CN113266343B - Wireless signal transmission system - Google Patents
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- CN113266343B CN113266343B CN202110727582.3A CN202110727582A CN113266343B CN 113266343 B CN113266343 B CN 113266343B CN 202110727582 A CN202110727582 A CN 202110727582A CN 113266343 B CN113266343 B CN 113266343B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wireless signal transmission system, which belongs to the field of wireless transmission and comprises: the signal transmitting device is arranged in the cased well and used for acquiring downhole data and converting the downhole data into an electric signal; the signal transmitting device is sleeved in the middle of an oil pipe of the cased well and is insulated from the contact part of the oil pipe; the signal transmitting device establishes electrical signal connection with the oil pipe short sections positioned at the two ends of the signal transmitting device through two electrodes led out from the two ends of the signal transmitting device respectively; all or part of adjacent oil pipe short sections in the oil pipe are connected through the insulating centralizer, and the outer surfaces of the joints among the other adjacent oil pipe short sections are insulated, so that an electric signal transmission loop is formed by the signal transmitting device, the oil pipe, a wellhead of the cased well, a stratum and a subterranean producing layer; wherein the inner surface of the insulating centralizer is conductive and the outer surface is insulating; and if the medium between the pipes is liquid, the outer surface of each oil pipe short section is coated with an insulating coating. The invention can reduce the transverse leakage in the signal transmission process and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of wireless signal transmission.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wireless transmission, and particularly relates to a wireless signal transmission system.
Background
With the advent of the intelligent era, the development of the petroleum industry in China towards intelligent oil fields is a necessary trend. The intellectualization comes from the development foundation of informatization, but the petroleum industry in China is still limited by the existing traditional wired technology at present, and the real-time monitoring of the underground operation data cannot be realized. Therefore, how to monitor the downhole operation parameters in real time becomes an important issue for the petroleum industry.
At present, the mainstream development trend is to replace the traditional wired cable transmission and develop the wireless transmission technology. The common wireless signals mainly comprise electromagnetic waves and sound waves, the corresponding wireless transmission system comprises a signal transmitting device sleeved on the oil pipe, and underground data to be monitored is converted into the electromagnetic waves or the sound waves by the signal transmitting device and then transmitted to the ground. The cased hole structure is typically a completed oil and gas well structure, as shown in fig. 1, comprising casing 7 and tubing 3 in the middle of the casing. In the construction process, the casing 7 drills into the stratum 9 to communicate the ground with the underground production layer 13; the oil pipe 3 is formed by connecting a plurality of oil pipe short sections with fixed lengths, and the oil pipe 3 is nested in the casing 7 and extends downwards to enter an underground production layer 13; when the oil pipe 3 is installed, the oil pipe short sections are installed in an extending mode through the connecting joints, and the oil pipe short sections are ensured to be located in the center of the interior of the casing through the centralizer; an intertubular medium 12 such as gas or liquid is present between the gap between the casing 7 and the oil pipe 3.
Due to the particularity of the cased hole structure, the wireless transmission system based on electromagnetic waves and sound waves still has the following problems when applied to the cased hole at present: 1. the acoustic signals are greatly interfered by well site operation noise in the transmission process, are greatly influenced by a pipeline structure, particularly a pipeline joint, seriously influence signal receiving and are not beneficial to accurate monitoring of underground data; 2. the cased hole structure comprises various components such as stratum, production layer and intertubular liquid, the environment is complex, the resistivity is extremely low, the common electromagnetic signals are leaked more transversely before reaching the ground, as shown in figure 1, the signal-to-noise ratio is extremely low when reaching the ground, the signal intensity attenuation is large, and the accurate monitoring of underground data is not facilitated.
Therefore, how to weaken the lateral leakage in the signal transmission process to reduce the signal attenuation and improve the signal-to-noise ratio is an urgent problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the shortcomings and needs in the art, the present invention provides a wireless signal transmission system that aims to reduce lateral leakage during signal transmission by enabling lateral transmission of electrical signals in a cased hole structure, thereby improving signal-to-noise ratio.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a wireless signal transmission system, comprising: the signal transmitting device is arranged in the cased well and used for acquiring downhole data and converting the downhole data into an electric signal; the signal transmitting device is sleeved in the middle of an oil pipe of the cased well and is insulated from the contact part of the oil pipe; the signal transmitting device establishes electrical signal connection with the oil pipe short sections positioned at the two ends of the signal transmitting device through two electrodes led out from the two ends of the signal transmitting device respectively; all or part of adjacent oil pipe short sections in the oil pipe are connected through the insulating centralizer, and the outer surface of the joint between the adjacent oil pipe short sections which are not connected through the insulating centralizer is insulated, so that an electric signal transmission loop is formed by the signal transmitting device, the oil pipe, a wellhead of the cased well, a stratum and a subsurface stratum; wherein the inner surface of the insulating centralizer is conductive and the outer surface is insulating.
Further, if the intertubular medium between the casing and the oil pipe in the cased well is liquid, the outer surface of each oil pipe short section in the oil pipe is coated with an insulating coating.
Furthermore, the upper end of the oil pipe is also connected with a metal centralizer.
Further, the lower end of the oil pipe is also connected with a metal centralizer.
Further, the insulating centralizer is provided with a plurality of pairs, and is symmetrically arranged relative to the signal transmitting device.
Furthermore, two ends of the signal transmitting device are connected with the oil pipe through insulating joints.
Further, the wireless signal transmission system provided by the present invention further includes: and the electric signal receiving coil is arranged at the upper end of the oil pipe and is used for extracting electric signals.
Further, the wireless signal transmission system provided by the present invention further includes: and the ground receiver is connected with the electric signal receiving coil and used for receiving the electric signal extracted by the electric signal receiving coil and demodulating the data carried by the electric signal.
Further, the wireless signal transmission system provided by the present invention further includes: and the ground data processing module is connected with the ground receiver and used for receiving the demodulated data from the ground receiver and processing the data to obtain the underground data.
In general, the above technical solutions contemplated by the present invention can achieve the following advantageous effects.
(1) According to the wireless signal transmission system provided by the invention, the signal transmitting device is sleeved in the middle of the oil well in the cased well, and the signal transmitting device is insulated from the contact part in the middle of the oil well, so that the electrical isolation at the contact position is ensured, and the transverse leakage of an electrical signal at the contact position can be avoided; because the adjacent oil pipe short sections are connected through the insulating centralizer, on one hand, the insulating centralizer can be used for ensuring that the oil pipe is positioned at the center of the casing pipe, and on the other hand, the transverse leakage of an electric signal through the centralizer can be avoided; the surface of the joint between adjacent oil pipe short sections which are not connected by the insulating centralizer is insulated, so that the transverse leakage of an electric signal at the joint of the oil pipe short sections can be avoided; for the cased well with liquid medium between pipes, the outer surface of the oil pipe nipple is also coated with an insulating coating, so that the transverse leakage of an electric signal through the outer surface of the oil pipe nipple can be avoided. Generally speaking, through the insulation treatment, the wireless signal transmission system provided by the invention enables the outer surface of a part which is possibly leaked transversely in a signal transmission loop to be insulated, when an electric signal is transmitted along the transmission loop, the transverse transmission is only carried out at two ends of an oil pipe, and the transverse leakage is not carried out at other parts of the transmission loop, so that the signal attenuation is reduced, the signal-to-noise ratio can be effectively improved, the underground data can be accurately transmitted to a ground receiving device, and the accurate monitoring of the underground data in a cased well structure is realized.
(2) In the preferable scheme of the wireless signal transmission system provided by the invention, the upper end of the oil pipe, namely the wellhead of the cased well, is also connected with the metal centralizer, so that the electrical signal can be transversely transmitted through the metal centralizer at the upper end of the oil pipe, the transverse transmission of the electrical signal can be better guided, and the signal attenuation is further reduced.
(3) In the preferred scheme of the wireless signal transmission system provided by the invention, the lower end of the oil pipe, namely the underground production layer, is also connected with the metal centralizer, so that the electrical signal can be transversely transmitted through the metal centralizer at the lower end of the oil pipe, the transverse transmission of the electrical signal can be better guided, and the signal attenuation is further reduced.
(4) The wireless signal transmission system provided by the invention is provided with a plurality of pairs of insulating centralizers which are symmetrically arranged relative to the signal transmitting device, so that the oil pipe can be more accurately ensured to be positioned at the central position of the casing pipe, and the remote underground data transmission can be realized, thereby meeting the requirements of different well conditions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional cased hole configuration and wireless signal transmission therein.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a wireless signal transmission system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of an insulation centralizer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a metal centralizer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements or structures, wherein: 1-a wellhead of a cased well, 2-a ground host, 3-an oil pipe, 4-a ground receiver, 5-an electric signal receiving coil, 6-an insulating centralizer, 7-a casing, 8-an insulating coating, 9-a stratum, 10-an insulating joint, 11-a signal transmitting device, 12-an interpipe medium and 13-an underground production zone.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
In the present application, the terms "first," "second," and the like (if any) in the description and the drawings are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order.
In order to solve the technical problems that when the existing wireless transmission system is applied to a cased well structure, signal attenuation is large due to transverse leakage, and accurate monitoring of underground data is not facilitated, the invention provides a wireless signal transmission system, which has the overall thought that: the part that probably takes place transversely to reveal in making the signal transmission return circuit, the coupling part between signal transmitting device and the oil pipe promptly, the junction of adjacent oil pipe nipple joint and the outer wall of oil pipe nipple joint all insulate for the signal of telecommunication can not take place transversely to leak when oil pipe transmission along, has effectively reduced the signal attenuation, thereby can effectively improve the SNR, has guaranteed that data in the pit can accurately transmit ground receiving arrangement, realizes the accurate monitoring to data in the pit in the cased hole structure.
The following are examples.
Example 1: a wireless signal transmission system is applicable to a cased well structure, wherein an intertubular medium 12 between a casing 7 and an oil pipe 3 is liquid; as shown in fig. 2, the wireless signal transmission system provided in this embodiment includes: the signal transmitting device 11 is arranged in the cased well and used for acquiring downhole data and converting the downhole data into an electric signal, wherein the downhole data comprises information such as temperature, pressure, flow and the like; the signal transmitting device 11 is sleeved in the middle of the oil pipe 3 of the cased well and is insulated from the contact part of the oil pipe 3, so that the transverse leakage of signals caused by the fact that electric signal transmission loops are directly formed at two ends of the signal transmitting device 11 can be avoided; optionally, as shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, both ends of the signal transmitting device 11 are connected to the oil pipe through the insulating joints 10; the signal transmitting device 11 establishes electrical signal connection with the oil pipe short sections at the two ends of the signal transmitting device 11 through two electrodes led out from the two ends of the signal transmitting device respectively; the outer surface of each oil pipe short section in the oil pipe 3 is coated with an insulating coating 8, and the electric signals can be isolated from an interpipe medium 12 between the oil pipe 3 and the casing 7 in the cased well through the insulating coating 8, so that the electric signals are prevented from being transversely leaked through the outer surface of the oil pipe short section; all or part of adjacent oil pipe short sections in the oil pipe 3 are connected through an insulating centralizer 6, wherein the inner surface of the insulating centralizer 6 is conductive, and the outer surface of the insulating centralizer is insulating.
In this implementation, the insulating centralizer 6 is shown in fig. 3 and comprises an external centralizing framework and an internal drift diameter, oil or gas to be exploited can be transmitted through the drift diameter, on one hand, the insulating centralizer 6 can ensure that the oil pipe is positioned at the center of the casing, on the other hand, as the inner surface of the insulating centralizer 6 is conductive, electrical signals can form a loop along the oil pipe, and the outer surface of the insulating centralizer 6 is insulated, so that the electrical signals are prevented from being leaked transversely at the centralizer in the transmission process; in the oil pipe 3, the outer surface of the joint between adjacent oil pipe short sections which are not connected through the insulating centralizer 6 is insulated, so that the electrical isolation at the joint of the oil pipe short sections can be ensured, and the transverse leakage of electrical signals at the contact position can be avoided; in the wireless signal transmission system provided by the embodiment, a transmission loop of an electrical signal is formed by the signal transmitting device 11, the oil pipe 3, the wellhead 1 of the cased well, the formation 9 and the subsurface formation 13, as shown by the dotted line in fig. 2.
As can be seen from a comparison between fig. 1 and fig. 2, in the wireless signal transmission system provided in this embodiment, in the transmission process, the interference of the electrical signal by the formation 9 and the medium 12 between the pipes is small, the lateral leakage is effectively improved, the signal finally transmitted to the ground is attenuated by a small amount, and the signal-to-noise ratio is effectively improved.
In order to further reduce signal attenuation, in the embodiment, as a preferred implementation mode, a metal centralizer is further connected to the upper end of the oil pipe 3, namely the wellhead 1 of the cased well; the structure of the metal centralizer is shown in fig. 4, which also comprises an external centralizer framework and an internal drift diameter, and because the internal surface and the external surface of the metal centralizer framework are both conductive, electrical signals can be transversely transmitted through the metal centralizer at the upper end of the oil pipe 3, so that the transverse transmission of the electrical signals can be better guided, and the signal attenuation is further reduced.
In order to further reduce signal attenuation, as a preferred embodiment, a metal centralizer is further connected to the lower end of the oil pipe 3, namely the underground productive formation 13, and electric signals are transversely transmitted through the metal centralizer at the lower end of the oil pipe 3, so that the transverse transmission of the electric signals can be better guided, and the signal attenuation is further reduced.
In the embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the insulating centralizers 6 are arranged in 2 pairs and symmetrically arranged about the signal transmitting device, so that the oil pipe can be more accurately ensured to be positioned at the central position of the casing; in other embodiments of the present invention, the number of pairs of the insulating centralizers 6 can be set according to different well condition requirements in combination with the distance of data transmission, and the more the data transmission distance, the more the insulating centralizers 6 can be set.
As shown in fig. 2, the present embodiment further includes: an electric signal receiving coil 5 mounted on the upper end of the oil pipe 3 and used for extracting an electric signal; the ground receiver 4 is connected with the electric signal receiving coil 5 and is used for receiving the electric signal extracted by the electric signal receiving coil 5 and demodulating the data carried by the electric signal; the ground data processing module is connected with the ground receiver 4 and used for receiving the demodulated data from the ground receiver 4 and processing the data to obtain underground data; in this embodiment, the data processing module is specifically a ground host 2; optionally, the ground host 2 and the ground receiver 4 are connected through a short-moment wired cable; the data processing operations performed by the surface host 2 on the demodulated data from the surface receiver 4 include: amplification, filtering, etc.
The wireless signal transmission system provided by the embodiment has the following working process: s1, reading the downhole data to be transmitted by the signal transmitting device 11 and converting the downhole data into electric signals, and applying the electric signals to the oil pipe short sections on two sides of the insulating joint 10 through the electrodes; s2, transmitting an electric signal along the oil pipe 3, and transversely transmitting the electric signal at the wellhead 1 of the cased well and the underground production layer 13; an insulating layer is formed by the insulating coating 8 and the insulating centralizer 6, and the oil pipe 3 is isolated from an interpipe medium 12 through the insulating layer; s3, establishing a complete electric signal loop by the electric signal through the signal transmitting device 11, the oil pipe 3, the wellhead 1 of the cased well, the stratum 9 and the underground production layer 13; and S4, the ground host 2 acquires the downhole data transmitted by the electric signals through the ground receiver 4.
Example 2: in a cased well structure applicable to the wireless signal transmission system, an intertubular medium 12 between a casing 7 and an oil pipe 3 is gas; the structure of the wireless signal transmission system provided by this embodiment is similar to that of embodiment 1, except that, because the inter-pipe medium 12 is gas, the electric isolation between the oil pipe 3 and the casing 7 can be realized by the inter-pipe medium, therefore, in this embodiment, the outer surface of the oil pipe nipple is not coated with an insulating coating; in this embodiment, the configuration of the rest of the structure and the operation principle of the system can be referred to the description of embodiment 1, and will not be repeated here.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A wireless signal transmission system, comprising: the signal transmitting device is arranged in the cased well and used for acquiring downhole data and converting the downhole data into an electric signal;
the signal transmitting device is sleeved in the middle of an oil pipe of the cased well and is insulated from a contact part of the oil pipe; the signal transmitting device is respectively in electrical signal connection with oil pipe short sections positioned at two ends of the signal transmitting device through two electrodes led out from two ends of the signal transmitting device;
the upper end and the lower end of the oil pipe are both connected with metal centralizers; all adjacent oil pipe short sections in the oil pipe are connected through an insulating centralizer, or the adjacent oil pipe short sections in the oil pipe are connected through the insulating centralizer, and the outer surface of the joint between the adjacent oil pipe short sections which are not connected through the insulating centralizer is insulated, so that the signal transmitting device, the oil pipe, the wellhead of the cased well, the stratum and the underground production layer form a transmission loop of the electric signal;
wherein the inner surface of the insulating centralizer is conductive and the outer surface is insulating; and if the intertubular medium between the casing and the oil pipe in the cased well is liquid, the outer surface of each oil pipe short section in the oil pipe is coated with an insulating coating.
2. The wireless signal transmission system of claim 1, wherein the dielectric centralizer is provided in a plurality of pairs and is symmetrically disposed about the signal emitting device.
3. The wireless signal transmission system of claim 1 or 2, wherein both ends of the signal transmitting device are connected with the oil pipe through insulating joints.
4. The wireless signal transmission system according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising: and the electric signal receiving coil is arranged at the upper end of the oil pipe and is used for extracting the electric signal.
5. The wireless signal transmission system of claim 4, further comprising: and the ground receiver is connected with the electric signal receiving coil and used for receiving the electric signal extracted by the electric signal receiving coil and demodulating the data carried by the electric signal.
6. The wireless signal transmission system of claim 5, further comprising: and the ground data processing module is connected with the ground receiver and used for receiving the demodulated data from the ground receiver and processing the data to obtain the underground data.
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