CN113242192A - Ultra-wideband compressed sensing system and method for multi-channel radio frequency direct acquisition - Google Patents
Ultra-wideband compressed sensing system and method for multi-channel radio frequency direct acquisition Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetic signal detection, and particularly discloses a multi-channel radio frequency direct acquisition ultra-wideband compressed sensing system and a method. The system adopts a signal receiving module to carry out multi-channel radio frequency direct acquisition on an original narrow pulse signal with the pulse width of between 10ns and 100ns and the bandwidth of between 0.8GHz and 18GHz, adopts a modulation compression module to carry out broadband modulation and ADC (analog to digital converter) cross-prime sampling, adopts a calculation module to simultaneously realize frequency calculation and amplitude calculation, and further synthesizes high-precision PDW (pulse description words) parameters (including frequency, amplitude, pulse width and period), thereby realizing burst type narrow pulse width signal detection with the bandwidth of between 0.8G and 18GHz and the pulse width of between 10ns and 100 ns. Experiments show that the frequency measurement error of the sensing system and the method is not more than 10MHz, and the amplitude measurement error is not more than 1 dB.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of RF signal detection, in particular to an ultra-wideband compressed sensing system and method for multi-channel radio frequency direct acquisition.
Background
The existing electromagnetic signal detection technology is mainly channelization detection, that is, a 1GHz bandwidth is divided into a plurality of sub-channels for detection. The instantaneous detection bandwidth of the current channelized receiver is generally 1GHz, the adaptability of the minimum detection pulse width is 100ns, and the method cannot be applied to detection scenes with larger bandwidth and smaller pulse width.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an ultra-wideband compressed sensing system and method for multi-channel radio frequency direct acquisition, which solve the technical problems that: how to detect radio frequency signals of larger bandwidth and smaller pulse width.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a multi-channel radio frequency direct acquisition ultra-wideband compressed sensing system, which comprises a signal receiving module, a modulation compression module and a calculation module;
the signal receiving module is used for receiving 1 path of original narrow pulse signals with the pulse width of 10 ns-100 ns and the bandwidth of 0.8 GHz-18 GHz, dividing the amplification power into multiple paths of sub narrow pulse signals and inputting the sub narrow pulse signals to the modulation compression module;
the modulation compression module is used for carrying out broadband modulation and ADC sampling on each path of sub narrow pulse signal in sequence and outputting a plurality of paths of digital modulation signals to the calculation module;
and the calculation module is used for processing the received multipath digital modulation signals to obtain the PDW parameter of the narrow pulse signal.
The system adopts a signal receiving module to carry out multi-channel radio frequency direct acquisition on an original narrow pulse signal with the pulse width of between 10ns and 100ns and the bandwidth of between 0.8GHz and 18GHz, adopts a modulation compression module to carry out broadband modulation and ADC (analog to digital converter) cross-prime sampling, adopts a calculation module to simultaneously realize frequency calculation and amplitude calculation, and further synthesizes high-precision PDW (pulse description words) parameters (including frequency, amplitude, pulse width and period), thereby realizing burst type narrow pulse width signal detection with the bandwidth of between 0.8G and 18GHz and the pulse width of between 10ns and 100 ns.
Preferably, the modulation compression module includes a plurality of wideband modulation circuits and a plurality of ADC conversion circuits corresponding to the plurality of wideband modulation circuits one to one, and the wideband modulation circuit and the ADC conversion circuit on each channel are configured to perform wideband modulation and ADC conversion on the input sub-narrow pulse signals in sequence, so as to obtain multiple paths of digital modulation signals; the sampling rates of the plurality of ADC conversion circuits are relatively prime; each broadband modulation circuit extends the analog bandwidth to 18 GHz.
Preferably, the calculation module is provided with a frequency calculation submodule, and the frequency calculation submodule is used for performing frequency calculation on the received multipath digital modulation signal according to a remainder theorem to obtain the frequency of the original narrow pulse signal. Each sampling rate of the plurality of ADC conversion circuits corresponds to one Nyquist period, because the sampling rates are relatively prime, the frequency in which Nyquist period is located can be solved through a remainder theorem, and the frequency value is further obtained.
Preferably, the calculation module is provided with an amplitude calculation submodule, and the amplitude calculation submodule comprises a channel selection unit, a DDC filter unit, a square rate detection unit and an amplitude calculation unit;
the channel selection unit is used for selecting one path of the received multi-path digital modulation signals according to a selection strategy and inputting the selected path of the received multi-path digital modulation signals to the DDC filtering unit;
the DDC filtering unit, the square rate detection unit and the logarithm calculation unit are used for carrying out DDC filtering, square operation and logarithm operation on the selected digital modulation signal in sequence to obtain the amplitude of the original narrow pulse signal.
Preferably, the selection policy is: and selecting the digital modulation signal with the frequency initial value closest to the center position of the bandwidth, so that the precision of the measured amplitude value is higher.
In order to further improve the frequency measurement precision, the ultra-wideband compressed sensing system for multi-channel radio frequency direct sampling further comprises an instantaneous frequency measurement module, wherein the instantaneous frequency measurement module is used for carrying out analog frequency measurement on an original narrow pulse signal to obtain a frequency interval of the original narrow pulse signal, the frequency interval is input to the frequency calculation submodule, and the frequency calculation submodule simultaneously carries out frequency calculation on multi-channel digital modulation signals in the frequency interval.
Preferably, the ultra-wideband compressed sensing system for multi-channel radio frequency direct sampling further comprises an instantaneous frequency measurement module, configured to perform analog frequency measurement on an original narrow pulse signal to obtain a frequency interval of the original narrow pulse signal, and input the frequency interval to the frequency calculation sub-module, where the frequency calculation sub-module performs frequency calculation on multiple channels of digital modulation signals in the frequency interval. The instantaneous frequency measurement module is designed to further improve the frequency measurement precision.
Corresponding to the sensing system, the invention also provides an ultra-wideband compressed sensing method for multi-channel radio frequency direct sampling, which comprises the following steps:
s1: receiving 1 path of original narrow pulse signals with the pulse width of 10 ns-100 ns and the bandwidth of 0.8 GHz-18 GHz, and dividing the amplified power into multiple paths of sub narrow pulse signals;
s2: carrying out broadband modulation and ADC (analog to digital converter) sampling on each path of sub narrow pulse signals in sequence, and outputting a plurality of paths of digital modulation signals;
s3: and processing the received multi-channel digital modulation signals to obtain the PDW parameter of the narrow pulse signal.
Further, the step S2 is specifically:
s2: carrying out broadband modulation and ADC (analog to digital converter) conversion on each path of input sub narrow pulse signals in sequence to obtain a plurality of paths of digital modulation signals; the analog bandwidth is expanded to 18GHz when each path of narrow pulse signal is subjected to broadband modulation, and the sampling rates of the multiple paths of narrow pulse signals are relatively prime when ADC (analog-to-digital converter) conversion is carried out.
Further, the step S3 specifically includes the steps of:
carrying out frequency calculation on the received multi-channel digital modulation signals according to a remainder theorem to obtain the frequency of the original narrow pulse signal;
carrying out amplitude calculation on the received multi-channel digital modulation signals to obtain the amplitude of the original narrow pulse signals; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) selecting one path from the received multi-path digital modulation signals to participate in amplitude calculation according to a selection strategy;
2) and carrying out DDC filtering, square operation and logarithm operation on the selected digital modulation signal in sequence to obtain the amplitude of the original narrow pulse signal.
Further, an ultra-wideband compressed sensing method for multi-channel radio frequency direct sampling further comprises the following steps:
carrying out analog frequency measurement on the original narrow pulse signal to obtain a frequency interval of the original narrow pulse signal;
step S3 is to perform frequency calculation on the multiple digital modulation signals simultaneously in the frequency interval.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an ultra-wideband compressed sensing system for multi-channel rf direct sampling according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block circuit diagram of the system of FIG. 1 provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a computing module provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a theoretical simulation of an original narrow pulse signal provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of experimentally measured pulse width and frequency accuracy measurements provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a waveform diagram of amplitude calculation in an experiment provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not to be construed as limitations of the invention, including the drawings which are incorporated herein by reference and for illustration only and are not to be construed as limitations of the invention, since many variations thereof are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
In order to implement radio frequency signal detection with large bandwidth and small pulse width, an embodiment of the present invention first provides a multi-channel radio frequency direct sampling ultra-wideband compressed sensing system, as shown in a block structure diagram of fig. 1, the system includes a signal receiving module, a modulation compression module, and a calculation module.
The signal receiving module receives 1 path of original narrow pulse signals with the pulse width of 10 ns-100 ns and the bandwidth of 0.8 GHz-18 GHz, divides the amplification power into multiple paths of sub narrow pulse signals and inputs the signals to the modulation compression module. The modulation compression module further performs broadband modulation and ADC sampling on each path of sub narrow pulse signal in sequence, and outputs a plurality of paths of digital modulation signals to the calculation module. The calculation module is used for processing the received multi-channel digital modulation signals to obtain the PDW parameters (pulse description words including frequency, amplitude, pulse width and period) of the narrow pulse signals.
The modulation compression module comprises a plurality of broadband modulation circuits and a plurality of ADC (analog to digital converter) conversion circuits which are in one-to-one correspondence with the broadband modulation circuits, and the broadband modulation circuit and the ADC conversion circuit on each channel are used for carrying out broadband modulation and ADC conversion on input sub-narrow pulse signals in sequence so as to obtain a plurality of paths of digital modulation signals; the sampling rates of the plurality of ADC conversion circuits are relatively prime; each broadband modulation circuit extends the analog bandwidth to 18 GHz.
As shown in fig. 2, this example takes the case where the power is divided into 3 sub narrow pulse signals, 3 wideband modulation circuits are provided, and 3 ADC conversion circuits are provided. The sampling frequencies of the 3 ADC conversion circuits are 1.1GHz (f1), 2.1GHz (f2), and 2.3GHz (f3), respectively. The 3 sampling rates of the 3 ADC conversion circuits correspond to the 3 nyquist periods.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the calculation module is provided with a frequency calculation submodule, and the frequency calculation submodule is configured to perform frequency calculation on the received multiple paths of digital modulation signals according to a remainder theorem to obtain the frequency of the original narrow pulse signal. Each sampling rate of the plurality of ADC conversion circuits corresponds to a nyquist period, and since the sampling rates are relatively prime, the remainder theorem can be used to solve which nyquist period the frequency lies in, and further obtain a frequency value, which would otherwise be ambiguous.
In order to further improve the frequency measurement precision, the system also comprises an instantaneous frequency measurement module which is used for carrying out analog frequency measurement on the original narrow pulse signal to obtain a frequency interval of the original narrow pulse signal and inputting the frequency interval to the frequency calculation submodule, and the frequency calculation submodule simultaneously carries out frequency calculation on the multi-channel digital modulation signal in the frequency interval. If the maximum bandwidth of the 3-channel ADC is designed to be 6GHz, and the system requires 16GHz, the test frequency is periodically fuzzy, 3 solutions exist between 1GHz to 7GHz, 7GHz to 13GHz and 13GHz to 18GHz, and the frequency interval needs to be determined according to the instantaneous frequency measurement module and then is resolved.
Assuming a true frequency value of f0, the measured values for the three AD channels are:
F1＝f1/2*N1+f0；
F2＝f2/2*N2+f0；
F3＝f3/2*N3+f0；
wherein N1, N2 and N3 are integers, and F1, F2 and F3 are measured values of periodic variation. Assuming that N1, N2 and N3 are 0, then:
F1＝f0；
F2＝f0；
F3＝f0；
when N1 ═ f2/2 ═ f3/2, N2 ═ f1/2 ═ f3/2, N3 ═ f1/2 ═ f2/2,
F1＝f1/2*f2/2*f3/2+f0；
F2＝f1/2*f2/2*f3/2+f0；
F3＝f1/2*f2/2*f3/2+f0；
therefore, the equation has only one solution Fs in the period Fn, f1/2 f2/2 f3/2, and the repetition period of Fs is Fn, which is the maximum measurement bandwidth of the system. When the maximum bandwidth is smaller than the target design bandwidth, the frequency interval of Fn can be determined according to the frequency measurement result column of the instantaneous frequency measurement module, so that the actual frequency value Fp can be obtained.
For calculating the amplitude, as shown in fig. 3, the calculation module is provided with an amplitude calculation submodule, which includes a channel selection unit, a DDC filter unit, a square rate detection unit, and an amplitude evaluation unit.
And the channel selection unit selects one path of the received multi-path digital modulation signals according to a selection strategy and inputs the selected path of the received multi-path digital modulation signals to the DDC filtering unit. The initial frequency value is an actual frequency value Fs/Fp obtained by resolving, and the selection strategy specifically comprises the following steps: and selecting the digital modulation signal with the frequency initial value closest to the center position of the bandwidth, so that the precision of the measured amplitude value is higher. And if the actual test frequency value is 1.5GHz, selecting a 2.3GHz sampling rate channel to be close to the center of the bandwidth.
The DDC filtering unit, the square rate detection unit and the logarithm calculation unit sequentially perform DDC filtering, square operation and logarithm operation on the selected digital modulation signal to obtain the amplitude of the original narrow pulse signal.
In summary, the system adopts the signal receiving module to perform multi-channel radio frequency direct acquisition on the original narrow pulse signal with the pulse width of 10 ns-100 ns and the bandwidth of 0.8 GHz-18 GHz, adopts the modulation compression module to perform broadband modulation and ADC cross-prime sampling, adopts the calculation module to simultaneously realize frequency calculation and amplitude calculation, and further synthesizes high-precision PDW parameters (pulse description words including frequency, amplitude, pulse width and period), thereby realizing burst type narrow pulse width signal detection with the bandwidth of 0.8G-18 GHz and the pulse width of 10 ns-100 ns.
The following experiment verifies the detection effect of the system.
In simulation, the index requirements of the extremely narrow pulse are as follows: frequency range 0.8 GHz-18 GHz, power 50 dBm-0 dBm, pulse width (pw)10 ns-10 us, pulse width accuracy: the frequency measurement precision is better than 10ns (pw is less than or equal to 100ns), the frequency measurement precision is 15MHz (rms, pw is less than or equal to 10ns and less than or equal to 20ns), the frequency measurement precision is 10MHz (rms, pw is less than or equal to 0ns and less than or equal to 50ns), the frequency measurement precision is 3MHz (rms, pw is less than or equal to 50ns), and the rms represents the root mean square error.
The reference measurement part needs to meet the requirement that when the pulse width of the frequency measurement function is increased, the frequency measurement precision index can be gradually improved by fully utilizing intra-pulse information. Firstly, setting the pulse width of a signal to be 10ns and the minimum power to be-50 dBm, then degrading the broadband noise by 15dB after ADC sampling, leading the front-end noise coefficient to be 9dB, adopting 1.2Gbps sampling, wherein the effective bandwidth is 600MHz, and the total noise power is-114 +10 log10(600) +15+9 to be-62 dBm at the intermediate frequency of an AD acquisition front stage. At this time, the signal to noise ratio is 8 dB. The simulation diagram is shown in fig. 4.
The time domain envelope information of the signal and the real and imaginary parts of the signal are presented in fig. 4(a), and fig. 4(b) is the effect of amplitude quantized to dB compared to a fixed threshold set 7dB above noise floor to-55 dBm. It can be seen that a distinct pulse can be obtained in the time domain at the required minimum power input, and that a power overdetection threshold can produce a complete detection indication to obtain pulse width information.
The pulse width indexes are respectively set to 10ns, 20ns and 50ns, and the power of the pulse width measurement accuracy and the frequency measurement accuracy which change along with the signal is shown in fig. 5, wherein 10ns corresponds to (a) and (b) of fig. 5, 20ns corresponds to (c) and (d) of fig. 5, and 50ns corresponds to (e) and (f) of fig. 5. The precision value at the position of a power X axis of-50 dBm is taken, and a 10ns pulse width signal simulation graph shows that the pulse width measurement error is 2ns and the frequency measurement error is 10 MHz. 20ns and 50ns pulse width signal detection simulation shows that the precision value at the position of-50 dBm of signal intensity is smaller than a 10ns signal, the minimum detection signal of the system can reach 10ns, and the system for time domain rapid detection can meet the performance index requirement of frequency measurement.
Following the simulation of the amplitude measurement with a 10ns signal, the result is shown in fig. 6, where the amplitude accuracy of the signal is seen to be within 1 dB.
Corresponding to the above system, this embodiment further provides a method for detecting a narrow pulse based on a compression receiver, which specifically includes the steps of:
s1: receiving 1 path of original narrow pulse signals with the pulse width of 10 ns-100 ns and the bandwidth of 0.8 GHz-18 GHz, and dividing the amplified power into multiple paths of sub narrow pulse signals;
s2: carrying out broadband modulation and ADC (analog to digital converter) sampling on each path of sub narrow pulse signals in sequence, and outputting a plurality of paths of digital modulation signals;
s3: and processing the received multi-channel digital modulation signals to obtain the PDW parameter of the narrow pulse signal.
Further, the step S2 is specifically:
s2: carrying out broadband modulation and ADC (analog to digital converter) conversion on each path of input sub narrow pulse signals in sequence to obtain a plurality of paths of digital modulation signals; the analog bandwidth is expanded to 18GHz when each path of narrow pulse signal is subjected to broadband modulation, and the sampling rates of the multiple paths of narrow pulse signals are relatively prime when ADC (analog-to-digital converter) conversion is carried out.
Further, the step S3 specifically includes the steps of:
carrying out frequency calculation on the received multi-channel digital modulation signals according to a remainder theorem to obtain the frequency of the original narrow pulse signal;
carrying out amplitude calculation on the received multi-channel digital modulation signals to obtain the amplitude of the original narrow pulse signals; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) selecting one path from the received multi-path digital modulation signals to participate in amplitude calculation according to a selection strategy;
2) and carrying out DDC filtering, square operation and logarithm operation on the selected digital modulation signal in sequence to obtain the amplitude of the original narrow pulse signal.
Further, an ultra-wideband compressed sensing method for multi-channel radio frequency direct sampling further comprises the following steps:
carrying out analog frequency measurement on the original narrow pulse signal to obtain a frequency interval of the original narrow pulse signal;
step S3 is to perform frequency calculation on the multiple digital modulation signals simultaneously in the frequency interval.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The ultra-wideband compressed sensing system for multi-channel radio frequency direct acquisition is characterized by comprising a signal receiving module, a modulation compression module and a calculation module;
the signal receiving module is used for receiving 1 path of original narrow pulse signals with the pulse width of 10 ns-100 ns and the bandwidth of 0.8 GHz-18 GHz, dividing the amplification power into multiple paths of sub narrow pulse signals and inputting the sub narrow pulse signals to the modulation compression module;
the modulation compression module is used for carrying out broadband modulation and ADC sampling on each path of sub narrow pulse signal in sequence and outputting a plurality of paths of digital modulation signals to the calculation module;
and the calculation module is used for processing the received multipath digital modulation signals to obtain the PDW parameter of the narrow pulse signal.
2. The ultra-wideband compressed sensing system for multi-channel radio frequency direct sampling according to claim 1, wherein: the modulation compression module comprises a plurality of broadband modulation circuits and a plurality of ADC (analog to digital converter) conversion circuits which are in one-to-one correspondence with the broadband modulation circuits, and the broadband modulation circuit and the ADC conversion circuit on each channel are used for carrying out broadband modulation and ADC conversion on input sub-narrow pulse signals in sequence so as to obtain a plurality of paths of digital modulation signals; the sampling rates of the plurality of ADC conversion circuits are relatively prime; each broadband modulation circuit extends the analog bandwidth to 18 GHz.
3. The ultra-wideband compressed sensing system for multi-channel radio frequency direct sampling according to claim 2, wherein: the calculation module is provided with a frequency calculation submodule, and the frequency calculation submodule is used for carrying out frequency calculation on the received multi-channel digital modulation signals according to the remainder theorem to obtain the frequency of the original narrow pulse signals.
4. The ultra-wideband compressed sensing system for multi-channel radio frequency direct sampling according to claim 2 or 3, wherein: the calculation module is provided with an amplitude calculation submodule, and the amplitude meter submodule comprises a channel selection unit, a DDC filtering unit, a square rate detection unit and an amplitude calculation unit;
the channel selection unit is used for selecting one path of the received multi-path digital modulation signals according to a selection strategy and inputting the selected path of the received multi-path digital modulation signals to the DDC filtering unit;
the DDC filtering unit, the square rate detection unit and the logarithm calculation unit are used for carrying out DDC filtering, square operation and logarithm operation on the selected digital modulation signal in sequence to obtain the amplitude of the original narrow pulse signal.
5. The UWB compressed sensing system of claim 4 wherein the selection policy is: and selecting the digital modulation signal with the frequency initial value closest to the center position of the bandwidth.
6. The ultra-wideband compressed sensing system of claim 3, further comprising an instantaneous frequency measurement module, configured to perform analog frequency measurement on the original narrow-pulse signal to obtain a frequency interval of the original narrow-pulse signal, and input the frequency interval to the frequency calculation sub-module, where the frequency calculation sub-module performs frequency calculation on multiple digital modulation signals within the frequency interval.
7. A multi-channel radio frequency direct acquisition ultra-wideband compressed sensing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: receiving 1 path of original narrow pulse signals with the pulse width of 10 ns-100 ns and the bandwidth of 0.8 GHz-18 GHz, and dividing the amplified power into multiple paths of sub narrow pulse signals;
s2: carrying out broadband modulation and ADC (analog to digital converter) sampling on each path of sub narrow pulse signals in sequence, and outputting a plurality of paths of digital modulation signals;
s3: and processing the received multi-channel digital modulation signals to obtain the PDW parameter of the narrow pulse signal.
8. The ultra-wideband compressed sensing method for multi-channel radio frequency direct sampling according to claim 7, wherein the step S2 specifically includes:
s2: carrying out broadband modulation and ADC (analog to digital converter) conversion on each path of input sub narrow pulse signals in sequence to obtain a plurality of paths of digital modulation signals; the analog bandwidth is expanded to 18GHz when each path of narrow pulse signal is subjected to broadband modulation, and the sampling rates of the multiple paths of narrow pulse signals are relatively prime when ADC (analog-to-digital converter) conversion is carried out.
9. The ultra-wideband compressed sensing method for multi-channel radio frequency direct sampling according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the step S3 specifically includes the steps of:
carrying out frequency calculation on the received multi-channel digital modulation signals according to a remainder theorem to obtain the frequency of the original narrow pulse signal;
carrying out amplitude calculation on the received multi-channel digital modulation signals to obtain the amplitude of the original narrow pulse signals; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) selecting one path from the received multi-path digital modulation signals to participate in amplitude calculation according to a selection strategy;
2) and carrying out DDC filtering, square operation and logarithm operation on the selected digital modulation signal in sequence to obtain the amplitude of the original narrow pulse signal.
10. The ultra-wideband compressed sensing method for multi-channel radio frequency direct sampling according to claim 9, further comprising the steps of:
carrying out analog frequency measurement on the original narrow pulse signal to obtain a frequency interval of the original narrow pulse signal;
step S3 is to perform frequency calculation on the multiple digital modulation signals simultaneously in the frequency interval.
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