CN109799551B - Fully-polarized and ultra-wideband electromagnetic wave angle selection transparent structure - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fully-polarized and ultra-wideband electromagnetic wave angle selection transparent structure. The electromagnetic wave energy-saving device is mainly formed by closely arraying n periodic flat plate structures with different periods on the surface, each periodic flat plate structure is mainly formed by closely and alternately laminating two materials, namely a flat medium and an equivalent electromagnetic medium, the equivalent electromagnetic medium is arranged at both ends after lamination, and the alternately laminated periods are as follows; the thicknesses of the flat plate medium and the equivalent electromagnetic medium in each periodic flat plate structure are the same, the working frequency of the periodic flat plate structure is set through setting the thicknesses of different periodic flat plate structures, and the periodic flat plate structures are set to be different from each other to form different working frequency distribution on the surface so as to realize the angle selection of the transparent surface. The invention breaks through the bottleneck of the existing research, expands the traditional design which only can realize TM polarization angle selection transparency to TE polarization and arbitrary polarization, and promotes the practical engineering application of the electromagnetic wave angle selection transparent structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the selection of a space angle of electromagnetic waves, in particular to an angle selection transparent structure of ultra-wideband electromagnetic waves with arbitrary polarization.
Background
A planar electromagnetic wave of a single frequency has three fundamental properties: the frequency, the polarization direction and the propagation direction, and selecting the electromagnetic wave according to the three properties is the most basic requirement for controlling the electromagnetic wave. Over the past several decades, the frequency selection and polarization selection related devices and structural studies of electromagnetic waves have undergone great development, in contrast, the directional or angle selection development of electromagnetic waves is much lagged behind.
The development of modern technology has led more scientists to pay attention to the angle selection of electromagnetic waves with wavelength or even with sub-wavelength scale, and in the narrow band range, the angle selection of electromagnetic waves can be realized by artificial electromagnetic materials or photonic crystals, but for the angle selection system in practical application, a relatively wide working band is often required.
At present, the research group of the Massachusetts' institute of technology and technology utilizes the Brewster perfect matching transmission characteristic of TM polarized waves on the junction surface of two natural media to realize the broadband angle selection structure of electromagnetic waves. The basic principle is that the arrangement period of the photonic crystal is adjusted, so that the forbidden band of the photonic crystal can cover the whole visible light frequency band. When TM polarized wave is incident on the structure, except that the light energy incident at the Brewster angle is perfectly matched and transmitted, the light rays incident at other angles are totally reflected due to the forbidden band characteristic of the photonic crystal, and therefore the angle selection of the ultra-wideband is achieved. This design cannot work in an air background because the brewster angle is too large for the two natural materials that make up the photonic crystal. Although the research group has realized a broadband angle selection structure in the air background by designing a pyramid-shaped matching structure, the designs all utilize the brewster effect of natural materials and can only work on TM polarized waves.
In summary, the technical bottleneck of these angle selection structures that have been proposed so far is limited to a single TM polarization, and no ultra-wideband angle selection for TE polarization has emerged. This limitation arises because of the Brewster's total transmission effect, which is the absence of TE polarization in the natural medium. Furthermore, even if a material having both TE and TM polarization brewster total transmission effects can be found in nature, it is difficult to ensure that the brewster angle for TM polarization and the brewster angle for TE polarization are equal.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the background art, the invention aims to construct a fully-polarized and ultra-wideband electromagnetic wave angle selection transparent structure and promote the practical engineering application of the electromagnetic wave angle selection transparent structure.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the invention mainly comprises n periodic flat plate structures with different periods m, which are closely arrayed on a plane where the surface is located, so that an angle selection transparent surface is formed, each periodic flat plate structure is mainly formed by closely and alternately laminating two materials, namely a flat plate medium A and an equivalent electromagnetic medium B, the two ends of the laminated periodic flat plate structure are both the equivalent electromagnetic medium B, the alternately laminated periods are m, namely the number of the flat plate mediums A is m; for each ith periodic flat plate structure, the single-layer thicknesses of the flat plate medium A and the equivalent electromagnetic medium B are the same, and the thicknesses are Ti(ii) a By setting different respective thicknesses T of periodic plate structure1、T2、…TnSetting the operating frequency f, T of a periodic plate structureiIs equal to1/4 with working frequency f corresponding to wavelength, and setting thickness T of each periodic flat plate structure1、T2、…TnDifferent working frequency distributions are formed on the surfaces which are different from each other so as to realize angle selection transparent surfaces, and thickness arrays which are close to each other and sequentially increase are selected so as to realize angle selection transparency of the broadband.
Respective thicknesses T of different periodic plate structures1、T2、…TnThe working frequency f of the transparent structure is selected according to the corresponding angle to satisfy TiEqual to 1/4 wavelengths corresponding to the operating frequency.
The plate medium A is low-dielectric constant and low-loss medium, such as Teflon, polysulfone, polytetrafluoroethylene, etc., and has a relative dielectric constant epsilonA1-10, magnetic permeability muA＝1。
The equivalent electromagnetic medium B is mainly formed by a plurality of layers of metal ring sheet-shaped structures in a stacked arrangement mode, each metal ring sheet-shaped structure comprises a medium plate and seven circular metal sheets arranged in the middle of the medium plate, six circular metal sheets surround a hexagon, the six circular metal sheets are positioned on the hexagon of the hexagon, and the other circular metal sheet is positioned in the center of the hexagon; the equivalent electromagnetic medium B is an artificially constructed artificial material with electricity and magnetism of all anisotropies, and the electromagnetic parameters of the equivalent electromagnetic medium B after the optimization design meet the following requirements: dielectric constant of diag (ε)A,εA,εB)，εA,εA,εBThe dielectric constants in the x, y and z directions are shown, respectively, and the relative permeability is diag (1,1, μB)，μBRespectively, the relative permeability in the z direction; satisfies epsilonB≠εA，μB<1。
The x direction is the direction of one side of the laminated superposed surface of the flat medium A and the equivalent electromagnetic medium B, and the y direction is the direction of the other side of the laminated superposed surface of the flat medium A and the equivalent electromagnetic medium B, is vertical to the x direction and is actually the direction of the other side; the x-direction and the x-direction are substantially two perpendicular directions on the lamination overlapping surface of the flat plate medium a and the equivalent electromagnetic medium B. The z direction is a direction perpendicular to the lamination overlapping surface of the flat medium A and the equivalent electromagnetic medium B, and is perpendicular to the x direction and the y direction.
The metal may be copper.
The dielectric plate is a low-dielectric-constant and low-loss dielectric, such as Teflon, polysulfone, polytetrafluoroethylene, etc., and has a relative dielectric constant epsilonA1-10, magnetic permeability muA＝1。
The number n of the periodic flat plate structures is at least 6, and is determined by the required working bandwidth, and the wider the required working bandwidth is, the larger the number n of the periodic flat plate structures is.
In each periodic flat plate structure, the number m of the periods of the flat plate medium A and the equivalent electromagnetic medium B is at least 4, and is determined by the width of a required selection angle, and the smaller the width of the selection angle is, the larger the number m of the periods is.
Under the condition of vertical incidence of electromagnetic waves, the flat medium A and the equivalent electromagnetic medium B have the same tangential electromagnetic parameters, so that the electromagnetic waves can be perfectly matched and transmitted in the structure; when the incident angle is increased, because the longitudinal electromagnetic parameters of A, B two media are different, the electromagnetic wave can be totally reflected due to the one-dimensional photonic crystal forbidden band effect formed by the periodic structure; the angle selection characteristic of a narrow band is correspondingly realized by each periodic flat plate structure, and other frequencies are perfectly matched and transmitted. The n periodic flat plate structures working at different frequencies are closely arranged and stacked, and the working frequency band can be expanded to any width.
The invention designs and realizes an ultra-wideband non-dispersive equivalent electromagnetic medium with anisotropic electricity and magnetism, and the medium has the Brewster total transmission effect of TE and TM polarization; the flat plate formed by the equivalent electromagnetic medium and another conventional medium flat plate are periodically arranged to form a one-dimensional photonic crystal, and the structure can realize narrow-band electromagnetic wave angle selection transparency in a corresponding frequency band; a plurality of one-dimensional photonic crystal structures with different periods are tightly stacked, and ultra-wide band angle selection transparency can be directly realized.
Compared with the background technology, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the ultra-wideband angle selection of TE polarization is realized to be transparent, and no report is made internationally.
(2) The invention combines TE and TM polarization, realizes the selection of ultra-wide angle of any polarization, and completely meets the requirements of practical engineering application.
The invention breaks through the bottleneck of the existing research, expands the traditional design which only can realize TM polarization angle selection transparency to TE polarization and arbitrary polarization, and promotes the practical engineering application of the electromagnetic wave angle selection transparent structure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall block diagram of the design of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an equivalent electromagnetic medium B in a design embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2(a) is a laminated structural view of an equivalent electromagnetic medium B in a design embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2(B) is a structural view of a metal ring sheet structure in an equivalent electromagnetic medium B in the design example of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the electromagnetic parameters of an equivalent magnetic medium B in an example embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3(a) is a diagram showing an electromagnetic parameter ε of an equivalent electromagnetic medium By，μx,μz(εy，μx,μzPermittivity in the y direction, permeability in the x direction, and permeability in the z direction, respectively, of the equivalent electromagnetic medium B);
FIG. 3(B) is a diagram showing the electromagnetic parameters μ of the equivalent electromagnetic medium By,εx,εz(μy,εx,εzRespectively the magnetic permeability of the equivalent electromagnetic medium B in the y direction, the dielectric constant in the x direction, and the dielectric constant in the z direction);
FIG. 4 is a diagram of narrow band angular selectivity characteristics simulation results for a single periodic slab structure in a design embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating simulation results of ultra-wideband angle selection characteristics of a plurality of periodic plate structures according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
The embodiment of the invention and the implementation process thereof are as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, n periodic slab structures with different periods m are closely arrayed on the surface to form an angle-selective transparent surface, and each periodic slab structure is a one-dimensional photonic crystal structure formed by closely and alternately laminating two materials, namely slab medium a and equivalent electromagnetic medium B; both ends of the laminated medium are equivalent electromagnetic media B, the number of the alternately laminated cycles is m, namely the number of the flat plate media A is m;
for each ith periodic flat plate structure, the thickness of the flat plate medium A and the equivalent electromagnetic medium B is the same, and the thickness is Ti(ii) a By setting different respective thicknesses T of periodic plate structure1、T2、…TnSetting the operating frequency f, T of a periodic plate structureiEqual to 1/4 wavelengths of the operating frequency f.
As shown in fig. 2, the equivalent electromagnetic medium B is mainly formed by stacking a plurality of metal ring sheet structures, each metal ring sheet structure includes a medium plate and seven circular metal sheets arranged in the middle of the medium plate, six circular metal sheets surround a hexagon, the six circular metal sheets are located on the hexagon, and the other circular metal sheet is located in the center of the hexagon; the equivalent electromagnetic medium B is an artificially constructed artificial material with electricity and magnetism of all anisotropies, and the electromagnetic parameters of the equivalent electromagnetic medium B after the optimization design meet the following requirements: dielectric constant of diag (ε)A,εA,εB) Relative magnetic permeability of diag (1,1, mu)B) (ii) a Satisfies epsilonB≠εA，μB<1。
Setting each period of the flat plate structure T1、T2、…TnDifferent working frequency distributions are formed on the surfaces of the periodic flat plate structures, so that the arrangement periods of the conventional medium A and the equivalent electromagnetic medium B in each periodic flat plate structure are different, the angle selection transparency characteristics of different frequency bands are correspondingly realized, and the angle selection transparency of the ultra-wideband can be realized by the transparent cascade connection of a plurality of narrow-band angle selection.
FIG. 2 shows a method for constructing an equivalent electromagnetic medium B in the present invention, wherein the anisotropic equivalent medium is formed by periodically arranging a plurality of metal rings to form a sheet structure, and periodically arranging the sheet structure in sub-wavelength. WhereinThe metal rings arranged periodically can induce current to the magnetic field perpendicular to the metal rings to obtain the reverse magnetic effect, so that the magnetic permeability mu in the normal direction is ensuredB<1. When the incident magnetic field is parallel to the metal ring, because no induced circulation current is generated, the magnetic permeability in the direction is not influenced, and the corresponding magnetic permeability is still 1. This produces a magnetic anisotropy equivalent electromagnetic material. Considering the electrical response of the structure, when the polarization direction of the electric field is parallel to the metal rings, the equivalent dielectric constant of the structure is increased, and when the polarization direction of the electric field is perpendicular to the metal rings, the dielectric constant in the direction is not greatly influenced because the metal rings are very thin, so that the electrical anisotropy characteristic is realized. The electromagnetic anisotropic material can perfectly match and transmit electromagnetic waves corresponding to a certain direction when the material is periodically arranged with another conventional medium A, and the electromagnetic waves in the other direction are totally reflected due to the forbidden band effect of a periodic structure, so that the angle selection is realized.
In the design example, the thicknesses of the equivalent electromagnetic media B are set to be 4mm, each equivalent electromagnetic medium B is composed of a 4-layer lamellar structure, and the distance between two adjacent layers is 0.9 mm; each sheet-shaped structure is formed by periodically arranging metal rings printed on a polytetrafluoroethylene medium with the thickness of 0.1mm, wherein the thickness of each metal ring is 0.035mm, the outer radius of each metal ring is 0.8mm, and the inner radius of each metal ring is 0.6 mm; the metal rings are arranged in a period of 2mm, wherein the metal rings on the upper layer and the lower layer are staggered to ensure that the center positions of three adjacent metal rings just form a regular triangle, and the arrangement mode can ensure that the metal rings work in any polarization direction and have more stable two-dimensional isotropic property.
In the implementation process of the invention, full-wave simulation is carried out through electromagnetic simulation software CST, and the equivalent electromagnetic parameters of the medium are back-calculated by using scattering parameters obtained by simulation, and the result is shown in FIG. 3. For TE polarized wave incidence, the dielectric constant corresponding to the y-direction is about 2.55, with very weak dispersion properties. The magnetic permeability in the x direction and the z direction is respectively 0.65 and 1, and the magnetic material has strong magnetic anisotropy. Similarly, for TM polarized wave incidence, the permeability in the y direction is 1, and the dispersion property is very weak. The dielectric constants in the x and z directions are 1.08 and 2.55 respectively, and the dielectric film has strong electrical anisotropy.
Selecting a conventional low-loss medium FR-4 epoxy board medium existing in nature as a flat medium A, wherein the corresponding relative dielectric constant is just 2.55, and the magnetic permeability is 1. When the flat medium A and the equivalent electromagnetic medium B are periodically arranged into a one-dimensional photonic crystal, the electromagnetic characteristics of the two materials are completely the same corresponding to the vertically incident electromagnetic wave, so that perfect matching transmission can be realized. When electromagnetic waves are obliquely incident, no matter TM polarization or TE polarization, longitudinal electromagnetic parameters can be sensed, and the longitudinal electromagnetic parameters of the flat medium A and the equivalent electromagnetic medium B are different, so that a forbidden band is generated.
To verify the feasibility of the design described above, the structure was full-wave simulated with CST. The transmission curve of a one-dimensional photonic crystal formed by periodically arranging 10 flat media A with the thickness of 4mm and 9 equivalent electromagnetic media B with the thickness of 4mm is shown in FIG. 4. It can be found that, because the equivalent electromagnetic medium B has stronger electrical anisotropy, the corresponding TM polarized wave has better angular selectivity, and the angular selective frequency band falls in the vicinity of 12 GHz. Since the magnetic anisotropy is relatively weak, the angle selection characteristic for the TE polarized wave is not as good as that for the TM polarized wave.
Finally, 25 periodic flat plate structures closely arrayed on the surface are designed, the thickness of the medium in each periodic flat plate structure is respectively taken as a value corresponding to each term of an equal ratio series with the first term of 7mm and the common ratio of 0.96, the periodic flat plate structures are closely arranged, and the obtained transmission curve is shown in fig. 5. It can be found that the ultra-wideband angle selection is transparent within the range of 10-20GHz in both TE and TM polarization, the selection angle is 0 degree, and the angle width is about plus or minus 25 degrees, thus completely proving the feasibility of the design. It is further emphasized that to reduce the width of the selection angle, the number of cycles in each periodic plate structure is increased; if the working bandwidth needs to be increased, the number of the periodic flat plate structures is only required to be increased. In addition, it should be noted that the selection angle designed by the present design example is 0 degree, and the selection angle can be adjusted at will according to the needs in the actual implementation process, and only the parameters of the equivalent electromagnetic medium B need to be re-optimized and designed.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment designed to operate in the Ku band, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A transparent structure is selected to full polarization, ultra wide band's electromagnetic wave angle which characterized in that: the electromagnetic wave energy-saving device is mainly formed by closely arraying n periodic flat plate structures with different periods m on a plane where the surface is located, each periodic flat plate structure is mainly formed by closely and alternately laminating a flat plate medium A and an equivalent electromagnetic medium B, both ends of the laminated structure are the equivalent electromagnetic medium B, and the alternately laminated periods are m; for each ith periodic flat plate structure, the single-layer thicknesses of the flat plate medium A and the equivalent electromagnetic medium B are the same, and the thicknesses are Ti(ii) a By setting different respective thicknesses T of periodic plate structure1、T2、....TnSetting the operating frequency f, T of a periodic plate structurei1/4 equal to the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency f, and the thickness T of each periodic flat plate structure is set1、T2、…TnDifferent working frequency distributions are formed on the surfaces which are different from each other so as to realize the angle selection transparent surface;
the thickness of the flat plate medium A in each period of the flat plate structure is increased in an equal ratio series of a fixed common ratio;
the thickness of the medium in each periodic flat plate structure respectively takes the corresponding values of the first term of 7mm and the common ratio of 0.96 in the geometric series;
the equivalent electromagnetic medium B is mainly formed by a plurality of layers of metal ring sheet-shaped structures in a stacked arrangement mode, each metal ring sheet-shaped structure comprises a medium plate and seven circular metal sheets arranged in the middle of the medium plate, six circular metal sheets surround a hexagon, and the other circular metal sheet is located in the center of the hexagon; electricity equivalent to electromagnetic medium BThe magnetic parameters satisfy: dielectric constant of diag (ε)A,εA,εB)，εA,εA,εBThe dielectric constants in the x, y and z directions are shown, respectively, and the relative permeability is diag (1,1, μB)，μBRespectively, the relative permeability in the z direction; satisfies epsilonB≠εA，μB<1；
The dielectric plate is a low-dielectric-constant and low-loss dielectric with a relative dielectric constant epsilonA1-10, magnetic permeability muA＝1。
2. The fully polarized, ultra-wideband, electromagnetic wave angle selective transparent structure of claim 1, characterized in that: the flat plate medium A is a low-dielectric constant and low-loss medium with a relative dielectric constant epsilonA1-10, magnetic permeability muA＝1。
3. The fully polarized, ultra-wideband, electromagnetic wave angle selective transparent structure of claim 1, characterized in that: the number n of the periodic flat plate structures is at least 6, and is determined by the required working bandwidth, and the wider the required working bandwidth is, the larger the number n of the periodic flat plate structures is.
4. The fully polarized, ultra-wideband, electromagnetic wave angle selective transparent structure of claim 1, characterized in that: the number m of the periods of the plate medium A and the equivalent electromagnetic medium B in each periodic plate structure is at least 4.
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| CN111864402B9 (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2022-08-12 | 南京星隐科技发展有限公司 | Wave-transparent structure and wave-transparent device |
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