CN113258280A - Ka-band claw-shaped broadband opposite extension Vivaldi antenna - Google Patents
Ka-band claw-shaped broadband opposite extension Vivaldi antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN113258280A CN113258280A CN202110525330.2A CN202110525330A CN113258280A CN 113258280 A CN113258280 A CN 113258280A CN 202110525330 A CN202110525330 A CN 202110525330A CN 113258280 A CN113258280 A CN 113258280A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
- H01Q15/08—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism formed of solid dielectric material
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a Ka-band claw-shaped broadband opposite-topology Vivaldi antenna. The invention obviously improves the return loss of the antenna, expands the bandwidth of the antenna, greatly improves the gain of the antenna, reduces the level of the side lobe and improves the radiation directivity of the antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a Ka-band claw-shaped broadband opposite extension Vivaldi antenna.
Background
Recently, with the development of millimeter wave imaging, satellite communication, and millimeter wave wireless communication systems, the demand for high-gain millimeter wave antennas has increased, and planar antennas with simple structure, light weight, wide operating frequency band, high efficiency, high gain, and low side lobe level are generally required. Among all planar antennas, the extension Vivaldi antenna is a good choice, and has excellent performances of a planar structure, high gain, wide bandwidth, symmetrical radiation mode, low side lobe level and the like. However, at higher frequencies the high loss and limited bandwidth of the feed network shows limited gain to the plantar structure, and it is not easy to achieve high gain in the millimeter wave band. The technical problems existing in the development of Vivaldi antennas at present are as follows: under the millimeter wave frequency band, limited bandwidth and lower gain brought by high loss of a feed network and small size of an antenna are needed, and therefore a Ka-band claw-shaped broadband Vivaldi antenna is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a Ka-band claw-shaped broadband opposite extension Vivaldi antenna, which solves the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a Ka-band claw-shaped broadband opposite-topology Vivaldi antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, wherein a front side metal radiating sheet is arranged on one side of the dielectric substrate, a rear side metal radiating sheet is arranged on the other side of the dielectric substrate, semi-elliptical patch loads are loaded on the tops of the front side metal radiating sheet and the rear side metal radiating sheet, and claw-shaped grooves and rectangular grooves are formed in the semi-elliptical patch loads along the direction from the arc surface of each semi-elliptical patch load to the adjacent front side metal radiating sheet or the adjacent rear side metal radiating sheet.
Preferably, the bottom of the front side metal radiating patch is connected with a first SIW feeding unit, the middle position of the bottom of the first SIW feeding unit is connected with a first SIW-CPW feeding unit, and the bottom of the first SIW-CPW feeding unit is connected with a CPW feeding unit.
Preferably, the bottom of the rear metal radiating patch is connected with a second SIW feeding unit, the middle position of the bottom of the second SIW feeding unit is connected with a second SIW-CPW feeding unit, and the middle position of the bottom of the second SIW-CPW feeding unit is provided with a triangular groove of an inverted V-shaped structure extending towards the second SIW feeding unit.
Preferably, a dielectric lens is arranged on the top of the dielectric substrate, and rectangular metal strips are arranged on both sides of the dielectric lens.
Preferably, the rectangular groove is located claw shape groove top, and claw shape groove is provided with three groups, equidistant parallel arrangement between three groups claw shape grooves.
Preferably, the length of the dielectric substrate is 18-24mm, the width is 12-16mm, the thickness is 0.4-0.6mm, and the dielectric constant is 1.8-2.6; the major axis of the semiellipse patch load is 2-8mm, and the minor axis is 2-5 mm.
Preferably, the length of the transverse groove of the claw-shaped groove is 2-4mm, 2-4mm and 2-4mm from top to bottom respectively, the width is 0.2-0.3mm, and the groove interval is 0.5-1.5 mm; the length of the rectangular groove is 0.5-1mm, and the width of the rectangular groove is 0.2-0.4 mm.
Preferably, the long axis of the dielectric lens is 12-18mm, and the short axis of the dielectric lens is 5-9 mm; the rectangular metal strips are 2-6mm long, 0.4-0.7mm wide and 0.5-0.75mm in row-column spacing.
Preferably, the width of the SIW feed unit I is 5-9mm, a metal through hole I penetrates through the SIW feed unit I, the diameter of the metal through hole I is 0.4-0.6mm, and the distance between the metal through holes I is 0.5-1.0 mm; the CPW feed unit has the length of 2.5-3.8mm, the width of 2.0-3.2mm and the width of the slot line of 0.05-0.15 mm.
Preferably, the width of the second SIW feed unit is 5-9mm, a second metal through hole penetrates through the second SIW feed unit, the diameter of the second metal through hole is 0.4-0.6mm, and the distance between the second metal through holes is 0.5-1.0 mm.
In the present invention,
1. semi-elliptical metal patches, claw-shaped grooves and rectangular grooves are loaded on the front side metal radiating patch and the rear side metal radiating patch. The return loss of the antenna is obviously improved, the bandwidth of the antenna is expanded,
2. the antenna gain is greatly improved by the loading of the arranged claw-shaped groove, the rectangular groove, the dielectric lens and the rectangular metal strip. The antenna average gain is improved by about 3.4 dBi. The level of the side lobe is reduced, and the radiation directivity of the antenna is improved;
in conclusion, the design obviously improves the return loss of the antenna, expands the bandwidth of the antenna, greatly improves the gain of the antenna, reduces the level of the side lobe and improves the radiation directivity of the antenna.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a Ka-band claw-shaped broadband opposite extension Vivaldi antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of a Ka-band claw broadband pair extension Vivaldi antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view of a Ka-band claw-shaped broadband opposite extension Vivaldi antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a rear view of a Ka-band claw-shaped broadband opposite extension Vivaldi antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a comparison graph of return loss simulation results of an embodiment of a Ka-band claw-shaped broadband opposite extension Vivaldi antenna according to the present invention and a conventional Vivaldi antenna;
FIG. 6 is a graph comparing the gain simulation results of an embodiment of a Ka-band claw-shaped wideband extension Vivaldi antenna according to the present invention with that of a conventional Vivaldi antenna;
FIG. 7 is a radiation pattern of the E-plane at 30GHz of an embodiment of a Ka-band claw-shaped broadband antipodal Vivaldi antenna according to the present invention and a conventional Vivaldi antenna;
fig. 8 shows the radiation pattern of the H-plane at 30GHz for an embodiment of a Ka-band claw broadband antipodal Vivaldi antenna according to the present invention and a conventional Vivaldi antenna.
In the figure: the antenna comprises a dielectric substrate 1, a front side metal radiating patch 2, a rear side metal radiating patch 3, a semi-elliptical patch load 4, a dielectric lens 5, a rectangular metal strip 6, a SIW feed unit I7, a SIW-CPW feed unit I8, a CPW feed unit 9, a SIW feed unit II 10, a SIW-CPW feed unit II 11, a triangular groove 12, a rectangular groove 13 and a claw-shaped groove 14.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1-4, a Ka-band claw-shaped broadband opposite-topology Vivaldi antenna comprises a dielectric substrate 1, a front-side metal radiating plate 2 is arranged on one side of the dielectric substrate 1, a rear-side metal radiating plate 3 is arranged on the other side of the dielectric substrate 1, semielliptical patch loads 4 are loaded on the tops of the front-side metal radiating plate 2 and the rear-side metal radiating plate 3, and claw-shaped grooves 14 and rectangular grooves 13 are formed in the semielliptical patch loads 4 along the directions from the arc surfaces of the semielliptical patch loads to the adjacent front-side metal radiating plate 2 or the adjacent rear-side metal radiating plate 3.
Furthermore, the bottom of the front side metal radiating plate 2 is connected with a SIW feeding unit I7, the middle position of the bottom of the SIW feeding unit I7 is connected with a SIW-CPW feeding unit I8, and the bottom of the SIW-CPW feeding unit I8 is connected with a CPW feeding unit 9.
Specifically, the bottom of the rear metal radiating patch 3 is connected with a second SIW feeding unit 10, the middle position of the bottom of the second SIW feeding unit 10 is connected with a second SIW-CPW feeding unit 11, and the middle position of the bottom of the second SIW-CPW feeding unit 11 is provided with a triangular groove 12 of an inverted V-shaped structure extending towards the second SIW feeding unit 10.
In particular, the dielectric substrate 1 is provided with a dielectric lens 5 on the top, and rectangular metal strips 6 are arranged on both sides of the dielectric lens 5.
It should be noted that the rectangular grooves 13 are located above the claw-shaped grooves 14, and three groups of claw-shaped grooves 14 are arranged, and the three groups of claw-shaped grooves 14 are arranged in parallel and equidistantly.
In addition, the length of the dielectric substrate 1 is 18-24mm, the width is 12-16mm, the thickness is 0.4-0.6mm, and the dielectric constant is 1.8-2.6; the major axis of the semielliptical patch load 4 is 2-8mm, and the minor axis is 2-5 mm.
In addition, the length of the transverse groove of the claw-shaped groove 14 is respectively 2-4mm, 2-4mm and 2-4mm from top to bottom, the width is 0.2-0.3mm, and the groove interval is 0.5-1.5 mm; the length of the rectangular groove 13 is 0.5-1mm, and the width is 0.2-0.4 mm.
Furthermore, the long axis of the dielectric lens 5 is 12-18mm, and the short axis is 5-9 mm; the rectangular metal strips 6 are 2-6mm long and 0.4-0.7mm wide, and the row-column spacing is 0.5-0.75 mm.
Explained, the width of the SIW feed unit I7 is 5-9mm, the SIW feed unit I7 penetrates through a metal through hole I, the diameter of the metal through hole I is 0.4-0.6mm, and the distance between the metal through holes I is 0.5-1.0 mm; the length of the CPW feed unit 9 is 2.5-3.8mm, the width is 2.0-3.2mm, and the width of the slot line is 0.05-0.15 mm.
Supplementing, the width of the second SIW feed unit 10 is 5-9mm, a second metal through hole penetrates through the second SIW feed unit 10, the diameter of the second metal through hole is 0.4-0.6mm, and the distance between the second metal through holes is 0.5-1.0 mm;
the first embodiment is as follows:
a Ka-band claw-shaped broadband opposite-extension Vivaldi antenna comprises a dielectric substrate 1, a front metal radiating sheet 2 is arranged on one side of the dielectric substrate 1, a rear metal radiating sheet 3 is arranged on the other side of the dielectric substrate 1, semi-elliptical patch loads 4 are loaded on the tops of the front metal radiating sheet 2 and the rear metal radiating sheet 3, claw-shaped grooves 14 and rectangular grooves 13 are formed in the direction from the arc surface of each semi-elliptical patch load 4 to the adjacent front metal radiating sheet 2 or the adjacent rear metal radiating sheet 3, and the claw-shaped grooves 14 and the rectangular grooves 13 are designed to change the path of surface current of the antenna, so that the surface current of the patch is gathered in the main radiation direction of the antenna, the bandwidth is expanded, and the gain is improved.
Furthermore, the bottom of the front side metal radiating plate 2 is connected with a SIW feeding unit I7, the middle position of the bottom of the SIW feeding unit I7 is connected with a SIW-CPW feeding unit I8, and the bottom of the SIW-CPW feeding unit I8 is connected with a CPW feeding unit 9.
Specifically, the bottom of the rear metal radiating patch 3 is connected with a second SIW feeding unit 10, the middle position of the bottom of the second SIW feeding unit 10 is connected with a second SIW-CPW feeding unit 11, and the middle position of the bottom of the second SIW-CPW feeding unit 11 is provided with a triangular groove 12 of an inverted V-shaped structure extending towards the second SIW feeding unit 10.
In particular, the top of the dielectric substrate 1 is provided with a dielectric lens 5, the dielectric lens 5 is in an oval shape and is used for gathering electromagnetic waves for secondary radiation, rectangular metal strips 6 are arranged on two sides of the dielectric lens 5, and the rectangular metal strips 6 further improve the gain.
It should be noted that the rectangular grooves 13 are located above the claw-shaped grooves 14, and three groups of claw-shaped grooves 14 are arranged, and the three groups of claw-shaped grooves 14 are arranged in parallel and equidistantly.
Optimally, the length of the dielectric substrate 1 is 21mm, the width is 15mm, the thickness is 0.508mm, and the dielectric constant is 2.2; the semielliptical patch load 4 has a major axis of 3mm and a minor axis of 2.5 mm.
Optimally, the length of the transverse groove of the claw-shaped groove 14 is 3mm, 3mm and 2.5mm from top to bottom respectively, the width is 0.25mm, and the groove interval is 0.75 mm; the rectangular groove 13 has a length of 0.7mm and a width of 0.25 mm.
Optimally, the long axis of the dielectric lens 5 is 16mm, and the short axis is 7.5 mm; the rectangular metal strips 6 are 3mm long and 0.5mm wide, and the row spacing is 0.65 mm.
Optimally, the width of the SIW feed unit I7 is 7.33mm, the diameter of the metal through holes is 0.5mm, and the distance is 0.8 mm; the length of the CPW feed unit 9 is 3.1mm, the width is 2.35mm, and the width of the slot line is 0.1 mm.
Optimally, the width of the second SIW feed unit 10 is 7.33mm, a second metal through hole penetrates through the second SIW feed unit 10, the diameter of the second metal through hole is 0.5mm, and the distance between the second metal through hole and the second metal through hole is 0.8 mm.
As shown in fig. 5: in order to compare the return loss simulation results of the first embodiment with those of the conventional Vivaldi antenna, it can be obtained from the graph that S11 of the first embodiment is all < -10dB in the Ka band, and compared with the conventional Vivaldi antenna, the first embodiment extends the bandwidth by nearly 3 GHz;
as shown in fig. 6: in order to compare the simulation results of the gain of the first embodiment with those of the conventional Vivaldi antenna, it can be seen from the graph that the gain of the first embodiment is greater than 9dBi in the Ka band, and compared with the conventional Vivaldi antenna, the gain of the first embodiment is improved by about 3.4 dBi;
as shown in fig. 7-8: the radiation patterns of an E surface and an H surface at 30GHz of a traditional Vivaldi antenna are taken as an example; it can be seen that the antenna adopted in the first embodiment effectively reduces the sidelobe level and the back lobe level, improves the front-to-back ratio, and enables the antenna radiation to have more directivity.
The design obviously improves the return loss of the antenna, expands the bandwidth of the antenna, greatly improves the gain of the antenna, reduces the level of the side lobe and improves the radiation directivity of the antenna.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the equipment or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be considered as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a Ka wave band claw shape broadband is to rubbing Vivaldi antenna, includes dielectric substrate (1), characterized by, one side of dielectric substrate (1) is provided with front side metal radiating fin (2), the opposite side of dielectric substrate (1) is provided with rear side metal radiating fin (3), the top of front side metal radiating fin (2) and rear side metal radiating fin (3) all is loaded with semiellipse paster load (4), semiellipse paster load (4) have seted up claw-shaped groove (14) and rectangular channel (13) along its arc surface to adjacent front side metal radiating fin (2) or rear side metal radiating fin (3) direction.
2. The Ka-band claw-shaped broadband antipodal Vivaldi antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein a SIW feed unit I (7) is connected to the bottom of the front side metal radiating plate (2), a SIW-CPW feed unit I (8) is connected to the middle position of the bottom of the SIW feed unit I (7), and a CPW feed unit (9) is connected to the bottom of the SIW-CPW feed unit I (8).
3. The Ka-band claw-shaped broadband opposite-topology Vivaldi antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein a second SIW feed unit (10) is connected to the bottom of the rear metal radiating plate (3), a second SIW-CPW feed unit (11) is connected to the middle position of the bottom of the second SIW feed unit (10), and a triangular groove (12) of an inverted V-shaped structure extending towards the second SIW feed unit (10) is formed in the middle position of the bottom of the second SIW-CPW feed unit (11).
4. The Ka-band claw-shaped broadband antipodal Vivaldi antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein a dielectric lens (5) is arranged on the top of the dielectric substrate (1), and rectangular metal strips (6) are arranged on two sides of the dielectric lens (5).
5. The Ka-band claw-shaped broadband antipodal Vivaldi antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rectangular slots (13) are located above claw-shaped slots (14), and the claw-shaped slots (14) are provided with three groups, and the three groups of claw-shaped slots (14) are arranged equidistantly and parallelly.
6. The Ka-band claw-shaped broadband antipodal Vivaldi antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dielectric substrate (1) has a length of 18-24mm, a width of 12-16mm, a thickness of 0.4-0.6mm and a dielectric constant of 1.8-2.6; the major axis of the semielliptical patch load (4) is 2-8mm, and the minor axis is 2-5 mm.
7. The Ka-band claw-shaped broadband antipodal Vivaldi antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transverse slot lengths of the claw-shaped slots (14) are respectively 2-4mm, 2-4mm and 2-4mm from top to bottom, the widths are respectively 0.2-0.3mm, and the slot pitch is 0.5-1.5 mm; the length of the rectangular groove (13) is 0.5-1mm, and the width of the rectangular groove is 0.2-0.4 mm.
8. The Ka-band claw-shaped broadband antipodal Vivaldi antenna as claimed in claim 4, wherein the dielectric lens (5) has a major axis of 12-18mm and a minor axis of 5-9 mm; the length of the rectangular metal strip (6) is 2-6mm, the width is 0.4-0.7mm, and the row-column spacing is 0.5-0.75 mm.
9. The Ka-band claw-shaped broadband antipodal Vivaldi antenna as claimed in claim 2, wherein the width of the SIW feed unit I (7) is 5-9mm, the SIW feed unit I (7) is penetrated by a metal through hole I, the diameter of the metal through hole I is 0.4-0.6mm, and the distance between the metal through holes I is 0.5-1.0 mm; the CPW feed unit (9) has the length of 2.5-3.8mm, the width of 2.0-3.2mm and the width of a slot line of 0.05-0.15 mm.
10. The Ka-band claw-shaped broadband antipodal Vivaldi antenna as claimed in claim 3, wherein the width of the second SIW feed unit (10) is 5-9mm, the second SIW feed unit (10) penetrates a second metal through hole, the diameter of the second metal through hole is 0.4-0.6mm, and the distance between the second metal through holes is 0.5-1.0 mm.
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