CN113257596A - Arc voltage enhanced natural commutation type direct current breaker and control method thereof - Google Patents
Arc voltage enhanced natural commutation type direct current breaker and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113257596A CN113257596A CN202110668985.5A CN202110668985A CN113257596A CN 113257596 A CN113257596 A CN 113257596A CN 202110668985 A CN202110668985 A CN 202110668985A CN 113257596 A CN113257596 A CN 113257596A
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- mechanical switch
- branch
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
- H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
- H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
- H02H7/268—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured for dc systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
- H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
- H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
- H01H2009/543—Contacts shunted by static switch means third parallel branch comprising an energy absorber, e.g. MOV, PTC, Zener
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
- H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
- H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
- H01H2009/544—Contacts shunted by static switch means the static switching means being an insulated gate bipolar transistor, e.g. IGBT, Darlington configuration of FET and bipolar transistor
Landscapes
- Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
- Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an arc voltage enhanced natural commutation type direct current breaker and a control method thereof, wherein the direct current breaker comprises a main current branch, a transfer branch and an energy absorption branch which are connected in parallel, wherein: the main through-flow branch comprises a magnetic blow-by gas quick mechanical switch. The invention realizes the rapid and reliable natural commutation of the direct current breaker.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of circuit protection, and particularly relates to an arc voltage enhanced natural commutation type direct current circuit breaker and a control method thereof.
Background
The flexible direct-current power grid has more complex and various system main wiring structures and operation modes, so that the direct-current system has multiple fault modes, fast fault development and wide influence range. Therefore, a fault isolation technology of the flexible direct current power grid is urgently needed to ensure safe and reliable operation of the flexible direct current power grid. The direct current breaker is the most ideal choice for realizing direct current fault isolation in the direct current transmission and distribution system.
Due to the low impedance characteristic of the flexible direct current power grid, the fault current rise rate is high, extremely high requirements are provided for the on-off speed of the direct current circuit breaker, and the on-state loss of the solid-state circuit breaker with high on-off speed is large, so that the hybrid direct current circuit breaker is widely adopted in engineering. When the current hybrid direct current circuit breaker is high in fault current increasing rate and large in fault current, the problem that current is difficult to transfer from a main through-current branch circuit to a transfer branch circuit exists. A forced commutation mode is often adopted in engineering, but the number of components is large, the control is complex, and the problem of insufficient reliability exists. The natural commutation type direct current circuit breaker transfers current from a main through-current branch to a transfer branch by utilizing arc voltage, and is the simplest commutation mode with the lowest cost of a hybrid direct current circuit breaker, but the arc voltage of a vacuum fracture of a common switch in the current natural commutation type direct current circuit breaker is lower and usually does not exceed 30V, so that the problems of low current transfer speed and low transfer reliability of the natural commutation type direct current circuit breaker are caused, and the high-capacity short circuit on-off requirement of a direct current system is difficult to meet. Therefore, how to provide a natural commutation type direct current breaker for realizing rapid and reliable natural commutation becomes a technical problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides an arc voltage enhanced natural commutation type dc circuit breaker, which is characterized in that the dc circuit breaker includes a main through-current branch, a transfer branch, and an energy absorption branch, which are connected in parallel, wherein:
the main through-flow branch comprises a magnetic blow-by gas quick mechanical switch.
Furthermore, the main through-flow branch also comprises a non-magnetic blowing quick mechanical switch which is connected with the magnetic blowing gas quick mechanical switch in series.
Further, the transfer branch comprises a bidirectional solid-state switch module.
Further, the energy absorption branch comprises a metal oxide varistor.
Further, the bidirectional solid-state switch module may adopt any one of an anti-series connection structure module, a full-bridge structure module and a diode bridge structure module.
Furthermore, the non-magnetic blowing rapid mechanical switch is a vacuum rapid mechanical switch or a gas rapid mechanical switch.
Further, the gas filled in the magnetic blowing gas rapid mechanical switch can be any one or more of hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and sulfur hexafluoride.
In another aspect, the present invention further provides a method for controlling an arc-voltage enhanced naturally commutated dc circuit breaker, where the dc circuit breaker is a dc circuit breaker according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and the method includes:
when a direct current system fails, a magnetic field is applied to the magnetic blowing gas quick mechanical switch of the main through-current branch circuit to control the magnetic blowing gas quick mechanical switch to be switched off and control the transfer branch circuit to keep a conducting state.
And further, the magnetic blowing gas quick mechanical switch of the main through-flow branch is controlled to be switched off, and the arc voltage of the magnetic blowing gas quick mechanical switch can drive the current on the magnetic blowing gas quick mechanical switch to be transferred to the transfer branch.
Furthermore, the transfer branch comprises a bidirectional solid-state switch module, when the contact gap after the rapid mechanical switch of the magnetic blowing gas is switched off can bear the transient recovery voltage of the transfer branch, the bidirectional solid-state switch module of the transfer branch is switched off, the current on the transfer branch is transferred to the energy absorption branch, the voltage between the ends of the direct-current circuit breaker is limited by the energy absorption branch, and the fault current gradually drops to 0.
The non-magnetic blowing quick mechanical switch is a vacuum quick mechanical switch or a gas quick mechanical switch.
The gas filled in the magnetic blowing gas quick mechanical switch can be any one or more of hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and sulfur hexafluoride.
The energy absorption branch comprises a metal oxide piezoresistor.
The bidirectional solid-state switch module can adopt any one of an anti-series connection structure module, a full-bridge structure module and a diode bridge structure module.
According to the arc voltage enhanced natural commutation type direct current breaker and the control method thereof, the gas arc voltage generated by the contact of the magnetic blow-out quick mechanical switch is increased in a mode of externally adding a magnetic field on the magnetic blow-out quick mechanical switch, so that the fault current can be quickly transferred from the main through-flow branch to the transfer branch, and the quick and reliable natural commutation of the direct current breaker is realized.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a dc circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a closing state of contacts of a magnetically-blown fast mechanical switch while the switch remains closed according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 shows an illustration of an arc moving effect of the magnetic blow-out fast mechanical switch according to the embodiment of the invention after opening.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the arc movement generated by the magnetically-blown fast mechanical switch after opening according to the embodiment of the present invention is elongated.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides an arc voltage enhanced natural commutation type direct current breaker, which comprises a main current branch, a transfer branch and an energy absorption branch which are connected in parallel, wherein:
the main through-flow branch includes the gaseous quick mechanical switch of magnetism blowing, and is further, and the gaseous quick mechanical switch of magnetism blowing can be a plurality of, and when the gaseous quick mechanical switch of magnetism blowing is a plurality of, the gaseous quick mechanical switch series connection of a plurality of magnetism blowing, and is further, gaseous quick mechanical switch of magnetism blowing is the quick mechanical switch in vacuum, but the inflation body in the explosion chamber of the quick mechanical switch in vacuum, can exert magnetic field in the explosion chamber of the quick mechanical switch in vacuum. The gas filled in the magnetic blowing gas quick mechanical switch can be any one or more of hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and sulfur hexafluoride, the magnetic blowing gas quick mechanical switch is provided with an arc extinguish chamber, and the gas is filled in the corresponding arc extinguish chamber. The magnetic field is applied in the arc extinguishing chamber of the magnetic blowing gas quick mechanical switch, so that the fracture arc voltage of the magnetic blowing gas quick mechanical switch can be increased.
The main through-flow branch also comprises a non-magnetic blowing quick mechanical switch which is connected with the magnetic blowing gas quick mechanical switch in series. Further, there may be a plurality of the non-magnetic blow-out fast mechanical switches, and when there are a plurality of the non-magnetic blow-out fast mechanical switches, the plurality of the non-magnetic blow-out fast mechanical switches are connected in series. Furthermore, when there are a plurality of the non-magnetic blowing fast mechanical switches and the magnetic blowing gas fast mechanical switches, the plurality of the non-magnetic blowing fast mechanical switches connected in series are connected in series with the plurality of the magnetic blowing gas fast mechanical switches connected in series. Further, the non-magnetic blow Fast Mechanical Switch is a Vacuum Fast Mechanical Switch (VFMS) or a Gas Fast Mechanical Switch (GFMS).
The transfer branch is connected in parallel with the main through-flow branch, and specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the non-magnetic blowing fast machine is connected in series with the magnetic blowing gas fast machine switch and then connected in parallel with the transfer branch. The transfer branch is connected in parallel with an energy absorption branch, and the energy absorption branch comprises Metal Oxide Varistors (MOVs).
Further, as shown in fig. 1, the transfer branch comprises a plurality of bidirectional solid-state switch modules, and further, when the plurality of bidirectional solid-state switch modules are connected in series, the plurality of bidirectional solid-state switch modules may be connected in series, and further, the bidirectional solid-state switch modules may adopt any one of an anti-series connection structure module, a full-bridge structure module and a diode bridge structure module.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1, the anti-series connection module includes two first full-control power electronic devices, cathodes of the two first full-control power electronic devices are connected in series, a first diode is connected in anti-parallel to the first full-control power electronic device, a cathode of the first diode is connected to an anode of the first full-control power electronic device, and an anode of the first diode is connected to a cathode of the first full-control power electronic device. The full-bridge structure module comprises a capacitor and four second full-control power electronic devices, wherein cathodes of the two second full-control power electronic devices are connected with one end of the capacitor, anodes of the other two second full-control power electronic devices are connected with the other end of the capacitor, anodes of the two second full-control power electronic devices are respectively connected with cathodes of the other two second full-control power electronic devices, second diodes are connected to the second full-control power electronic devices in a reverse parallel mode, cathodes of the second diodes are connected with anodes of the second full-control power electronic devices, and anodes of the second diodes are connected with cathodes of the second full-control power electronic devices. The diode bridge structure module comprises a third full-control power electronic device and four third diodes, wherein cathodes of the two third diodes are connected with an anode of the third full-control power electronic device, anodes of the other two third diodes are connected with a cathode of the third full-control power electronic device, anodes of the two third diodes are respectively connected with cathodes of the other two third diodes, a fourth diode is connected to the third full-control power electronic device in an anti-parallel mode, a cathode of the fourth diode is connected with an anode of the third full-control power electronic device, and an anode of the fourth diode is connected with a cathode of the third full-control power electronic device.
The first, second and third fully-controlled power electronic devices may be any one of Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs), Integrated Gate Commutated Thyristors (IGCTs) and Gate injection Enhanced transistors (IEGTs).
IN this embodiment, when a dc system connected to the dc circuit breaker does not have a fault, the system current of the dc system and the main through-current branch current on the main through-current branch may not rise abnormally, and the main through-current branch current may flow through the main through-current branch, that is, the main through-current branch current may flow IN from the input end of the dc circuit breaker and flow OUT from the output end of the dc circuit breaker, and further, IN fig. 1, IN and OUT are the input end and the output end of the dc circuit breaker, respectively. The bidirectional solid-state switch module on the transfer branch is in a non-conductive state at this time.
In this embodiment, the control principle of the dc circuit breaker is as follows:
the magnetic blow-out gas quick mechanical switch comprises a moving contact and a fixed contact, and before a short-circuit fault occurs in a direct current system, as shown in fig. 2, the moving contact and the fixed contact of the magnetic blow-out gas quick mechanical switch are in a closing state.
When a short-circuit fault occurs in a direct-current system, a magnetic field is applied to the magnetic blowing gas quick mechanical switch of the main through-current branch, system current and current entering the main through-current branch start to rise, at the moment, the current on the main through-current branch is fault current, the fault current is continuously increased due to the influence of the fault, after a certain control protection exit time, the direct-current circuit breaker receives a brake opening command, after receiving the brake opening command, the direct-current circuit breaker firstly sends a brake opening command to the magnetic blowing gas quick mechanical switch to control the magnetic blowing gas quick mechanical switch of the main through-current branch to open a brake, and meanwhile, the bidirectional solid-state switch module of the transfer branch is controlled to keep a conducting state.
Furthermore, after the magnetic blowing gas quick mechanical switch of the main through-flow branch circuit is controlled to be switched off, the arc voltage of the magnetic blowing gas quick mechanical switch can drive the current on the magnetic blowing gas quick mechanical switch to be transferred to the transfer branch circuit.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, after the magnetic gas-blowing fast mechanical switch receives the opening command, the moving contact of the magnetic gas-blowing fast mechanical switch is separated from the static contact, a gas arc is generated in a contact gap after the moving contact is separated from the static contact, and the gas arc moves to the edge of the contact gap, and in fig. 3, it is assumed that the current direction of the arc is downward, the magnetic field direction is perpendicular to the contact gap inward, and the gas arc is subjected to an ampere force rightward and moves rightward. Because the vacuum arc is an arc which is mainly maintained to be ignited by metal vapor of a switch contact electrode after the vacuum gap discharge, the particles of the gas arc are lighter than those of the vacuum arc, and the gas arc can rapidly move to the edge of the contact gap in a short time (for example, one millisecond) on the premise that the magnetic field is large enough (for example, tens of millitesla), so that a shape similar to an arch bridge is formed as shown in fig. 4, the arc length of the gas arc in the shape is rapidly elongated, and the arc voltage of the gas arc can rapidly rise due to the positive correlation between the arc voltage and the arc length of the gas arc, so that the fault current is driven to be transferred from the main through-current branch to the transfer branch, and the rapid natural commutation is realized.
When the fault current on the main through-flow branch is completely transferred to the transfer branch, the current on the magnetic blowing gas quick mechanical switch can pass through zero, after the zero-crossing, the arc is extinguished between the moving contact and the static contact of the magnetic blowing gas quick mechanical switch, then, the moving contact of the magnetic blowing gas quick mechanical switch continues to perform opening movement, when the contact gap after the opening of the magnetic blowing gas quick mechanical switch can bear the transient recovery voltage on the transfer branch, namely the contact gap can not be arcing under the action of the transient recovery voltage, the bidirectional solid-state switch module on the transfer branch is controlled to be turned off, and the fault current can be transferred to the energy absorption branch connected with the bidirectional solid-state switch module in parallel. Under the action of the metal oxide piezoresistor on the energy absorption branch circuit, the voltage between the terminals (the voltage between the input terminal and the output terminal) of the direct current circuit breaker is limited by the nonlinear volt-ampere characteristic of the metal oxide piezoresistor, and meanwhile, the fault current gradually drops to 0.
In this embodiment, for the moving contact and the fixed contact of the magnetic blow gas fast mechanical switch, a cup-shaped flat contact is adopted, which includes but is not limited to those shown in fig. 2 to 4, and the contact surface of the cup-shaped flat contact is circular. Non-cup shaped flat contacts or plug contacts may also be used.
The contact surface of a moving contact of the magnetic blowing gas quick mechanical switch is parallel to the contact surface of a static contact, an external magnetic field can adopt a transverse magnetic field parallel to the contact surface of the static contact, an external excitation circuit (the excitation circuit can adopt a circuit capable of excitation in the prior art and only generates one magnetic field) or a permanent magnet can be adopted in an excitation mode, and the function to be achieved is to apply one magnetic field to an arc extinguish chamber of the magnetic blowing gas quick mechanical switch.
It is to be understood that the terms "upwardly," "downwardly," "leftward," "rightward," "vertical," "inwardly," and the like are used herein for purposes of description only. Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (14)
1. The arc voltage enhanced natural commutation type direct current circuit breaker is characterized by comprising a main current branch, a transfer branch and an energy absorption branch which are connected in parallel, wherein:
the main through-flow branch comprises a magnetic blow-by gas quick mechanical switch.
2. The arc voltage enhanced natural commutation type direct current breaker according to claim 1, wherein the main current branch further comprises a magnetic blow-free fast mechanical switch, and the magnetic blow-free fast mechanical switch is connected in series with the magnetic blow-free gas fast mechanical switch.
3. An arc voltage enhanced natural commutation direct current circuit breaker according to claim 1, wherein the transfer branch comprises a bidirectional solid state switch module.
4. The arc-voltage enhanced natural commutation direct current circuit breaker of claim 1, wherein the energy absorption branch comprises a metal oxide varistor.
5. An arc voltage enhanced natural commutation type direct current breaker according to claim 3, wherein the bidirectional solid state switch module adopts any one of an anti-series structure module, a full bridge structure module and a diode bridge structure module.
6. An arc voltage enhanced natural commutation type direct current circuit breaker according to claim 2, wherein the non-magnetic blow-out fast mechanical switch is a vacuum fast mechanical switch or a gas fast mechanical switch.
7. The arc voltage enhanced natural commutation direct current breaker according to claim 1, wherein the gas filled in the magnetically-puffer gas rapid mechanical switch is any one or more of hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and sulfur hexafluoride.
8. A method for controlling an arc-voltage enhanced naturally commutated dc circuit breaker according to claim 1 or 2, said dc circuit breaker comprising:
when a direct current system fails, a magnetic field is applied to the magnetic blowing gas quick mechanical switch of the main through-current branch circuit to control the magnetic blowing gas quick mechanical switch to be switched off and control the transfer branch circuit to keep a conducting state.
9. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the switching off of the magnetic blow-out gas fast mechanical switch of the main current branch is controlled, and the arc voltage of the magnetic blow-out gas fast mechanical switch drives the current on the magnetic blow-out gas fast mechanical switch to be transferred to the transfer branch.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the transfer branch comprises a bidirectional solid-state switch module, and wherein the bidirectional solid-state switch module of the transfer branch is turned off after a contact gap after the rapid mechanical switch is opened is able to withstand a transient recovery voltage of the transfer branch, a current on the transfer branch is transferred to the energy absorption branch, a voltage between terminals of the dc circuit breaker is limited by the energy absorption branch, and a fault current gradually decreases to 0.
11. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the said non-magnetic blow-out fast mechanical switch is a vacuum fast mechanical switch or a gas fast mechanical switch.
12. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the gas filled in the magnetic blow-out gas fast mechanical switch is any one or more of hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and sulfur hexafluoride.
13. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein said energy absorption branch comprises a metal oxide varistor.
14. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the bidirectional solid-state switch module is any one of an anti-series connection module, a full bridge module and a diode bridge module.
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| CN202110668985.5A CN113257596A (en) | 2021-06-17 | 2021-06-17 | Arc voltage enhanced natural commutation type direct current breaker and control method thereof |
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| CN202110668985.5A CN113257596A (en) | 2021-06-17 | 2021-06-17 | Arc voltage enhanced natural commutation type direct current breaker and control method thereof |
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Citations (5)
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| CN109935479A (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2019-06-25 | 西安交通大学 | Dc circuit breaker and its cutoff method based on vacuum magnetic blow-out transfer |
| CN111404127A (en) * | 2020-03-10 | 2020-07-10 | 清华大学 | Natural commutation type hybrid direct current circuit breaker and current turn-off method of direct current system |
| CN112086939A (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2020-12-15 | 清华大学 | Natural current conversion type direct current breaker with mechanical switches connected in parallel and control method |
| CN212322890U (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2021-01-08 | 江苏丹通电气有限公司 | Magnetic blowing rotary arc type arc extinguishing chamber with high-strength arc extinguishing function |
| CN112670112A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-16 | 广东电网有限责任公司云浮供电局 | Hybrid lossless alternating current fast switch and control method thereof |
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2021
- 2021-06-17 CN CN202110668985.5A patent/CN113257596A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109935479A (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2019-06-25 | 西安交通大学 | Dc circuit breaker and its cutoff method based on vacuum magnetic blow-out transfer |
| US20200343062A1 (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2020-10-29 | Xi'an Jiaotong University | Direct current breaker based on vacuum magnetic blowout transfer and breaking method thereof |
| CN111404127A (en) * | 2020-03-10 | 2020-07-10 | 清华大学 | Natural commutation type hybrid direct current circuit breaker and current turn-off method of direct current system |
| CN212322890U (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2021-01-08 | 江苏丹通电气有限公司 | Magnetic blowing rotary arc type arc extinguishing chamber with high-strength arc extinguishing function |
| CN112086939A (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2020-12-15 | 清华大学 | Natural current conversion type direct current breaker with mechanical switches connected in parallel and control method |
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