CN113262978A

CN113262978A - Cleaning sieve blocks up monitoring devices and cleaning plant for agricultural machine

Info

Publication number: CN113262978A
Application number: CN202110521887.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王申莹; 胡志超; 王永维; 于昭洋; 曹明珠; 吴峰; 彭宝良; 顾峰玮; 吴惠昌
Original assignee: Zhejiang University ZJU; Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture
Current assignee: Zhejiang University ZJU; Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture
Priority date: 2021-05-13
Filing date: 2021-05-13
Publication date: 2021-08-17
Anticipated expiration: 2041-05-13
Also published as: CN113262978B

Abstract

The invention discloses a cleaning sieve blockage monitoring device and a cleaning device for agricultural machinery. The monitoring device comprises a pressure difference tester which is arranged on the side of the sorting screen and has a cylindrical inner wall, wherein a rotating shaft is inserted into the pressure difference tester along the diameter direction of the cylindrical inner wall, and a disc-shaped air tongue matched with the cross section shape of the cylindrical inner wall is fixedly arranged on the rotating shaft; an upper air taking pipe and a lower air taking pipe which are led to the upper part and the lower part of the cleaning sieve are respectively led out from the pressure difference tester above and below the air tongue on the cylinder wall, and the tail ends of the two air taking pipes respectively face the incoming air direction of cleaning airflow; the rotating shaft extends outwards to be connected with the angle sensor. The monitoring device adopts a pipeline to guide the wind pressure, adopts a mechanical wind tongue to detect the wind pressure difference, has better dust holding performance, and ensures that dust branches and leaves are difficult to hook and deposit in the monitoring device, so that the monitoring device can reliably work in a severe environment.

Description

Cleaning sieve blocks up monitoring devices and cleaning plant for agricultural machine

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a cleaning sieve blockage monitoring device and a cleaning device for agricultural machinery.

Background

Peanuts are used as important oil crops and high-quality protein resources, and the planting area and the yield of the peanuts in China are in the front of the world. According to the statistical data of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United nations, the planting area of the Chinese peanuts in 2019 is 4.51 multiplied by 106hm2 and accounts for 15.21 percent of the world; the yield is 1.76X 107t and accounts for 36.04 percent of the world.

China has wide peanut planting distribution, mainly focuses on regions such as Henan, Shandong, Guangdong, Hebei, Liaoning, Anhui, Jiangsu and the like, the variety of the planted peanuts is as many as 300, and the planting modes are various. However, the mechanized harvesting level of Chinese peanuts is relatively lagged behind that of the countries such as the United states, Brazil, Argentina and the like, and the mechanized harvesting level of Chinese peanuts in 2017 is only 39.72%, so that the development of the peanut industry is severely restricted. Most of the areas still mainly adopt manual and semi-mechanized production, especially in the harvesting operation, the labor amount accounts for 1/3 in the whole production process, and the operation cost accounts for 50% of the total production cost.

The mechanization is a main way for improving the agricultural production efficiency and reducing the labor cost, and provides a powerful guarantee for the development of agricultural production. The peanut mechanical harvesting mainly comprises two operation modes, namely a combined harvesting operation and a two-section harvesting operation. The combined harvest is in a semi-feeding mode, the fruit picking operation mainly adopts a mode of clamping and dragging a roller brush, the pod contains less seedlings and impurities, the peanut pod is fresh during harvest, the specific gravity of the pod and the fruit seedlings is large, and the seedlings and the impurities are easy to separate from the pod; the two-stage harvesting is to dig peanuts by using an excavator, then spread the peanuts in the field and dry the peanuts to be half-dry, and then use a picking harvester to harvest the peanuts. The picking harvester is in a full-feeding mode, after picking operation, materials falling on the cleaning sieve comprise peanut pods, broken branches and seedlings (long and short impurities), broken leaves, soil and the like, if various materials are not separated in time, the sieve surface is easy to block, the pod impurity content rate is increased, and the cleaning effect is influenced; after the screen surface is blocked, the machine needs to be stopped for manual cleaning, and the smoothness and the operation efficiency of the machine are influenced. The cleaning and screening operation link is severe, the dust is too large, and the visibility is extremely low, so that the visual sensor cannot be applied; if the wind speed sensor is adopted, the wind speed sensor is easy to block due to too much dust and the working principle and mechanism limitation of the wind speed sensor, so that the wind speed sensor cannot be applied to the wind speed sensor.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a cleaning sieve blockage monitoring device and a cleaning device for agricultural machinery according to the defects of the prior art, wherein the cleaning sieve blockage monitoring device is used for sampling and monitoring the air pressure difference above and below a cleaning sieve by adopting a pipeline structure, so that the purpose of monitoring the blockage of the cleaning sieve is realized, and the problem that the blockage condition of the cleaning sieve in the prior art is difficult to monitor is solved.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a device for monitoring blockage of a sorting screen,

the horizontal configuration of cleaning sieve, the below configuration of cleaning sieve is bloied the direction and is facing to the fan of cleaning sieve lower surface, its characterized in that:

a pressure difference tester with a cylindrical inner wall is arranged on the side of the sorting screen, a rotating shaft is inserted into the pressure difference tester along the diameter direction of the cylindrical inner wall, and a disc-shaped air tongue matched with the cross section shape of the cylindrical inner wall is fixedly arranged on the rotating shaft;

an upper air taking pipe and a lower air taking pipe which are communicated with the upper part and the lower part of the cleaning sieve are respectively led out from the pressure difference tester above and below the air tongue of the cylinder wall, the tail ends of the two air taking pipes respectively face the air incoming direction of cleaning airflow and are used for respectively leading the air pressure above and below the cleaning sieve (12) into the pressure difference tester (30) positioned on the side of the cleaning sieve (12) and driving the air tongue (31) to deflect by utilizing the air pressure difference of two air pressures;

the rotating shaft extends outwards and is connected with an angle sensor used for detecting the deflection angle of the air tongue (31).

A further improvement of the present invention is that the height of the take-down duct monotonically increases from the distal end to the differential pressure tester.

The invention is further improved in that the end orientations and the inner diameters of the upper exhaust duct and the lower exhaust duct are the same.

The invention has the further improvement that the tail end of the upper air taking pipe extends to the upper part of the cleaning sieve after being bent at a plurality of positions, and the tail end of the lower air taking pipe extends to the lower part of the cleaning sieve after being bent at a plurality of positions; the bending parts of the upper air taking pipe and the lower air taking pipe are both arc-shaped.

The invention is further improved in that the shell of the differential pressure tester comprises an upper shell and a lower shell which are tubular and coaxially connected, the upper shell and the lower shell are connected through a flange structure, and a sealing element is arranged between flanges of the upper shell and the lower shell.

The invention is further improved in that a round hole for the rotating shaft to pass through is arranged between the flanges of the upper shell and the lower shell, and the round hole is arranged along the diameter direction of the flanges.

The invention has the further improvement that the angle sensor is connected with the outer side surface of a fixed plate, the inner side surface of the fixed plate is attached to the edge of the flange plate, and the fixed plate is respectively and fixedly connected with the upper air taking pipe and the lower air taking pipe through two U-shaped fixing clamps.

The invention is further improved in that an elastic driving mechanism for driving the wind tongue to rotate and reset along the rotating shaft is arranged in the angle sensor.

The invention also includes a cleaning plant for agricultural machinery, comprising:

the cleaning screen blockage monitoring device;

the cleaning sieve vibrates by taking a hydraulic motor as power;

and the controller is in communication connection with the cleaning sieve blockage monitoring device and is used for controlling the hydraulic motor to accelerate the rotating speed and improve the vibration frequency of the cleaning sieve after the cleaning sieve blockage monitoring device detects that the cleaning sieve is blocked, controlling the rotating speed of the fan and improving the air outlet quantity so as to dredge the cleaning sieve.

The invention is further improved in that the cleaning device for agricultural machinery further comprises a plurality of cleaning screen blockage monitoring devices, and each cleaning screen blockage monitoring device is respectively used for detecting each part of the cleaning screen.

The invention has the advantages that: the monitoring device adopts a pipeline to guide the wind pressure, adopts a mechanical wind tongue to detect the wind pressure difference, has better dust holding performance, and ensures that dust branches and leaves are difficult to hook and deposit in the monitoring device, so that the monitoring device can reliably work in a severe environment.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a side view of a cleaning apparatus for agricultural machinery having a cleaning screen clogging monitoring device;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a cleaning screen plugging monitoring device;

FIG. 3 is a partial perspective view of a cleaning screen plugging monitoring device;

fig. 4 is a flow chart of a control algorithm for a cleaning screen plugging monitoring device.

Detailed Description

The features of the present invention and other related features are described in further detail below by way of example in conjunction with the following drawings to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art:

example (b): as shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention includes a screen plugging monitoring device for use with a screen 12 having a fan 11 disposed below. The screen 12 is arranged in a transverse direction, which is at a small angle to the horizontal. The fan 11 is used to blow air toward the bottom surface of the cleaning screen 12 to form a cleaning air flow passing through the cleaning screen 12. During the cleaning process, peanut pods, broken branches and seedlings (long and short), broken leaves, soil and the like fall onto the cleaning sieve 12, the cleaning airflow can blow impurities except the peanut pods, and the monitoring technology such as images and wind speeds cannot be applied due to severe link, large dust and low visibility in the process.

As shown in fig. 1, 2, and 3, in order to solve this problem, in the present embodiment, a differential pressure tester 30 having a cylindrical inner wall is disposed on a side of the cleaning screen 12. The cylindrical inner wall encloses to form a cylindrical airflow channel. The rotating shaft 33 is inserted into the differential pressure tester 30 along the diameter direction of the cylindrical inner wall, and the disk-shaped air tongue 31 which is matched with the cross section shape of the cylindrical inner wall is fixedly arranged on the rotating shaft 33. The air tongues 31 are located in the air flow channel.

An upper air taking pipe 21 and a lower air taking pipe 22 which are communicated with the upper part and the lower part of the cleaning sieve 12 are respectively led out from the upper part and the lower part of a cylindrical wall air tongue 31 of the differential pressure tester 30, the two air taking pipes are communicated with an air flow channel, and the tail ends of the two air taking pipes face the air incoming direction of the cleaning air flow respectively. The two air intake pipes respectively introduce air pressure above and below the sorting screen 12 into the interior of the differential pressure tester 30, and when there is air pressure difference above and below the sorting screen 12, air flow is formed in the interior space of the differential pressure tester 30, and the air tongues 31 are pushed to deflect along the rotating shaft 33.

The rotating shaft 33 extends outward to connect the angle sensor 32 to detect the deflection angle of the wind tongue 31. The deflection angle of the wind tongue 31 is positively correlated with the detected wind pressure difference, so that the wind pressure difference can be obtained by measuring the angle. When the cleaning screen 12 is clogged, the cleaning airflow is blocked, so that the air pressure difference between the upper and lower sides of the cleaning screen 12 becomes large, and therefore, whether the cleaning screen 12 is clogged or not can be detected by detecting the air pressure difference.

In some embodiments, the height of the take-down duct 22 monotonically increases from the tip to the differential pressure tester 30, with no drop-off. The arrangement can ensure that the sundries from the tail end of the upper exhaust duct 21 or the lower exhaust duct 22 can be discharged without obstruction, and the sundries are prevented from being deposited in the lower exhaust duct 22.

In some embodiments, the terminal orientations and the inner diameters of the upper air taking pipe 21 and the lower air taking pipe 22 are the same, and the terminal tangents of the upper air taking pipe and the lower air taking pipe are arranged along the wind direction of the cleaning airflow, so that the wind pressure can be fully introduced, and the detection precision is improved. In addition, the upper air taking pipe 21 and the lower air taking pipe 22 are bent for a plurality of times, and the tail end openings of the upper air taking pipe and the lower air taking pipe are arranged in a direction obliquely downwards so as to reduce sundries blown into the pipeline.

In some embodiments, the upper air intake duct 21 is bent at a plurality of positions, and then the end thereof extends to the upper side of the cleaning sieve 12, the lower air intake duct 22 is bent at a plurality of positions, and then the end thereof extends to the lower side of the cleaning sieve 12, and the bent positions of the upper air intake duct 21 and the lower air intake duct 22 are both arc-shaped with the same curvature radius, so as to reduce the loss of the air pressure caused by the bent positions of the air intake ducts.

In some embodiments, the housing of the differential pressure tester 30 includes an upper housing 37 and a lower housing 39, which are tubular and coaxially connected, and are connected by a flange structure, and a sealing member is disposed between the flanges 34 of the two and is tightly sealed by bolts. The sealing element can adopt a paper pad or a rubber pad to prevent air flow from leaking.

In one embodiment, a circular hole for passing the rotating shaft 33 is formed between the flanges 34 of the upper and

lower housings

37 and 39, and the circular hole is formed along the diameter of the flange 34. The axes of the upper case 37 and the lower case 39 are arranged in the vertical direction.

In this embodiment, the rotating shaft 33 passes through the diameter direction of the wind tongue 31, and the wind tongue 31 is a circular structure and symmetrically distributed along the rotating shaft 33, so as to avoid measurement errors caused by the unbalanced weight of one side of the wind tongue 31.

In this embodiment, an elastic driving mechanism for driving the wind tongue 31 to return rotationally along the rotation shaft 33 is provided in the angle sensor 32. When the wind pressure difference is 0, no air flow pushes the wind tongue 31, and at this time, the elastic driving mechanism drives the wind tongue 31 to be in a horizontal state, so that a cylindrical air flow channel (formed by enclosing a cylindrical inner wall) in the pressure difference tester 30 is completely blocked. When the wind pressure difference is increased, airflow is formed in the cylindrical airflow channel, the wind tongue 31 is pushed to overcome the elastic driving mechanism to deflect by a corresponding angle, and the deflection angle of the wind tongue 31 is larger when the wind pressure difference is larger. The elastic driving mechanism can be realized by a spring, and other mechanisms with elasticity or electromagnetic driving mechanisms such as a permanent magnet motor can be adopted to simulate the elastic property.

In this embodiment, differential pressure tester 30 may be positioned on the side of the screen 12, spaced apart from the screen, and provided with a baffle. The angle sensor 32 is disposed outside the differential pressure tester 30, separated from the working environment, enhancing reliability of the electronic device. The wind tongue 31 of the mechanical knot is adopted to detect wind pressure, the dust holding performance is good, and the wind tongue can reliably work in severe environment.

In this embodiment, the angle sensor 32 is connected to an outer side surface of a fixing plate 35, and an inner side surface of the fixing plate 35 is attached to an edge of the flange, and is fixedly connected to the upper exhaust duct 21 and the lower exhaust duct 22 through two U-shaped fixing clips 36.

As shown in fig. 1 and 4, the embodiment of the present invention also includes a cleaning apparatus for agricultural machinery, including: the cleaning screen plugging monitoring device 20, the cleaning screen 12, and the controller described above. The cleaning screen 12 is vibrated using a hydraulic motor as power. The fan 11 below the screen 12 is also driven by a hydraulic motor.

The controller is in communication connection with the cleaning sieve blockage monitoring device and is used for controlling the hydraulic motor to accelerate the rotating speed and improve the vibration frequency of the cleaning sieve and controlling the fan to improve the air outlet quantity after the cleaning sieve blockage monitoring device detects that the cleaning sieve is blocked so as to dredge the cleaning sieve 12.

In some embodiments, multiple sets of cleaning screen plugging monitoring devices 20 may be configured on each cleaning screen to monitor the respective positions of the cleaning screens 12.

In some embodiments, the control algorithm adopted by the controller is a double-threshold dead-zone intelligent PI sorting screening anti-blocking control method. When the cleaning sieve normally works, materials are arranged on the sieve surface, a part of air pressure is reduced, and when an upper air beam passes through the upper air taking pipe and the lower air taking pipe to reach an air tongue, a certain air pressure loss exists, so that the angle sensor has a certain anticlockwise or clockwise rotation angle alpha before the cleaning sieve surface is not blocked, namely, a positive threshold alpha and a negative threshold-alpha exist, the cleaning sieve surface is blocked only when the angle change beta measured by the angle sensor exceeds the threshold, the rotation speed of a hydraulic motor for driving the fan and the cleaning sieve is required to be adjusted through a hydraulic electromagnetic valve, and then the rotation speed of the fan and the vibration frequency of the cleaning sieve are adjusted, so that the aim of timely cleaning the blocked sieve surface is fulfilled, and the problem of poor system stability caused by frequent adjustment of the hydraulic motor by a controller is avoided. Meanwhile, the traditional PI regulator has the advantages of simple structure, no static difference in steady state and the like, but the traditional PI control has the defect that the dynamic process of multiple changing ends is processed by a constant mode and parameters, so the contradiction among stationarity, rapidity and accuracy is difficult to solve. The intelligent PI control is a novel control method, the intelligent PI controller can dynamically change the structure and parameters of the controller according to the running condition of the system, and the intelligent PI controller has strong self-adaptive capacity, so that the controller can obtain good control effect in complex, dynamic and uncertain systems. The specific control flow diagram is shown in fig. 4.

The above embodiments of the present invention do not limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for monitoring blockage of a sorting screen,

the horizontal configuration of cleaning sieve (12), the below configuration of cleaning sieve (12) is bloied the direction and is facing to fan (11) of cleaning sieve (12) lower surface, its characterized in that:

a pressure difference tester (30) with a cylindrical inner wall is arranged on the side of the sorting screen (12), a rotating shaft (33) is inserted into the pressure difference tester (30) along the diameter direction of the cylindrical inner wall, and a disc-shaped air tongue (31) matched with the cross section shape of the cylindrical inner wall is fixedly arranged on the rotating shaft (33);

an upper air taking pipe (21) and a lower air taking pipe (22) which are communicated with the upper part and the lower part of the sorting screen (12) are respectively led out from the pressure difference tester (30) above and below the air tongue (31), the tail ends of the two air taking pipes respectively face the air incoming direction of the sorting airflow and are used for respectively leading the air pressure above and below the sorting screen (12) into the pressure difference tester (30) on the side of the sorting screen (12) and driving the air tongue (31) to deflect by utilizing the air pressure difference of the two air pressures;

the rotating shaft (33) extends outwards and is connected with an angle sensor (32) used for detecting the deflection angle of the air tongue (31).

2. A cleaning screen plugging monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein the height of said drop air duct (22) monotonically increases from the tip to said differential pressure tester (30).

3. A cleaning screen clogging monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper aspiration duct (21) and the lower aspiration duct (22) have the same end orientation and inner diameter.

4. A cleaning sieve blockage monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein the upper air intake duct (21) is bent at a plurality of positions and then the tail end thereof extends to the upper part of the cleaning sieve (12), and the lower air intake duct (22) is bent at a plurality of positions and then the tail end thereof extends to the lower part of the cleaning sieve (12); the bent parts of the upper air taking pipe (21) and the lower air taking pipe (22) are both arc-shaped.

5. A cleaning screen clogging monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing of the differential pressure tester (30) comprises an upper housing (37) and a lower housing (39) which are tubular and coaxially connected, and which are connected by a flange structure, and a sealing member is arranged between the flanges of the two.

6. A cleaning screen clogging monitoring device according to claim 5, characterized in that between the flanges of the upper housing (37) and the lower housing (39) there is provided a circular hole for the shaft (33) to pass through, which circular hole is arranged along the diameter of the flange.

7. A sorting screen blockage monitoring device according to claim 6, wherein the angle sensor (32) is connected with the outer side of a fixing plate (35), the inner side of the fixing plate (35) is attached to the edge of the flange plate, and the fixing plate is respectively fixedly connected with the upper air taking pipe (21) and the lower air taking pipe (22) through two U-shaped fixing clamps (36).

8. A sorting screen blockage monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that an elastic drive mechanism for driving the wind tongue (31) to return rotationally along the rotation axis (33) is arranged in the angle sensor (32).

9. A cleaning device for agricultural machinery, characterized by comprising:

a cleaning screen plugging monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 8;

the cleaning sieve vibrates by taking a hydraulic motor as power;

10. A cleaning apparatus according to claim 9, including a plurality of cleaning screen blockage monitoring devices, each for detecting a respective portion of the cleaning screen.