1.15。
The risk point risk index, h, is defined as the inherent risk index of the typical accident risk of the risk point:
the risk point risk index is: h =1.3 × 5 × 3 × 1.01 × 1.15= 22.65.
And defining the risk point dynamic risk index h as:
wherein K3And the coefficient is corrected for the high risk dynamic monitoring characteristic index alarm signal.
Dynamic monitoring of characteristic index alarm signal coefficient (K) with high risk3) The corrected risk point intrinsic risk index (h). The real-time alarm of the online monitoring project is divided into a first-level alarm (low alarm), a second-level alarm (middle alarm) and a third-level alarm (high alarm).
When the online monitoring project reaches 3 primary alarms, recording as 1 secondary alarm; and when the monitoring item reaches 2 secondary alarms, recording as 1 tertiary alarm. Therefore, the weights of the first-level alarm, the second-level alarm and the third-level alarm are respectively set to be 1, 3 and 6, the coefficients after normalization processing are respectively 0.1, 0.3 and 0.6, namely the alarm signal correction coefficients, and the formula is described as follows:
in the formula: k3-high risk dynamic monitoring characteristic index alarm signal coefficient
a1Number of yellow alarms
a2Orange alarm times
a3Number of red alarms
Number of alarmTaking the number as dynamic data, calculating under the condition of no monitoring alarm in ideal condition, and taking K3=1, i.e.
And the explosion risk point of metal processing dust and the explosion risk point of wood processing dust are avoided, so the value is 0.
The intrinsic hazard index of a dust explosion unit.
According to the principle of safety control theory, the unit inherent danger index is a weighted accumulation value of the exposure indexes of the personnel in the site of the dynamic danger indexes of a plurality of risk points.
H' is defined as follows:
in the formula:
Ei-exposure index of personnel at ith risk point site in unit
F-cumulative value of personal exposure index of each risk point and site in unit
n-number of risk points within a unit.
The intrinsic hazard index of the dust explosion unit H = 22.65.
The initial high risk management and control frequency index is quantized, the unit initial high risk management and control frequency index is measured from the enterprise safety production management and control standardization degree, namely, the probability of the unit inherent risk initial accident is measured by adopting a unit safety production standardization score assessment method.
And taking the reciprocal of the unit safety production standardization score as a unit high-risk management and control frequency index.
The initial high risk management and control frequency of the metering unit is as follows:
in the formula: g-unit initial high risk management and control frequency
v-safety production Standard self-rating/review score
The enterprise safety production standardization standard level is two levels, and the value is temporarily determined to be 75 points. And calculating the initial high risk management and control frequency index (G) of the dust explosion unit to be 1.33.
And (3) carrying out initial high-risk safety risk assessment on the unit, and aggregating the unit high-risk management and control frequency (G) with the inherent risk index:
in the formula: r0-initial security risk value of unit
G-Unit Risk management frequency index value
H-Unit intrinsic Risk index value.
Initial high-risk safety risk value R of dust explosion unit0=1.33×22.65=30.12。
Unit reality high-risk safety risk assessment, unit reality risk (R)N) Dynamically modifying index versus unit initial high risk safety risk (R) for realistic risk0) The result of the correction is performed.
Safety production basic management dynamic index (B)S) To initial high risk safety risk value (R) of unit0) Correcting; and shifting the unit risk level by using the special period index, the high risk Internet of things index and the natural environment index.
Unit real risk (R)N) Comprises the following steps:
in the formula: rN-a unitRealistic risk
R0-initial high risk safety risk value of cell
BS-safety production base management dynamic indicators.
The dynamic indexes of the safety production basic management mainly comprise accident potential assessment (I)1) Grade of hidden danger (I)2) Hidden danger correcting condition (I)3) And production safety accident index (I)4) Equal 4 indexes
W1、W2、 W3 、W4-the weight corresponding to each index
Accident hidden danger information quantization index I1Corresponding to the score W1Is 0.15;
index of grade of hidden danger I2Corresponding to the score W2Is 0.15;
hidden danger rectification rate I3Corresponding to the score W3Is 0.20;
index of production safety accident I4Corresponding to the score W4Is 0.50.
And (3) referring to the basic situation of the safety management of the enterprise, measuring and calculating the dynamic indexes of the safety production basic management:
BS=0.15×1+0.15×2+0.20×0+0.50×0.45=0.675。
the real high-risk safety risk value of the dust explosion unit is as follows: rN=22.65×0.675=15.29。
And according to the unit safety risk classification standard, the actual high-risk safety risk grade of the dust explosion unit is IV grade.
The overall comprehensive risk of the dust explosion unit of the enterprise is changed as follows:
according to the high-risk classification standard of the dust explosion industry, the overall risk value of an enterprise is 15.29, the overall risk grade is IV grade, and the early warning signal is blue.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and such modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of the present invention. Details not described in this specification are within the skill of the art that are well known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (5)
1. A dust explosion major safety risk identification and assessment method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
dividing dust explosion risk units according to dust explosion related processes of enterprises, and determining risk points in the dust explosion risk units for risk identification, wherein the risk points comprise grain processing and storage and transportation dust explosion risk points, metal processing dust explosion risk points and wood processing dust explosion risk points;
constructing a dust explosion unit risk evaluation model, wherein the dust explosion risk evaluation model comprises a risk point inherent risk index, a unit inherent risk index, a real risk dynamic correction index, a risk point inherent risk index dynamic correction, a unit risk frequency index, a unit initial high risk and a unit real risk;
the unit real risk is represented by R NThe method comprises the steps of representing, wherein the method comprises the following steps of unit safety production basic management, safety production standardization, high-risk equipment, high-risk processes, high-risk substances, high-risk places, high-risk operation and monitoring index alarm factors of each risk point in a unit, and the high-risk real risk assessment model of the dust explosion unit is as follows:
in the formula:
R N -unit real risk
B S -safety production basisManaging dynamic metrics
v-safety production Standard self-rating/review score
h si-high risk equipment index of ith risk point in cell
M-coefficient of danger of substance
E-site personnel exposure index
l i-average value of monitoring and controlling facility failure rate of ith risk point in unit
ti-the ith risk point in a unit relates to the number of high risk job categories
K3i-the ith risk point in the unit is high and the risk dynamic monitoring characteristic index alarm signal correction coefficient is high
E i-exposure index of personnel at ith risk point site in unit
F-cumulative value of personal exposure index of each risk point and site in unit
n-number of risk points within a unit;
the high-risk real risk assessment model of the dust explosion unit is applied to risk units of dust explosion enterprises, and the risk classification standard of the dust explosion unit is formulated according to the comparability principle of trial calculation results.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the risk classification criteria of the dust explosion unit is as follows:
realistic risk value RN<20, the risk level is four-level risk, the risk level symbol is IV, and the early warning level is blue early warning;
the actual risk value is more than or equal to 20 and RN<50, the risk grade is a third-grade risk, the risk grade symbol is III, and the early warning grade is yellow early warning;
the actual risk value is more than or equal to RN<80, the risk grade is a secondary risk, the risk grade symbol is II, and the early warning grade is orange early warning;
realistic risk value RNAnd the risk grade is greater than or equal to 80, the risk grade is first grade risk, the risk grade symbol is I, and the early warning grade is red early warning.
3. The method for identifying and evaluating the major safety risk of dust explosion according to claim 2, wherein the unit risk classification standard is divided by applying an enterprise overall risk standard, and the unit overall risk classification standard is that the highest risk level risk point in a unit is taken as a unit overall risk, and the unit overall risk level classification standard is as follows:
the early warning signal is red, the risk grade symbol is I grade, and the division standard is that the actual risk (R) of 1 or more units appears in the enterpriseN) The grade is I grade;
the early warning signal is orange, the risk grade symbol is grade II, and the division standard is that the actual risk (R) of 1 or more units appears in the enterpriseN) The level is II level and has no I level risk unit;
the early warning signal is yellow, the risk grade symbol is grade III, and the division standard is that the actual risk (R) of 1 or more units appears in the enterpriseN) The level is III level, and no I level risk unit or II level risk unit exists;
the early warning signal is blue, the risk grade symbol is IV grade, and the division standard is that the actual risk (R) of 1 or more units appears in the enterpriseN) The grade is IV grade, and no I grade, II grade and III grade risk units exist.
4. The method for identifying and evaluating the major safety risk of dust explosion according to claim 2, wherein the unit risk classification standard applies the enterprise overall risk standardization classification, the method of weighted multi-factor environmental quality index considering the extreme value or the prominent maximum value is adopted to calculate the overall risk of the enterprise, for an enterprise, only the overall comprehensive risk index is calculated, and then the enterprise overall risk class R is calculated according to the basic calculation formula of the inner Meiro index in comparison with the unit risk classification standard:
in the formula:
max(R Ni ) The maximum value among the real risk values of each unit of the enterprise
ave(R Ni) And the average value of the actual risk values of the units of the enterprise.
5. The method for identifying and evaluating the significant safety risk of dust explosion according to claim 2, wherein the unit risk classification standard is divided by the enterprise overall risk standardization, and the enterprise overall risk classification R is determined by the maximum value Max (R) of the actual risk of the unit in the enterpriseNi) Is determined, i.e. is
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