CN113258435A - Narrow-pulse-width high-power laser constant-current driving circuit and optical module - Google Patents
Narrow-pulse-width high-power laser constant-current driving circuit and optical module Download PDFInfo
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- CN113258435A CN113258435A CN202110746862.9A CN202110746862A CN113258435A CN 113258435 A CN113258435 A CN 113258435A CN 202110746862 A CN202110746862 A CN 202110746862A CN 113258435 A CN113258435 A CN 113258435A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/04—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping, e.g. by electron beams
- H01S5/042—Electrical excitation ; Circuits therefor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/04—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping, e.g. by electron beams
- H01S5/042—Electrical excitation ; Circuits therefor
- H01S5/0427—Electrical excitation ; Circuits therefor for applying modulation to the laser
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/04—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping, e.g. by electron beams
- H01S5/042—Electrical excitation ; Circuits therefor
- H01S5/0428—Electrical excitation ; Circuits therefor for applying pulses to the laser
Abstract
The invention discloses a narrow-pulse-width high-power laser constant-current driving circuit and an optical module. The circuit comprises: the laser comprises a first resistor, a transistor, an operational amplifier, a first analog switch, a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor and a laser; the first resistor includes: a current sampling resistor; a first resistor having a first terminal connected to a power supply terminal and a second terminal connected to a source of the transistor; the first terminal of the second resistor is connected with the source electrode of the transistor, and the second terminal of the second resistor is connected with the negative input end of the operational amplifier; and a first terminal of the third resistor is connected with the negative input end of the operational amplifier, and a second terminal of the third resistor is connected with the output terminal of the first analog switch. The circuit of the invention modulates the first analog switch U2 to output pulse width modulation voltage through the PWM signal, so that the output current corresponds to the PWM waveform, and the purpose of constant current driving of the narrow-pulse-width high-power laser is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser constant current driving circuits, in particular to a narrow-pulse-width high-power laser constant current driving circuit and an optical module.
Background
The semiconductor laser is widely applied to the fields of laser communication, laser marking, laser ranging, laser radar and the like. The semiconductor laser is characterized in that the semiconductor laser is driven by a constant current, so that the semiconductor laser is required to have the characteristics of high stability of the constant current, small surge current and no reverse overshoot current for generating laser with high-stability wavelength. At present, the schemes of the constant current driving circuit of the laser are various, but it is still difficult to find a driving circuit which adopts the output end of the laser to be grounded, has the advantages that the pulse width and the amplitude of the current can be adjusted randomly, and has high-power narrow-pulse-width constant current output.
One of the existing schemes is to use a power transistor, such as an NPN triode, a darlington transistor, and an NMOS transistor, to operate in a linear constant current mode, so as to achieve constant or pulsed operation of the laser. For example, patent document CN106444951A discloses "ultra-high-speed high-current pulse constant current source", which adopts NPN-type darlington transistor working in linear constant current state, and adopts current series negative feedback circuit to realize ultra-high-speed pulse current driving. For example, patent document CN111629490A discloses "a constant current driving circuit with adjustable current and PWM strobe frequency control and a control method", which adopts a constant current driving circuit implemented by using a current parallel negative feedback circuit and an NMOS transistor or a darlington transistor working in a linear constant current state. The circuits require the laser to work by adopting suspension work, so that the driving mode is not satisfied with some lasers with monitoring functions, and the circuits require the laser to work in occasions that a terminal of constant current output of the laser must be grounded.
Another existing scheme is to use a power transistor to operate in a switching mode, charge or discharge a capacitor connected in parallel with the laser when the switch is turned off, and instantly discharge or charge the capacitor connected in parallel with the laser when the switch is turned on, so as to achieve the purpose of driving the laser at high speed and with narrow pulse width. For example, patent document CN108011293B proposes "a narrow pulse width infrared semiconductor laser driving circuit", in which an energy storage capacitor and a laser are connected in series and then connected in parallel to the drain and the ground of an NMOS transistor, and the NMOS transistor is driven by the pulse width, so as to achieve the purpose of outputting a narrow pulse width light spot by the laser. In this way, a narrow laser pulse current output can be realized, but the amplitude of the output current is not adjustable, and the change of the pulse width has a large influence on the amplitude of the output current.
Still another conventional scheme is to use a CMOS circuit and a current mirror circuit to implement constant current driving of the laser. For example, patent document CN109818257B "a CMOS process laser driving circuit" adopts a laser constant current circuit implemented by a CMOS integrated circuit and a current mirror, and patent document CN110783813A "a driving device for nanosecond narrow pulse laser" adopts a CMOS circuit to implement pulse constant current output. Also, these schemes are difficult to realize accurate control of the pulse width of the output current, which limits the application thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the technical problems solved by the present invention at least include: firstly, the drain electrode of a transistor (such as a PMOS transistor) is connected with the anode of the laser, and the cathode of the laser is connected with a signal ground, so that the heat dissipation of the laser and the parallel connection of multiple lasers are facilitated; secondly, the transistor works in a linear constant current region and is in a current parallel deep negative feedback state, so that the amplitude of output current and the current pulse width can be accurately controlled; and thirdly, the narrow pulse width and high power output of the laser can be realized by adopting a matched signal adjusting circuit and a pulse phase shifting circuit.
The constant current driving circuit of the narrow pulse width high-power laser comprises a current sampling resistor R1, a PMOS transistor M1, an operational amplifier U1, a first analog switch U2, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a resistor R4 and a laser D1, wherein a current signal flowing through the sampling resistor R1 drives a P-channel MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) transistor through the operational amplifier U1, the MOS transistor is positioned in a constant current working region, the current flowing through the laser D1 is constant current at the moment, one end of the laser is connected with a signal ground, and the first analog switch U2 is modulated by a PWM (pulse width modulation) signal to output pulse width modulation voltage, so that the output current corresponds to a PWM waveform, and the purpose of constant current driving of the narrow pulse width high-power laser is achieved.
In order to solve the above technical problem, according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a narrow pulse width high power laser constant current driving circuit, including: the laser comprises a first resistor, a transistor, an operational amplifier, a first analog switch, a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor and a laser;
the first resistor includes: a current sampling resistor;
a first resistor having a first terminal connected to a power supply terminal and a second terminal connected to a source of the transistor;
the first terminal of the second resistor is connected with the source electrode of the transistor, and the second terminal of the second resistor is connected with the negative input end of the operational amplifier;
the first terminal of the third resistor is connected with the negative input end of the operational amplifier, and the second terminal of the third resistor is connected with the output terminal of the first analog switch;
the first terminal of the fourth resistor is connected with the grid electrode of the transistor;
the drain electrode of the transistor is connected with the first terminal of the laser;
the second terminal of the laser is connected with a signal ground;
the operational amplifier has a positive input connected to a reference voltage, an output connected to the second terminal of the fourth resistor,
in an exemplary scheme, the first resistor, the second resistor, the third resistor, the fourth resistor, the operational amplifier, the transistor and the laser form a current parallel negative feedback circuit; the current through the laser is calculated from the current on the first resistor.
In an exemplary scheme, the first terminal of the first analog switch is an input signal terminal and is connected with a signal ground; the second terminal of the first analog switch is an input signal terminal and is connected with a voltage signal DA 1; the third terminal of the first analog switch is a selection control terminal and is connected with a PWM signal; the PWM signal is set as a constant voltage signal or a narrow pulse width voltage signal; the output signal of the first analog switch is a signal which is subjected to PWM signal modulation output by the selection control terminal, and the amplitude of the signal is changed between 0V voltage and the amplitude of the voltage signal DA 1.
In an exemplary aspect, the transistor is: PMOS transistor, PNP transistor or Darlington transistor containing PNP transistor.
In an exemplary scheme, the narrow-pulse-width high-power laser constant-current driving circuit further comprises a signal adjusting circuit connected between the output end of the operational amplifier and the negative input end of the operational amplifier in parallel;
the signal conditioning circuit includes: a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor and a first capacitor;
the sixth resistor is connected in series with the first capacitor and then connected between the negative input end and the output end of the operational amplifier in parallel;
the fifth resistor is directly connected between the negative input end and the output end of the operational amplifier.
In an exemplary scheme, the narrow-pulse-width high-power laser constant-current driving circuit further comprises a pulse shaping circuit;
the pulse shaping circuit includes: a ninth resistor, a tenth resistor, an eleventh resistor, a second capacitor and a second diode;
a first terminal of the ninth resistor is connected with an output end of the first analog switch;
a second terminal of the ninth resistor is connected to a first terminal of the tenth resistor;
a first terminal of the second capacitor is connected with a second terminal of the ninth resistor;
a second terminal of the second capacitor is connected to a first terminal of the eleventh resistor;
an anode of the second diode is connected to a first terminal of the eleventh resistor;
the cathode of the second diode is connected with the positive input end of the operational amplifier;
a second terminal of the tenth resistor and a second terminal of the eleventh resistor are connected to signal ground.
In an exemplary embodiment, the current I1 flowing through the laser is calculated as follows:
wherein, R1 is a resistance value of the first resistor, R2 is a resistance value of the second resistor, R3 is a resistance value of the third resistor, V1 is a voltage provided to the first terminal of the first resistor, V2 is an output terminal voltage of the first analog switch, and V3 is a reference voltage provided to the positive input terminal of the operational amplifier.
According to a second aspect of the invention, the invention provides a driving method of a narrow-pulse-width high-power laser constant current driving circuit, which comprises the following steps:
a step of outputting a constant current: calculating an output voltage value V2 of a first analog switch according to a constant current value I1 required by the laser, setting a voltage value of a voltage signal DA1 equal to a voltage value of V2, setting a PWM signal as a constant voltage signal, and connecting a second terminal of the first analog switch to an output terminal;
and outputting a pulse current: according to the amplitude I1 of the pulse current value required by the laser, the output voltage value V2 of the first analog switch is calculated, the voltage value of the voltage signal DA1 is set to be equal to the voltage value of V2, the PWM signal is set to be a narrow pulse width signal, and the first terminal and the second terminal of the first analog switch chip are respectively connected to the output terminals according to the PWM signal.
In an exemplary scheme, the step of calculating the output voltage value V2 of the first analog switch is calculated by the following formula:
wherein, R1 is a resistance value of the first resistor, R2 is a resistance value of the second resistor, R3 is a resistance value of the third resistor, V1 is a voltage provided to the first terminal of the first resistor, V2 is an output terminal voltage of the first analog switch, and V3 is a reference voltage provided to the positive input terminal of the operational amplifier.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a narrow pulse width high power laser driving circuit comprising: the laser comprises a first resistor, a transistor, an operational amplifier, a first analog switch, a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a laser, a reference voltage setting circuit and a pulse phase-shifting circuit;
the first resistor is a current sampling resistor, a first terminal of the first resistor is connected with a power supply terminal, and a second terminal of the first resistor is connected with a source electrode of the transistor;
a first terminal of the second resistor is connected with the source electrode of the transistor, and a second terminal of the second resistor is connected with the negative input end of the operational amplifier;
a first terminal of the third resistor is connected with a negative input end of the operational amplifier, and a second terminal of the third resistor is connected with an output terminal of the first analog switch;
the positive input end of the operational amplifier is connected with a reference voltage V3, and the output end of the operational amplifier is connected with the second terminal of the fourth resistor;
a first terminal of the fourth resistor is connected with a grid electrode of the transistor; the drain electrode of the transistor is connected with the first terminal of the laser;
a second terminal of the laser is connected to a signal ground;
the control first terminal of the pulse phase-shift circuit is externally connected with a PWM control signal, the control second terminal of the pulse phase-shift circuit is connected with the reference voltage setting circuit, and the output terminal of the pulse phase-shift circuit is connected with the positive input end of the operational amplifier.
In an exemplary aspect, the connection terminal of the pulse phase shift circuit includes: an input control first terminal, an input control second terminal, and an output terminal;
the pulse phase shift circuit further comprises: the pulse phase-shifting circuit is used for controlling the output terminal to output phase-shifting pulse voltage through inputting a PWM signal for controlling the first terminal and providing the phase-shifting pulse voltage to the positive input end of the operational amplifier;
an input first terminal of the second analog switch is connected with a reference voltage DA2, and an input second terminal of the second analog switch is connected with a control terminal of the pulse phase-shifting circuit;
the output terminal of the second analog switch is connected with the input terminal of the phase-shifting circuit;
and the output terminal of the phase shift circuit is connected with the output terminal of the pulse phase shift circuit.
In an exemplary scheme, the narrow-pulse-width high-power laser constant current driving circuit further comprises: the signal adjusting circuit is connected between the output end of the operational amplifier and the negative input end of the operational amplifier in parallel;
the signal conditioning circuit, further comprising: a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor and a first capacitor;
the sixth resistor and the first capacitor are connected in series and then connected between the negative input end and the output end of the operational amplifier;
the fifth resistor is directly connected between the negative input end and the output end of the operational amplifier.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an optical module, including a circuit board in which a laser driving circuit is arranged, the laser driving circuit being the driving circuit configured as described above.
The beneficial effects of the invention at least comprise:
(1) the transistor, such as a PMOS transistor, a PNP transistor or a Darlington transistor, is adopted to enable the transistor to work in a constant current region or an amplification region, one end of the laser is connected with a drain electrode of the PMOS transistor and a collector electrode of the PNP transistor or the Darlington transistor, and the other end of the laser is grounded, so that the heat dissipation of the laser and the parallel connection of multiple lasers are facilitated.
(2) Through PWM signals, the PMOS tube is controlled to be in a current parallel deep negative feedback state and works in a linear constant current region, so that the current I1 flowing through the laser is constant current or pulse current, and the technical effect that the amplitude and the pulse width of the current flowing through the laser can be independently set and accurately controlled is achieved.
(3) The signal adjusting circuit can perform proportional-integral adjustment on the signal, so that the stability of the operational amplifier is improved, the rising edge and the current overshoot of the current flowing through the laser are inhibited, and the quality of the output current signal is improved.
(4) A pulse shaping circuit is adopted, and the signal of the positive input terminal of the operational amplifier is dynamically changed on the rising edge or the falling edge of the signal, so that the rising speed of the output current is increased, and the overshoot current flowing through the laser is reduced.
(5) A pulse phase shift circuit is adopted, the phase of a reference voltage signal is shifted through an external voltage control signal, and the reference voltage signal is compared with the phase of an original signal, so that the current output with narrow pulse width is realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments or technical solutions in the prior art of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only a part of the embodiments or prior art, and other similar or related drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a first circuit structure diagram of a narrow-pulse-width high-power laser constant current driving circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a second circuit structure diagram of the constant current driving circuit of the narrow pulse width high power laser according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a third circuit structure diagram of the constant current driving circuit of the narrow pulse width high power laser according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a fourth circuit structure diagram of the constant current driving circuit of the narrow pulse width high power laser according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a waveform diagram of the operation of a fourth circuit of the constant current driving circuit of the narrow pulse width high power laser according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a transient simulation waveform diagram of a first circuit of the constant current driving circuit of the narrow-pulse-width high-power laser according to the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 is a transient simulation waveform diagram of a second circuit of the constant current driving circuit of the narrow-pulse-width high-power laser according to the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 8 is a transient simulation waveform diagram of a third circuit of the constant current driving circuit of the narrow-pulse-width high-power laser according to the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 9 is a transient simulation waveform diagram of a fourth circuit of the constant current driving circuit of the narrow-pulse-width high-power laser according to the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples. The present invention will be described in further detail below to make the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention clearer and more clear, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1:
fig. 1 is a first circuit structure diagram of a narrow-pulse-width high-power laser constant current driving circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. The constant current driving circuit of the narrow-pulse-width high-power laser comprises: the laser device comprises a first resistor R1, a transistor M1, an operational amplifier U1, a first analog switch U2, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4 and a laser D1; the first resistor R1 is a current sampling resistor, the first terminal of which is connected to the power supply terminal, and the second terminal is connected to the source of the transistor 101; a first terminal of the second resistor R2 is connected to the source of the transistor 101, and a second terminal is connected to the negative input terminal of the operational amplifier U1; a first terminal of the third resistor R3 is connected with a negative input end of the operational amplifier U1, and a second terminal is connected with an output terminal of the first analog switch U2; the positive input end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with the reference voltage V3, and the output end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with the second terminal of the fourth resistor R4; a first terminal of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the gate of the transistor 101; the drain of the transistor 101 is connected with a first terminal of the laser D1; a second terminal of laser D1 is connected to signal ground.
The current parallel negative feedback circuit is formed by a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, an operational amplifier U1, a transistor M1 and a laser D1; the first resistor R1 is also called a sampling resistor, and the current I1 flowing through the laser D1 can be calculated by the current on the first resistor R1.
At this time, the current I1 flowing through the laser D1 is calculated as follows:
In the above formula 1, I1 is the current flowing through the laser D1, R1 is the resistance value of the first resistor, R2 is the resistance value of the second resistor, R3 is the resistance value of the third resistor, V1 is the voltage provided to the first terminal of the first resistor R1, V2 is the voltage at the output terminal of the first analog switch U2, and V3 is the reference voltage, and is connected to the positive input terminal of the operational amplifier U1; the voltage of V1 is a constant voltage and should be able to provide sufficient energy to the first resistor R1, the laser D1 and the transistor 101.
The reference voltage V3 may be provided by the reference voltage setting circuit 103, and one implementation of the reference voltage setting circuit 103 is formed by serially dividing a voltage by a seventh resistor R7 and an eighth resistor R8, one end of the seventh resistor R7 is connected to the voltage Vc, the other end of the seventh resistor R7 is connected to the eighth resistor R8 and to the positive input end of the operational amplifier U1, and the other end of the eighth resistor R8 is connected to the signal ground.
The calculation formula given in formula 1 is a calculation formula after the circuit works stably; in this formula, since the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2, the third resistor R3, the voltage V1, and the voltage V3 are all fixed and constant, the output current I1 can be calculated by the voltage V2, when the voltage V2 is a constant voltage, the output current I1 is a constant current, and when the voltage V2 is a pulse current, the output circuit I1 is a pulse current.
From the above formula 1, it can be seen that the scheme of the present embodiment needs to be noted that: one is that the voltage of the voltage V1 should be constant and can be supplied by a linear power supply or a switching power supply, and the supply terminal of the voltage V1 should provide enough capacitance to allow a stable output of the system during high current pulses; secondly, the establishment of the formula 1 is that the system works in a deep negative feedback state, or in other words, works in a deep negative feedback state with current in series, and at the moment, the output current I1 can be calculated by adopting the formula 1; thirdly, the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3 in the formula should adopt high-precision resistors, and the voltage V3 should also be a voltage signal with small ripple.
The first terminal of the first analog switch U2 is an input signal terminal and is connected to signal ground; the second terminal is an input signal terminal and is connected with a voltage signal DA 1; the third terminal is a selection control terminal and is connected with a PWM signal, and the PWM signal can be set to be a constant voltage signal or a narrow pulse width signal; the output signal of the first analog switch U2 is a signal that is PWM signal modulated by the select control terminal and varies in magnitude between a 0V voltage (i.e., signal ground) and the magnitude of the voltage signal DA 1. The first analog switch U2 includes, but is not limited to, an analog switch chip.
The following illustrates a specific design of the circuit when the current pulse of the output current 6A, the pulse width 10us, and the period 100us is realized in the present embodiment, but the specific arrangement of the circuit of the present invention is not limited thereto. According to the circuit diagram of fig. 1, an input voltage V1 is set to be 9V voltage, a voltage Vc is set to be 5V voltage, a first resistor R1 is 1 Ω, a second resistor R2 is 2k Ω, a third resistor R3 is 1k Ω, a fourth resistor R4 is 5 Ω, an OP284E is selected as an operational amplifier U1, a PMOS transistor IRF7410 is selected as a transistor 101, a semiconductor laser diode is selected as a laser D1, and an alternative analog switch chip ADG719 is selected as a first analog switch U2; the voltage Vc is set to 5V, and at the moment, the seventh resistor R7 selects a 2k omega resistor, and the eighth resistor R8 selects a 3k omega resistor; a first terminal of the first analog switch U2 is grounded, and a second terminal is connected with a voltage signal DA1 and is 3V; the PWM is set to be a pulse waveform with the period of 100us, the pulse width of 10us, the low level of 0V and the high level of 3V.
Fig. 6 is a transient simulation waveform diagram of a first circuit of the constant current driving circuit of the narrow-pulse-width high-power laser according to the embodiment of the invention. From the above setting parameters, the current output to the semiconductor laser diode was calculated to be 6A, and the simulated waveform was as shown in fig. 6. The PWM signal, the V2 signal, and the waveform flowing through the laser D1 are shown, and detailed tests on the waveforms show that the current flowing through the laser is 5.98A, the pulse width is 8.66us, the maximum value of the overshoot current is 7.65A, and the pulse rise time is 2.3 us. It can be seen that the output constant current drive waveform is stable, the pulse width setting meets the requirements, and only the current overshoot is a little large.
Through PWM signals, the PMOS tube is controlled to be in a current parallel deep negative feedback state and works in a linear constant current region, the current flowing through the laser D1 is constant current or pulse current, the amplitude and the pulse width of the current flowing through the laser can be independently set and accurately controlled, and the amplitude of the output current can be calculated through formula 1.
Meanwhile, transistors including but not limited to PMOS tubes are adopted, the PMOS tubes work in a constant current region or an amplification region, one end of the laser is connected with the drain electrode of the PMOS tubes, and the other end of the laser is grounded, so that the laser is favorable for heat dissipation and parallel connection of multiple lasers.
Example 2:
fig. 2 is a second circuit structure diagram of the constant current driving circuit of the narrow pulse width high power laser according to the embodiment of the present invention. In embodiment 2 shown in fig. 2, a signal adjusting circuit 102 is added to embodiment 1. The signal adjusting circuit 102 compensates for a deep negative feedback circuit formed by the operational amplifier U1, the fifth resistor R5 and the third resistor R3 form a proportional amplifying circuit, the sixth resistor R6, the first capacitor C1 and the third resistor R3 form an integrating circuit, and the signal adjusting circuit plays a role in adjusting a signal of the deep negative feedback circuit.
Fig. 7 is a transient simulation waveform diagram of a second circuit of the constant current driving circuit of the narrow-pulse-width high-power laser according to the embodiment of the invention. Illustratively, in the signal adjusting circuit 102, the fifth resistor R5 is set to 200k Ω, the sixth resistor R6 is set to 5 Ω, and the first capacitor C1 is set to 350 pf. The circuit was subjected to simulation test, and the waveform thereof is shown in fig. 7. As can be seen from the simulated waveform diagram of fig. 7, the current overshoot output to the laser diode D1 is substantially eliminated after the addition of the signal conditioning circuit 102. Further tests show that the output pulse current is 5.98A, the pulse width is 8.4us, the overshoot current is basically eliminated, and the rise time is 2.5 us. The pulse is eliminated but a certain rise time is sacrificed.
Therefore, the signal can be subjected to proportional-integral regulation through the signal regulating circuit, the operational stability of the operational amplifier is improved, the rising edge of the current flowing through the laser is restrained, the overshoot of the control current is suppressed, and the quality of the output signal is improved.
Example 3:
fig. 3 is a third circuit structure diagram of the constant current driving circuit of the narrow pulse width high power laser according to the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, the circuit implementation of the constant current driving circuit of the narrow-pulse-width high-power laser includes: the pulse shaping circuit comprises a first resistor R1, a transistor M1, an operational amplifier U1, a first analog switch U2, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a laser D1 and a pulse shaping circuit 201; the first resistor R1 is a current sampling resistor, the first terminal of which is connected to the power supply terminal, and the second terminal is connected to the source of the transistor 101; a first terminal of the second resistor R2 is connected to the source of the transistor 101, and a second terminal is connected to the negative input terminal of the operational amplifier U1; a first terminal of the third resistor R3 is connected with a negative input end of the operational amplifier U1, and a second terminal is connected with an output terminal of the first analog switch U2; the positive input end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with the reference voltage V3, and the output end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with the second terminal of the fourth resistor R4; a first terminal of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the gate of the transistor 101; the drain of the transistor 101 is connected with a first terminal of the laser D1; a second terminal of laser D1 is connected to signal ground.
The current parallel negative feedback circuit is formed by a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, an operational amplifier U1, a transistor M1 and a laser D1; the first resistor R1 is also called a sampling resistor, and the current I1 flowing through the laser D1 can be calculated by the current on the first resistor R1.
The first terminal of the first analog switch U2 is an input signal terminal and is connected to signal ground; the second terminal is an input signal terminal and is connected with a voltage signal DA 1; the third terminal is a selection control terminal and is connected with a PWM signal, and the PWM signal can be set to be a constant voltage signal or a narrow pulse width signal; the output signal of the first analog switch U2 is a signal that is PWM signal modulated by the select control terminal and varies in magnitude between a 0V voltage (i.e., signal ground) and the magnitude of the voltage signal DA 1.
The pulse shaping circuit 201 comprises a ninth resistor R9, a tenth resistor R10, an eleventh resistor R11, a second capacitor C2 and a second diode D2, wherein a first terminal of the ninth resistor R9 is connected with the output end of the first analog switch U2, and a second terminal of the ninth resistor R9 is connected with a first terminal of the tenth resistor R10; a first terminal of the second capacitor C2 is connected to a second terminal of the ninth resistor R9, and a second terminal is connected to a first terminal of the eleventh resistor R11; the anode of the second diode D2 is connected to the first terminal of the eleventh resistor R11, and the cathode is connected to the positive input terminal of the operational amplifier U1; a second terminal of the tenth resistor R10 and a second terminal of the eleventh resistor R11 are connected to signal ground.
The pulse shaping circuit 201 mainly functions to feed back the output signal of the first analog switch U2 to the positive input terminal of the operational amplifier U1, and when the pulse rises, the pulse shaping circuit and the negative input terminal of the operational amplifier U1 form a comparison signal, and after the pulse shaping circuit drives the transistor 101 through the deep negative feedback circuit, the purposes of slowing down the rising edge of the output current I1 and reducing the overshoot current are achieved.
Fig. 8 is a transient simulation waveform diagram of a third circuit of the constant current driving circuit of the narrow-pulse-width high-power laser according to the embodiment of the invention. The waveforms of the PWM signal, the voltage V2 signal, the voltage V3 signal, and the output current I (D1) are shown. As shown in fig. 8, it can be seen that the waveform 801 in fig. 8 corresponds to the current waveform diagram of the pulse shaping circuit 201, the pulse peak value of the current I (D1) output to the laser reaches about 7.25A, the output current after stabilization is 5.98A, and the pulse current peak time is 3.4 us; in fig. 8, a waveform 802 corresponds to a current waveform diagram when the pulse shaping circuit 201 is provided, and the peak value of the output pulse current is about 6.67A, the output current after stabilization is 5.99A, and the peak time of the pulse current is 0.57 us. Therefore, after the pulse shaping circuit is adopted, the time of outputting the current peak value current is short, the stabilization time is longer, and the laser is more beneficial to work.
Therefore, the pulse shaping circuit is adopted to dynamically change the signal of the positive input terminal of the operational amplifier on the rising edge or the falling edge of the signal, so that the rising speed of the output current is increased, and the overshoot current flowing through the laser is reduced.
Example 4:
the narrow-pulse-width high-power laser constant-current driving circuit shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 or fig. 3 can output a constant current or a pulse current, and the working method thereof is as follows:
in the case of outputting a constant current, according to a constant current value I1 required by the laser, an output voltage value V2 of the first analog switch U2 is calculated by formula 1, a voltage value of a voltage signal DA1 at an input terminal II of the first analog switch is set to be equal to a voltage value of V2, a PWM signal is set to be a constant voltage signal, and a second terminal of the first analog switch U2 is connected to an output terminal, thereby realizing a function of driving the laser to have a constant current.
In the case of outputting a pulse current, according to the amplitude I1 of a pulse current value required by the laser, the output voltage V2 of the first analog switch U2 is calculated by formula 1, the voltage value of the DA1 is set to be equal to the voltage value of V2, the PWM signal is set to be a narrow pulse width signal, the first terminal and the second terminal of the first analog switch U2 are respectively connected to the output terminals according to the PWM signal, and the function of driving the current I1 of the laser to be a narrow pulse width current is realized.
It should be noted that the premise that the calculation can be performed by using equation 1 is that the system operates in a deep negative feedback state, regardless of whether the output current is a constant current or a pulse current. Therefore, in designing parameters of a circuit, in order to normally output a current, it is necessary to consider that a transistor is arranged in a constant current region or an amplification region, rather than operating in a linear region or an off region.
Based on the configuration, the same circuit is adopted, and the output of constant current or pulse current can be realized at the same time, so that the application occasions are very many. For example, in a laser marking device, a constant current driving laser can be adopted, and a pulse current driving laser can also be adopted for marking; in addition, in the application of the LED light source in machine vision, the LED light source can be driven by constant current, and the LED light source can also be driven by pulse current.
Example 5:
fig. 4 is a fourth circuit structure diagram of the constant current driving circuit of the narrow pulse width high power laser according to the embodiment of the present invention. The scheme for realizing narrow-pulse-width constant-current output of the narrow-pulse-width high-power laser constant-current driving circuit comprises the following steps: a first resistor R1, a transistor M1, an operational amplifier U1, a first analog switch U2, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a laser D1, a reference voltage setting circuit 103 and a pulse phase-shifting circuit 301; the first resistor R1 is a current sampling resistor, the first terminal of which is connected to the power supply terminal, and the second terminal is connected to the source of the transistor 101; a first terminal of the second resistor R2 is connected to the source of the transistor 101, and a second terminal is connected to the negative input terminal of the operational amplifier U1; a first terminal of the third resistor R3 is connected with a negative input end of the operational amplifier U1, and a second terminal is connected with an output terminal of the first analog switch U2; the positive input end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with the reference voltage V3, and the output end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with the second terminal of the fourth resistor R4; a first terminal of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the gate of the transistor 101; the drain of the transistor 101 is connected with a first terminal of the laser D1; a second terminal of laser D1 is connected to signal ground; the first control terminal of the pulse phase shift circuit 301 is externally connected with a PWM control signal, the second control terminal is connected with the reference voltage setting circuit 103, and the output terminal is connected with the positive input terminal of the operational amplifier U1.
The connection terminals of the pulse phase shift circuit 301 include a first input control terminal, a second input control terminal, and an output terminal; the pulse phase-shift circuit 301 comprises a second analog switch U3 and a phase-shift circuit, and mainly functions to control an output terminal to output a phase-shift pulse voltage through a PWM signal of a first input control terminal of the pulse phase-shift circuit 301, and provide the phase-shift pulse voltage to a positive input end of an operational amplifier U1; the first input terminal of the second analog switch U3 is connected with the reference voltage DA2, the second input terminal of the second analog switch U3 is connected with the control terminal of the pulse phase-shifting circuit 301, and the output terminal is connected with the input terminal of the phase-shifting circuit; the output terminal of the phase shift circuit is connected to the output terminal of the pulse phase shift circuit 301.
The phase shift circuit in the pulse phase shift circuit 301 described above mainly functions to implement the function of phase-shifting an input signal and outputting the input signal through an external control signal DA3, where DA3 is generally a voltage signal, which may be an adjusted direct-current voltage, or a sine or cosine signal with a changed phase; one implementation mode of the phase-shifting circuit is a voltage-regulated phase-shifting circuit, and at the moment, the phase-shifting value of an output signal is changed according to the voltage value of a control signal DA3 to realize the phase-shifting function of the signal; another implementation manner of the phase shift circuit is to use an analog multiplier circuit, where DA3 should be a sine or cosine signal with a varying phase, and the phase shift function of the output signal is implemented by changing the phase angle of the sine or cosine signal.
Preferably, the reference voltage setting circuit 103 is provided, an output voltage of the reference voltage setting circuit 103 is connected to the positive input terminal of the pulse phase shift circuit 301, the output voltage is obtained by dividing the voltage by a seventh resistor R7 and an eighth resistor R8, a first terminal of the seventh resistor R7 is connected to the reference voltage Vc, a second terminal of the seventh resistor R3526 is connected to a first terminal of the eighth resistor R8 and is also connected to the positive input terminal of the operational amplifier U1, and a second terminal of the eighth resistor R8 is connected to the signal ground.
A current parallel negative feedback circuit is formed by a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, an operational amplifier U1, a transistor M1 and a laser D1; the first resistor R1 is also called a sampling resistor, and the current I1 flowing through the laser D1 can be calculated by the current on the first resistor R1.
The first terminal of the first analog switch U2 is an input signal terminal and is connected with signal ground; the second terminal is an input signal terminal and is connected with a voltage signal DA 1; the third terminal is a selection control terminal and is connected with a PWM signal, and the PWM signal can be set to be a constant voltage signal or a narrow pulse width signal; the output signal of the first analog switch U2 is a signal that is PWM signal modulated by the select control terminal and varies in magnitude between a 0V voltage (i.e., signal ground) and the magnitude of the voltage signal DA 1.
Preferably, the transistor 101 may be a P-channel MOS transistor, or a PNP transistor, or a darlington transistor including a PNP transistor.
Preferably, the narrow-pulse-width high-power laser constant-current driving circuit further comprises a signal adjusting circuit 102 connected in parallel between the output end of the operational amplifier U1 and the negative input end of the operational amplifier U1, and the signal adjusting circuit 102 comprises a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6 and a first capacitor C1; the sixth resistor R6 and the first capacitor C1 are connected in series and then are connected between the negative input end and the output end of the operational amplifier U1; the fifth resistor R5 is directly connected between the negative input terminal and the output terminal of the operational amplifier U1.
The signal adjusting circuit 102 compensates for a deep negative feedback circuit formed by the operational amplifier U1, the fifth resistor R5 and the third resistor R3 form a proportional amplifying circuit, the sixth resistor R6, the first capacitor C1 and the third resistor R3 form an integrating circuit, and the signal adjusting circuit plays a role in adjusting a signal of the deep negative feedback circuit.
Fig. 5 is a waveform diagram of the operation of a fourth circuit of the constant current driving circuit of the narrow pulse width high power laser according to the embodiment of the present invention. The implementation method of the scheme for realizing the narrow pulse width by phase shifting is shown in fig. 5, which shows a PWM waveform, a waveform of a voltage V2 signal, a waveform of a voltage V3 signal, and a waveform of an output current I1, wherein a Vd signal in the waveform of the voltage V3 is a Vd signal obtained by dividing the Vd signal by R7 and R8. From the phase shift angle Δ T of the voltage V2 waveform and the voltage V3 waveform, the theoretical pulse width of the corresponding pulse current can be calculated, and the output pulse current amplitude can be calculated according to formula 1. It should be noted that in fig. 5, the voltage V2 signal corresponds to a change in amplitude from 0V to the voltage DA1, and the voltage V3 signal corresponds to a change in voltage from the Vd divided voltage signal to the voltage DA2 signal, which is a non-return-to-zero signal.
For the pulse phase shift circuit 301, the input signal is selected to be DA2 or the output voltage of the reference voltage setting circuit 103 through the second analog switch U3, so that the output voltage of the second analog switch U3 is a non-return-to-zero pulse waveform and is transmitted to the input end of the phase shift circuit; the phase-shift circuit controls the phase-shift angle of the phase-shift circuit through an input voltage signal DA3, so that the output non-return-to-zero pulse waveform is shifted and then output to the positive input end of the operational amplifier U1; at this time, the positive input end of the operational amplifier U1 and the negative input end of the operational amplifier U1 are both pulse signals, and because of the pulse phase shift circuit, a certain phase difference exists between the two pulse waveforms, and the magnitude of the phase difference corresponds to the pulse width of the output pulse current I1; at this time, the magnitude of the pulse current is calculated according to formula 1 by the voltage signal V1, the voltage signal V2, the voltage signal V3, and the resistances of the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2, and the third resistor R3.
Fig. 9 is a transient simulation waveform diagram of a fourth circuit of the constant current driving circuit of the narrow pulse width high power laser according to the embodiment of the present invention. Illustratively, with the narrow pulse width high power laser constant current driving circuit of fig. 4, the circuit parameters are configured as follows: the first resistor R1 is 1 omega, the second resistor R2 is 2k omega, the third resistor R3 is 1k omega, the fourth resistor R4 is 5 omega, U1 is a chip OP284E, and M1 is a PMOS tube IRF 7410; setting a value of a fifth resistor R5 in the signal adjusting circuit 102 to be 200k, a value of a sixth resistor R6 to be 5 omega, and a value of a first capacitor C1 to be 200 nF; setting the period 100us of the V2 signal, the pulse width 50us, setting the period 100us of the V3 signal, the pulse width 50us, and setting the relative delay time to 5us, the circuit is simulated, and the output waveform diagram of the simulation is shown in FIG. 9, which shows the voltage V2 signal, the voltage V3 signal, and the value of the current flowing through the laser I (D1). As can be seen from the simulated waveform of fig. 9, the pulse current I (D1) output to the laser was 6.0A, the pulse peak was 6.47A, the pulse width was 4.4us, and the output current value I (D1) conformed to the theoretical design.
In addition, if a constant current output with a narrower pulse width is to be realized, the selection type operational amplifier U1 may be an ultra-high speed operational amplifier, the selection type transistor M1 may be a radio frequency transistor, and the selection type first analog switch and the selection type second analog switch may be analog switches with higher speed, so as to achieve the capability of outputting a signal with a narrower pulse width.
Here, a pulse phase shift circuit is used to shift the phase of a reference voltage signal by an external voltage control signal and to perform phase comparison with the original signal, thereby realizing current output with a narrow pulse width.
For example, in a narrow pulse width laser driving circuit, since the minimum pulse width of a digital signal in a digital circuit is larger than the minimum clock period of its CPU, and the width and amplitude of a very small pulse width are not easily adjusted by the digital circuit; the invention adopts the pulse phase-shifting circuit, the phase-shifting angle is controlled by external voltage, thus the width adjustment of narrow pulse width can be realized, and the amplitude of the current can be set according to the formula 1, thus the effect of narrow pulse width and the effect of adjustable pulse amplitude are realized.
Example 6:
the embodiment of the invention also provides an optical module, which comprises a circuit board, wherein the laser driving circuit is configured in the circuit board.
The above examples are all based on several detailed specific applications of the circuit of the present invention in laser driving, and after understanding the present invention, a person skilled in the art can make appropriate modifications to the detailed circuit parameters based on the circuit, and the application range can be extended to drive any load with constant current characteristics, such as a resistor, an LED light source, and the like, which are all within the protection range of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described with reference to a few embodiments, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but rather, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A constant current driving circuit of a narrow pulse width high power laser is characterized by comprising: the laser comprises a first resistor, a transistor, an operational amplifier, a first analog switch, a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor and a laser;
the first resistor includes: a current sampling resistor;
a first resistor having a first terminal connected to a power supply terminal and a second terminal connected to a source of the transistor;
the first terminal of the second resistor is connected with the source electrode of the transistor, and the second terminal of the second resistor is connected with the negative input end of the operational amplifier;
the first terminal of the third resistor is connected with the negative input end of the operational amplifier, and the second terminal of the third resistor is connected with the output terminal of the first analog switch;
the first terminal of the fourth resistor is connected with the grid electrode of the transistor;
the drain electrode of the transistor is connected with the first terminal of the laser;
the second terminal of the laser is connected with a signal ground;
the operational amplifier has a positive input connected to a reference voltage, an output connected to the second terminal of the fourth resistor,
the first resistor, the second resistor, the third resistor, the fourth resistor, the operational amplifier, the transistor and the laser form a current parallel negative feedback circuit; the current through the laser is calculated from the current on the first resistor.
2. The narrow pulse width high power laser constant current drive circuit according to claim 1, wherein,
the first terminal of the first analog switch is an input signal terminal and is connected with a signal ground;
the second terminal of the first analog switch is an input signal terminal and is connected with a voltage signal DA 1;
the third terminal of the first analog switch is a selection control terminal and is connected with a PWM signal;
the PWM signal is set as a constant voltage signal or a narrow pulse width voltage signal;
the output signal of the first analog switch is a signal which is subjected to PWM signal modulation output by the selection control terminal, and the amplitude of the signal is changed between 0V voltage and the amplitude of the voltage signal DA 1.
3. The narrow-pulse-width high-power laser constant-current drive circuit according to claim 1, wherein the transistor is: PMOS transistor, PNP transistor or Darlington transistor containing PNP transistor.
4. The constant current driving circuit for the narrow-pulse-width high-power laser as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a signal adjusting circuit connected in parallel between the output terminal of the operational amplifier and the negative input terminal of the operational amplifier;
the signal conditioning circuit includes: a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor and a first capacitor;
the sixth resistor is connected in series with the first capacitor and then connected between the negative input end and the output end of the operational amplifier in parallel;
the fifth resistor is directly connected between the negative input end and the output end of the operational amplifier.
5. The constant current driving circuit for the narrow-pulse-width high-power laser as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the constant current driving circuit for the narrow-pulse-width high-power laser further comprises a pulse shaping circuit;
the pulse shaping circuit includes: a ninth resistor, a tenth resistor, an eleventh resistor, a second capacitor and a second diode;
a first terminal of the ninth resistor is connected with an output end of the first analog switch;
a second terminal of the ninth resistor is connected to a first terminal of the tenth resistor;
a first terminal of the second capacitor is connected with a second terminal of the ninth resistor;
a second terminal of the second capacitor is connected to a first terminal of the eleventh resistor;
an anode of the second diode is connected to a first terminal of the eleventh resistor;
the cathode of the second diode is connected with the positive input end of the operational amplifier;
a second terminal of the tenth resistor and a second terminal of the eleventh resistor are connected to signal ground.
6. The constant-current driving circuit for the narrow-pulse-width high-power laser as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the current I1 flowing through the laser is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein, R1 is a resistance value of the first resistor, R2 is a resistance value of the second resistor, R3 is a resistance value of the third resistor, V1 is a voltage provided to the first terminal of the first resistor, V2 is an output terminal voltage of the first analog switch, and V3 is a reference voltage provided to the positive input terminal of the operational amplifier.
7. A narrow pulse width high power laser driver circuit, comprising: the laser comprises a first resistor, a transistor, an operational amplifier, a first analog switch, a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a laser, a reference voltage setting circuit and a pulse phase-shifting circuit;
the first resistor is a current sampling resistor, a first terminal of the first resistor is connected with a power supply terminal, and a second terminal of the first resistor is connected with a source electrode of the transistor;
a first terminal of the second resistor is connected with the source electrode of the transistor, and a second terminal of the second resistor is connected with the negative input end of the operational amplifier;
a first terminal of the third resistor is connected with a negative input end of the operational amplifier, and a second terminal of the third resistor is connected with an output terminal of the first analog switch;
the positive input end of the operational amplifier is connected with a reference voltage V3, and the output end of the operational amplifier is connected with the second terminal of the fourth resistor;
a first terminal of the fourth resistor is connected with a grid electrode of the transistor; the drain electrode of the transistor is connected with the first terminal of the laser;
a second terminal of the laser is connected to a signal ground;
the control first terminal of the pulse phase-shift circuit is externally connected with a PWM control signal, the control second terminal of the pulse phase-shift circuit is connected with the reference voltage setting circuit, and the output terminal of the pulse phase-shift circuit is connected with the positive input end of the operational amplifier.
8. The narrow pulse width high power laser driver circuit of claim 7,
the connection terminal of the pulse phase shift circuit includes: an input control first terminal, an input control second terminal, and an output terminal;
the pulse phase shift circuit further comprises: the pulse phase-shifting circuit is used for controlling the output terminal to output phase-shifting pulse voltage through inputting a PWM signal for controlling the first terminal and providing the phase-shifting pulse voltage to the positive input end of the operational amplifier;
an input first terminal of the second analog switch is connected with a reference voltage DA2, and an input second terminal of the second analog switch is connected with a control terminal of the pulse phase-shifting circuit;
the output terminal of the second analog switch is connected with the input terminal of the phase-shifting circuit;
and the output terminal of the phase shift circuit is connected with the output terminal of the pulse phase shift circuit.
9. The narrow pulse width high power laser driver circuit of claim 7, wherein:
the constant current driving circuit of the narrow-pulse-width high-power laser further comprises: the signal adjusting circuit is connected between the output end of the operational amplifier and the negative input end of the operational amplifier in parallel;
the signal conditioning circuit, further comprising: a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor and a first capacitor;
the sixth resistor and the first capacitor are connected in series and then connected between the negative input end and the output end of the operational amplifier;
the fifth resistor is directly connected between the negative input end and the output end of the operational amplifier.
10. An optical module comprising a circuit board having a laser driver circuit disposed therein, wherein the laser driver circuit is the driver circuit of any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN104734001A (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2015-06-24 | 中国科学院微电子研究所 | Narrow pulse driving circuit |
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