CN113258299A - Single layer encoded super surface for full space electromagnetic holographic imaging - Google Patents
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 title claims description 24
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000001093 holography Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
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Abstract
A super surface of single-deck code for full space electromagnetism holographic imaging relates to the super surface technical field of code. The invention aims to solve the problems that the super-surface holographic structure realized by the traditional multilayer medium cascade structure has large volume and is not beneficial to being integrated with a modern electromagnetic device or system. The coding unit comprises an upper metal layer and a lower metal layer, wherein the upper metal layer comprises a II-shaped first metal sheet and a second metal sheet formed by arranging two rectangular rings in parallel, the first metal sheet and the second metal sheet are overlapped and are in a cross-shaped structure, one edge of the second metal sheet is parallel to one edge of the dielectric layer, the lower metal layer can completely cover the lower surface of the dielectric layer, a hollowed-out structure which is completely the same as the second metal sheet in shape is arranged on the lower metal layer, the hollowed-out structure is in mirror symmetry with the second metal sheet, and the geometric centers of the upper metal layer, the lower metal layer and the dielectric layer are overlapped.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coded super-surfaces.
Background
The holographic imaging technology is a technology for reconstructing an image of an object by recording amplitude and phase information of light or electromagnetic waves, and this technology has been applied to various fields such as three-dimensional imaging, data storage, and the like. However, the arbitrary regulation and control of the amplitude and the phase of the electromagnetic wave is a significant factor for restricting the further development of the holographic technology. The electromagnetic super-surface based on the artificial microstructure is emphasized by researchers in the fields of electromagnetism, physics, materials and the like because the electromagnetic super-surface can show the electromagnetic or optical characteristics (such as negative refraction) which are not possessed by the traditional natural materials and the singular characteristics of randomly regulating and controlling the parameters of electromagnetic waves. Especially, the super-surface holography can arbitrarily regulate and control the electromagnetic wave front, and has the advantages of high resolution, better imaging quality and the like compared with the traditional holography technology, so the super-surface holography becomes one of the most promising technologies of the holography imaging.
In the past few years, technologies such as high-efficiency super-surface holography, two-dimensional holography, three-dimensional holography, multi-color super-surface holography and various multiplexing super-surface holography have been developed vigorously. However, most of the current super-surface holographic imaging is usually realized in half of the imaging space (transmission space or reflection space), and the other half of the imaging space is not utilized, which causes the waste of electromagnetic wave resources, and the viewing angle of the super-surface holographic is limited to the half-space imaging. Thus limiting further applications of the super-surface.
In 2020, the professor of the treble iron force of the university of southeast university provides a full-space reconfigurable coding super-surface hologram, a coding unit of which consists of four layers of metal and five layers of dielectric substrates, and the coding super-surface can realize the reconstruction of the letters 'X' and 'Y' of an electromagnetic image in the full space under the excitation of X-polarized electromagnetic waves and Y-polarized electromagnetic waves. In the same year, a single-layer transmission type coding super-surface hologram is designed by a Zhanghai professor research team of the university of the Harbin industry, the super surface of the single-layer transmission type coding super-surface hologram only consists of a layer of medium and annular aperture metal embedded on a medium substrate, two different electromagnetic images of a square shape and a diamond shape can be reconstructed in a transmission space at 15GHz, but holographic imaging of the transmission space can be realized only, and full-space holographic imaging cannot be realized. Although there are currently reports of full-space and single-layer half-space super-surface holograms, there is little research in implementing different holographic imaging in both transmission and reflection spaces with only a single layer encoded super-surface. Moreover, the super-surface holography realized by the multilayer medium cascade structure not only has large volume, high cost and difficult processing, but also is not beneficial to the integration with modern electromagnetic devices and systems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a single-layer coding super surface for full-space electromagnetic holographic imaging, aiming at solving the problems that the super surface holographic realized by the traditional multilayer medium cascade structure has large volume and is not beneficial to being integrated with a modern electromagnetic device or system.
A single-layer coding super surface for full-space electromagnetic holographic imaging, includes a plurality of super surface units that are arranged in an array, and each super surface unit all includes: coding unit and rectangular dielectric layer, coding unit is including the last metal level that is located the dielectric layer upper surface and the lower metal level that is located the dielectric layer lower surface, it includes the first sheetmetal of "II" font and the second sheetmetal that two rectangle rings were arranged side by side and are formed, two rectangle rings set up side by side and two adjacent limits overlap, first sheetmetal and second sheetmetal overlap and set up, and be "ten" font structure, a limit of second sheetmetal is parallel to each other with a limit of dielectric layer, the sheetmetal of lower metal for can covering the dielectric layer lower surface completely, it has rectangular hollow out construction to open on this sheetmetal, two relative limit mid points of this hollow out construction communicate through the strip gap, hollow out construction and second sheetmetal mirror symmetry, go up the metal level, the geometric center overlap setting of lower metal level and dielectric layer.
The upper metal layer and the lower metal layer are made of copper and have conductivity of 5.8 × 107sm-1. The thickness of the upper metal layer and the lower metal layer is 0.018 mm.
The width of the edge of the rectangular ring and the width of the strip-shaped gap of the hollow structure are both 0.5 mm.
The dielectric layer had a relative dielectric constant of 3.5 and a loss tangent of 0.001. The thickness of the dielectric layer is 2 mm. The surface of the dielectric layer is square, and the side length of the square is 10 mm.
The length of the two opposite sides of the hollow structure and the length of the two opposite sides of the second metal sheet are adjusted under the excitation condition of the vertically incident x-polarized electromagnetic wave, so that the single-layer coded super surface can realize amplitude modulation in a frequency band of 9.75 GHz-10.5 GHz, the adjusted sides of the hollow structure and the second metal sheet are perpendicular to each other, and the sides of the hollow structure and the strip-shaped gaps are perpendicular to each other.
The length of the first metal sheet is adjusted under the excitation condition of the vertically incident y-polarized electromagnetic wave, so that the single-layer coded super surface can realize 180-degree phase difference in a frequency band of 9.75 GHz-10.5 GHz, and the reflection coefficient is greater than 0.7 in a working frequency band.
The two rectangular rings are of an integrated structure, and the first metal sheet and the second metal sheet are of an integrated structure.
The single-layer coding super surface for the full-space electromagnetic holographic imaging realizes the electromagnetic reconstruction of two different images in the same coding super surface, overcomes the problem that the traditional coding super surface is not easy to integrate with the existing equipment due to large volume, and can meet the development requirements of modern electronic systems on miniaturization, low profile, high integration level and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional perspective view of a super-surface unit;
FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a bottom view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 shows a super surface unit2And m1Amplitude phase curve graph when changing;
FIG. 5 is a plot of amplitude versus phase for a change in l in a super-surface unit;
FIG. 6 is a simulated image of an encoded super-surface hologram when excited by an x-polarized wave;
FIG. 7 is a simulated image of an encoded super-surface hologram when excited by a y-polarized wave;
FIG. 8 is a test pattern of an encoded super-surface hologram when excited by an x-polarized wave;
FIG. 9 is a test image of an encoded super-surface hologram when excited by a y-polarized wave.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment is specifically described with reference to fig. 1 to 3, and the single-layer encoded super surface for full-space electromagnetic holographic imaging in the present embodiment includes a plurality of super surface units arranged in an array, each of the super surface units includes: coding unit and rectangular medium layer 2, the relative dielectric constant of the medium layer 2 is 3.5, and the loss tangent is0.001. In this embodiment, the surface of the dielectric layer 2 is square, and the side length P of the square isx＝Py10 mm. The thickness of the dielectric layer 2 is 2 mm. The coding unit comprises an upper metal layer 1 positioned on the upper surface of a dielectric layer 2 and a lower metal layer 3 positioned on the lower surface of the dielectric layer 2.
The upper metal layer 1 comprises a first metal sheet in a shape of II and a second metal sheet formed by arranging two rectangular rings in parallel.
Specifically, the first metal sheet in the shape of the 'ii' comprises two long metal strips and two short metal strips, the widths of the long metal strips and the short metal strips are both 0.5mm, and the two long metal strips are arranged in parallel and have a distance w between the two long metal strips which is 0.5 mm. The two short metal strips are respectively positioned at two ends of the long metal strip and are vertically connected with the long metal strip (the short metal strip is centered). The two long metal strips and the two short metal strips are of an integrated structure. The length of the long metal strip is recorded as l, and the length of the short metal strip is recorded as l1。
Two rectangular rings are arranged in parallel, and two adjacent edges are overlapped, so that the two rectangular rings are of an integrated structure. The edge width of the rectangular ring is 0.5 mm.
The first metal sheet and the second metal sheet are overlapped and are in an integral cross-shaped structure, and one edge of the second metal sheet is parallel to one edge of the dielectric layer 2. The length of the side perpendicular to the long metal strip in the rectangular ring is marked as l2。
The geometric centers of the upper metal layer 1, the lower metal layer 3 and the dielectric layer 2 are overlapped. The upper metal layer 1 and the lower metal layer 3 are made of copper and have conductivity of 5.8 × 107sm-1. Upper metal layer1 and the lower metal layer 3 are both 0.018mm thick.
When the strip-shaped gaps are arranged in the horizontal direction, the specific response of the embodiment is as follows:
under the excitation condition of the vertically incident x-polarized electromagnetic wave, adjusting l2And m1The amplitude and phase responses are shown in fig. 4, where open triangles and filled circles represent the amplitude modulation and open rectangles and filled pentagons represent the phase changes. It can be seen from the figure that2The values are 3.5mm and 7.2mm, respectively, and m15.3mm and 2mm respectively, the super-surface unit can realize amplitude modulation of 0.14 to 0.9 in a transmission working mode in a frequency band of 9.75GHz to 10.5GHz, and meanwhile, the transmission phase is almost unchanged in the whole working frequency band. Specifically, when l2＝3.5mm，m1When the transmission amplitude of the coding unit in the working frequency band is larger than 0.8 mm, the coding unit is coded into a digital code element 1; when l is2＝7.2mm，m1At 2mm, the transmission amplitude of the coding unit in the operating band is less than 0.2, at which time the unit is coded as a digital symbol "0".
Under the excitation condition of the y-polarized electromagnetic wave with vertical incidence, the phase and amplitude response are adjusted as shown in the attached figure 5, wherein the open triangle and the solid circle represent the amplitude, and the open rectangle and the solid pentagram represent the phase. It can be known from the figure that when the value of l is 4.5mm and 8.7mm respectively, the super-surface unit can realize 180 ° phase difference in the 9.75 GHz-10.5 GHz band in the reflection working mode, and the reflection coefficient is greater than 0.7 in the working band. Therefore, the coding unit when l ═ 8.7mm is coded as a digital symbol "0"; the coding unit when l is 4.5mm is coded as a digital symbol "1".
And combining the coding units which simultaneously meet the excitation conditions of the x-polarized electromagnetic waves and the y-polarized electromagnetic waves into the same super surface, and arranging the coding units according to image amplitude coding or phase coding to form a coded super surface, thereby realizing holographic imaging. The simulation results are shown in fig. 6 and 7, and the test results are shown in fig. 8 and 9, and it can be seen from fig. 6 and 8 that the letter "F" is clearly reconstructed in the near field region. Fig. 7 and 9 realize the reconstruction of another letter "H", and the test result is well matched with the simulation result, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed coded super-surface for realizing full-space holographic imaging.
Finally, the super-surface unit can realize the regulation and control of the electromagnetic wave in the whole space in the frequency band of 9.75 GHz-10.5 GHz. The degree of freedom of polarization and working modes (transmission mode/reflection mode) is utilized, and the transmission phase principle is combined to realize independent control of the amplitude of the transmission electromagnetic wave and the phase of the reflection electromagnetic wave, and the two working modes are not interfered with each other and have better isolation.
The implementation mode can realize the control of the full-space electromagnetic wave by amplitude coding and phase coding under the excitation of x and y linearly polarized electromagnetic waves. The proposed coded super-surface can work in a reflection mode when excited by y polarized waves, and phase coded super-surface holography is realized by regulating and controlling the arm length of a top-layer cross patch of the super-surface along the y direction; and meanwhile, the super-surface holography device works in a transmission mode when the X-polarized wave is excited, and amplitude coding super-surface holography is realized by changing the size of the bottom gap of the super-surface along the y direction and the size of the top cross patch along the x direction. The invention realizes the electromagnetic reconstruction of two different images in the same coding super surface, and solves the technical bottleneck that the full-space super surface is realized by a multilayer cascade structure, has large volume, high cost and difficult processing, and is not beneficial to the integration with modern electromagnetic devices and systems. The full-space coding super-surface provided by the embodiment has good application prospects in the fields of beam control, beam forming, holographic imaging and the like.
Claims (10)
1. A single-layer coding super surface for full-space electromagnetic holographic imaging, includes a plurality of super surface units that are arranged in an array, and each super surface unit all includes: coding units and a rectangular medium layer (2),
it is characterized in that the coding unit comprises an upper metal layer (1) positioned on the upper surface of the dielectric layer (2) and a lower metal layer (3) positioned on the lower surface of the dielectric layer (2),
the upper metal layer (1) comprises a first metal sheet in a shape like a Chinese character 'II' and a second metal sheet formed by two rectangular rings which are arranged in parallel, the two rectangular rings are arranged in parallel, two adjacent edges of the two rectangular rings are overlapped, the first metal sheet and the second metal sheet are overlapped and are in a cross-shaped structure, one edge of the second metal sheet is parallel to one edge of the dielectric layer (2),
the lower metal layer (3) is a metal sheet capable of completely covering the lower surface of the dielectric layer (2), a rectangular hollow structure is arranged on the metal sheet, the two opposite edges of the hollow structure are communicated through a strip-shaped gap, the hollow structure is in mirror symmetry with the second metal sheet,
the geometric centers of the upper metal layer (1), the lower metal layer (3) and the dielectric layer (2) are overlapped.
2. Single layer encoded super surface for full space electromagnetic holographic imaging according to claim 1, characterized in that the material of the upper metal layer (1) and the lower metal layer (3) is copper and the conductivity is 5.8 x 107sm-1。
3. A single layer encoded super surface for full space electromagnetic holographic imaging according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the upper metal layer (1) and the lower metal layer (3) are each 0.018mm thick.
4. The single layer encoded super surface for full-space electromagnetic holographic imaging of claim 3, wherein the width of the sides of the rectangular ring and the width of the strip-shaped slits of the hollowed-out structure are both 0.5 mm.
5. The single layer encoded metasurface for full-space electromagnetic holographic imaging according to claim 1, wherein the dielectric layer (2) has a relative dielectric constant of 3.5 and a loss tangent of 0.001.
6. Single layer encoded super surface for full-space electromagnetic holographic imaging according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that the thickness of the dielectric layer (2) is 2 mm.
7. Single layer encoded super surface for full-space electromagnetic holographic imaging according to claim 6, characterized in that the surface of the medium layer (2) is square with a side length of 10 mm.
8. The single layer encoded super surface for full-space electromagnetic holographic imaging of claim 1,
under the excitation condition of the vertically incident x-polarized electromagnetic wave, the lengths of the two opposite sides of the hollow structure and the two opposite sides of the second metal sheet are adjusted, so that the single-layer coding super surface can realize amplitude modulation in a frequency band of 9.75 GHz-10.5 GHz,
the edge of the hollow structure which can be adjusted is perpendicular to the edge of the second metal sheet, and the edge of the hollow structure is perpendicular to the strip-shaped gap.
9. The single layer encoded super surface for full-space electromagnetic holographic imaging of claim 1,
under the excitation condition of the vertically incident y-polarized electromagnetic wave, the length of the first metal sheet is adjusted, so that the single-layer coded super surface can realize 180-degree phase difference in a frequency band of 9.75 GHz-10.5 GHz, and the reflection coefficient is greater than 0.7 in a working frequency band.
10. A single layer encoded super surface for full space electromagnetic holographic imaging according to claim 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8 or 9, characterized in that two rectangular rings are in one piece structure, the first and second metal sheets being in one piece structure.
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| CN114284741A (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2022-04-05 | 重庆邮电大学 | Polarization multiplexing single-layer huygens super-surface unit |
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