CN113236248A - Method for calculating crest truncation angle by considering breakage process of cantilever structure - Google Patents

Method for calculating crest truncation angle by considering breakage process of cantilever structure Download PDF

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CN113236248A
CN113236248A CN202110525064.3A CN202110525064A CN113236248A CN 113236248 A CN113236248 A CN 113236248A CN 202110525064 A CN202110525064 A CN 202110525064A CN 113236248 A CN113236248 A CN 113236248A
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rock
height
rock stratum
top plate
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CN113236248B (en
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姚强岭
夏泽
刘梓昌
马军强
徐强
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C39/00—Devices for testing in situ the hardness or other properties of minerals, e.g. for giving information as to the selection of suitable mining tools
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
    • E21F15/005—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings characterised by the kind or composition of the backfilling material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
    • E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices

Abstract

The invention provides a method for calculating a crest truncation angle in consideration of a cantilever structure breaking process, and relates to the technical field of mining engineering. The method comprises the following steps: calculating the collapse height of the top plate, and determining the mechanical property of the rock stratum within the range of the collapse height of the top plate; calculating the ultimate overhanging length of the rock stratum, and judging the breaking characteristics of each rock stratum according to the roof caving angle; and setting a top cutting height according to the breaking characteristics of each rock stratum, wherein the top cutting height is higher than the upper boundary of the top plate rock stratum of the highest layer in the top plate caving range. After the tunneling is finished, calculating the caving height of the top plate by using the method according to the engineering geological conditions of the working face; in order to better prevent the roadway from deforming and even damaging under the action of excessive surrounding rock stress, the caving roof should be filled with a goaf as much as possible so as to bear the overburden. In addition, the method reasonably determines the roof cutting height, improves the mining efficiency and ensures the roof cutting effect.

Description

Method for calculating crest truncation angle by considering breakage process of cantilever structure
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mining engineering, in particular to a method for calculating a crest truncation angle in consideration of a cantilever structure breaking process.
Background
With the increasing demand for raw coal production, the excavation footage of stoping tunnels is also increasing year by year in coal mining. In addition, with the increase of the mining depth and the mining intensity, the influence of the stability control of the mining roadway on the safe and efficient production of the mine is larger and larger. At present, gob-side entry driving and gob-side entry retaining technologies are generally adopted in eastern part mining areas, stability control of surrounding rocks is achieved by avoiding lateral support pressure peak values, and good technical effects are achieved. Due to the fact that mining intensity of part of mining areas in the west is high, double-lane arrangement and even multi-lane arrangement are mostly adopted and still are the main-stream lane arrangement mode. Gob-side entry driving and gob-side entry retaining are carried out under the influence of strong mining in western mining areas, and roof cutting pressure relief technology is necessary to be combined to further optimize the surrounding rock stress of the stoping roadway. The roof striding structure can be changed on the one hand by adopting the roof cutting and pressure relief technology to cut off the cantilever structure, the length of the cantilever is reduced, the lateral supporting pressure is reduced, the stress environment of the roadway is improved, on the other hand, the collapse of the cantilever structure can be promoted to bear the overlying strata of the goaf, and the influence of the roof movement on the roadway is reduced.
In the prior art, commonly used top-cutting pressure relief technologies comprise energy-gathered blasting top-cutting pressure relief and hydraulic fracturing top-cutting pressure relief. In recent years, roof cutting pressure relief technologies such as dense drilling weakened roof cutting pressure relief, static blasting roof cutting pressure relief and the like are also popularized and applied. However, regardless of the top-cutting pressure relief process, the top-cutting height is one of the key critical technical parameters. The commonly used method for calculating the roof cutting height at present calculates according to the mining height of a coal bed and the breaking and swelling coefficient of a roof rock stratum. The method is theoretically feasible, but in the application process, the collapse characteristic of a rock stratum is neglected, so that the design result generally exceeds the reasonable roof cutting height, although the expected roof cutting pressure relief effect can be achieved, the roof cutting height is increased, the cost and the labor intensity are increased, and the efficient recovery of a mine is further influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to reasonably determine the top cutting height, improve the mining efficiency and ensure the top cutting effect, the invention provides a top cutting angle calculation method considering the breakage process of a cantilever structure, and the specific technical scheme is as follows.
A method for calculating a crest cutting angle considering a cantilever structure breaking process comprises the following steps:
s1, calculating the caving height of the top plate, and specifically determining the range of the caving height of the top plate according to the mining height, the caving height of the top plate, the rock stratum broken expansion coefficient, the rock stratum thickness and the weighted average initial broken expansion coefficient;
s2, determining the mechanical properties of the rock stratum within the range of the collapse height of the top plate, wherein the mechanical properties comprise uniaxial compressive strength, uniaxial tensile strength and elastic modulus;
s3, respectively calculating the limit overhanging length of each rock stratum, and judging the breaking characteristics of each rock stratum according to the roof caving angle;
and S4, setting a top cutting height according to the breaking characteristics of each rock stratum, wherein the top cutting height is higher than the upper boundary of the top plate rock stratum of the highest layer in the top plate collapse range.
Preferably, the roof caving height satisfies the relation:
∑hm+M-kp∑hm＝0
wherein M is the mining height, M; h isqIs the roof collapse height, m; k is a radical ofiThe rock formation crushing expansion coefficient of the ith rock formation; h isiThe thickness of the ith rock stratum is respectively; k is a radical ofpIs a weighted average of the initial coefficient of fragment expansion.
Preferably, the mechanical property of the rock stratum within the range of the collapse height of the top plate is observed by a drilling peeking method, and various lithological rock stratums are divided into a plurality of rock stratums according to the observation result and the structural weak plane.
It is further preferred that the ultimate cantilever length l of each of said formationsiComprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003065510030000021
wherein h isiIs the formation thickness of the ith formation; q. q.siThe strata load concentration of the ith strata; [ sigma ]tm]The uniaxial tensile strength of the formation.
It is further preferred that the actual cantilever length L of each of said rock formationsiComprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003065510030000022
∑hiis the formation height;
Figure BDA0003065510030000023
the top plate is exposed at a falling angle.
It is further preferred that the actual overhang length L isiNot less than limit overhang length liDetermining the type of the rock stratum to be a roof rock stratum which is easy to collapse; the actual overhang length Li< ultimate overhang length liAnd determining the rock stratum type as a roof rock stratum difficult to collapse.
Further preferably, the formation type of each of the formations is determined according to the thickness, uniaxial tensile strength, formation load concentration, ultimate overhang length and actual overhang length of each of the formations.
It is further preferred that the uniaxial compressive strength, uniaxial tensile strength and elastic modulus of the rock formation are determined from collected measurements of the roadway surrounding rock samples.
It is further preferred that the angle of the truncated ends is determined based on the actual overhang length and the height of the truncated ends.
The invention provides a method for calculating a crest truncation angle in consideration of a cantilever structure breaking process, which has the beneficial effects that: the method is used for calculating the caving height of the top plate, so that the deformation and even damage of the roadway under the action of overlarge surrounding rock stress can be better prevented, and the caving top plate fills the goaf as much as possible so as to bear the overburden strata; the method considers the limit overhanging length and the actual overhanging length of each rock stratum, so that the obtained roof cutting height is more scientific and reasonable, the reduction of the production efficiency due to the too large roof cutting height can be avoided, and the consumption of manpower and material resources and the increase of the production cost are reduced.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments or technical solutions of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of calculating a cut-top angle for a cantilever structure breaking process;
figure 2 roadway roof lithology map in example 2;
FIG. 3 is a mechanical model diagram of a top plate cantilever structure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a mechanical model of a formation cantilever structure before severing of the lower cantilever structure;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a mechanical model of a formation cantilever structure after the cutting of the lower cantilever structure.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the present invention provides a method for calculating a truncated angle in consideration of a breaking process of a cantilever structure, as follows.
Example 1
And after the tunneling of the tunnel is finished, calculating the collapse height of the top plate according to the engineering geological conditions of the working face. In order to better prevent the roadway from deforming and even damaging under the action of excessive surrounding rock stress, the caving roof should fill the goaf as much as possible to bear the overburden.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for calculating a topping angle considering a breaking process of a cantilever structure includes the following specific steps:
s1, calculating the caving height of the top plate, and specifically determining the range of the caving height of the top plate according to the mining height, the caving height of the top plate, the rock stratum broken expansion coefficient, the rock stratum thickness and the weighted average initial broken expansion coefficient.
The caving height of the top plate meets the relation:
∑hm+M-kp∑hm＝0
wherein M is the mining height, M; h isqIs the roof collapse height, m; k is a radical ofiThe rock formation crushing expansion coefficient of the ith rock formation; h isiThe thickness of the ith rock stratum is respectively; k is a radical ofpIs a weighted average of the initial coefficient of fragment expansion.
S2, determining the mechanical properties of the rock stratum within the range of the collapse height of the top plate, wherein the mechanical properties comprise uniaxial compressive strength, uniaxial tensile strength and elastic modulus. And the uniaxial compressive strength, uniaxial tensile strength and elastic modulus of the rock stratum are determined according to the measurement of the collected rock sample of the roadway surrounding rock.
And observing the surrounding rock structure of the top plate by a drilling peeking method according to the mechanical properties of the rock stratum within the collapse height range of the top plate, and dividing various lithologic rock stratums into a plurality of rock stratums according to the observation result and the structural weak plane.
Because the sedimentary rock stratum of the top plate of the coal-series roadway has typical layering characteristics, namely, the cementation between rock stratums is weak, and even the sedimentary rock of the same layer is easily delaminated after being influenced by dynamic pressure due to structural weaknesses such as bedding and the like caused by different factors such as temperature, pressure and the like in diagenesis and the subsequent process. And observing the surrounding rock structure in the caving range of the top plate by using a drilling peeking method, and further dividing the top plate rock layer. And meanwhile, collecting rock samples of the surrounding rocks of the roadway, measuring mechanical parameters of the rock samples, and converting the mechanical parameters into rock mechanical parameters.
And S3, respectively calculating the limit overhanging length and the actual overhanging length of each rock stratum, and judging the breaking characteristics of each rock stratum according to the roof caving angle.
Ultimate cantilever length l of each of said rock formationsiComprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003065510030000041
wherein h isiIs the formation thickness of the ith formation; q. q.siThe strata load concentration of the ith strata; [ sigma ]tm]The uniaxial tensile strength of the formation.
Actual cantilever length L of each of the rock formationsiComprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003065510030000042
∑hiis the formation height;
Figure BDA0003065510030000043
the top plate is exposed at a falling angle.
Actual overhang length LiNot less than limit overhang length liAnd determining the type of the rock stratum to be the roof rock stratum which is easy to collapse. Actual overhang length Li< ultimate overhang length liAnd determining the rock stratum type as a roof rock stratum difficult to collapse. The rock stratum type of each rock stratum is determined according to the thickness, the uniaxial tensile strength, the rock stratum load concentration, the ultimate overhanging length and the actual overhanging length of each rock stratum.
And S4, setting a top cutting height according to the breaking characteristics of each rock stratum, wherein the top cutting height is higher than the upper boundary of the top plate rock stratum of the highest layer in the top plate collapse range.
The reasonable roof cutting height is to cut off all the difficult-to-collapse rock stratums within the collapse height range of the roof, and make full use of the collapse characteristics of the easy-to-collapse rock stratums to cause the high-level easy-to-collapse rock stratums to naturally collapse. Wherein the top cutting angle is determined according to the actual overhanging length and the top cutting height.
The method can calculate the caving height of the roof, better prevent the roadway from deforming or even damaging under the action of overlarge surrounding rock stress, and fill the goaf as much as possible by the caving roof so as to bear the overburden stratum; in addition, the method also considers the limit overhanging length and the actual overhanging length of each rock stratum, so the obtained roof cutting height is more scientific and reasonable, the reduction of the production efficiency due to the overlarge roof cutting height can be avoided, and the consumption of manpower and material resources and the increase of the production cost are reduced.
Example 2
The design of the roof cutting pressure relief height under the condition of a certain mine hard roof is further explained on the basis of the example 1. The lithology of the top and bottom plates of the mine cut-top roadway is shown in figure 2, wherein the direct top is fine sandstone with the average thickness of 3.6m, the basic top is siltstone-fine sandstone-medium sandstone with the average thickness of 11.1m, the direct bottom is mudstone with the average thickness of 3.3m, and the old bottom is sandy mudstone with the average thickness of 6.9 m.
S1, caving height sigma h of roofqAnd (6) performing calculation. In order to better prevent the deformation and even damage of the roadway under the action of overlarge surrounding rock stress, a roof cutting means is adopted to cut off the mechanical connection between the cantilever structure and the roadway roof, and the goaf can be fully filled after the roof falls within the roof falling height range to bear the overburden, namely, the requirements are met:
∑hq+M-kp∑hiki＝0
m is the mining height, 3.5M; h isqIs the roof collapse height, m; k is a radical ofpTaking 1.2-1.3 as the weighted average initial crushing expansion coefficient.
And (3) calculation and determination: 11.3m ≤ Σ hq≤17.0m
And S2, observing the surrounding rock structure in the collapse range of the top plate by using a drilling peeking method, and further dividing the top plate rock layer. Rock samples of roadway surrounding rocks are collected according to the roof rock layer division result, mechanical parameters of the rock samples are measured and converted into rock mechanical parameters according to a parameter conversion method, and the parameter conversion result is shown in table 1.
Table 1 table of results of mechanical property test and parameter conversion of roof of cut-top roadway
Figure BDA0003065510030000051
And S3, calculating the ultimate overhanging length of each rock stratum, judging the breaking characteristic of each rock stratum according to the roof caving angle, and classifying the rock stratum into a roof stratum easy to collapse and a roof stratum difficult to collapse. Fig. 3 shows a mechanical model of the top plate cantilever structure, and the determination principle is as follows: the top plate caving height range has m layers of rock stratums. L isiThe actual overhanging length of the ith rock stratum is taken as the actual overhanging length of the ith rock stratum; liThe ultimate suspension elongation of the ith rock stratum is obtained; h isiThe thickness of the ith layer of rock stratum is shown;∑hiis the ith layer height;
Figure BDA0003065510030000052
the top plate is at a falling angle, and is usually small under the condition of a hard top plate, and the angle is 30 degrees; q. q.siThe load concentration of the ith rock stratum is obtained; miIs the internal bending moment of the ith formation.
Establishing a cantilever structure mechanical model of the ith rock stratum, as shown in fig. 4, knowing that the maximum bending moment borne by the ith rock stratum structure is as follows according to the moment balance relation:
Figure BDA0003065510030000053
and obtaining the maximum tensile stress borne by the ith rock stratum structure according to the relation between the stress and the bending moment as follows:
Figure BDA0003065510030000054
the limited suspension elongation of the ith rock stratum is as follows:
Figure BDA0003065510030000055
as shown in FIG. 5, assume that the i-1 st ceiling is cut, i.e./i-1The ultimate suspension elongation l of the ith rock stratum is reduced as shown in the formulaiAnd is reduced accordingly. Meanwhile, the actual overhang of the ith rock stratum can be calculated by the top plate falling angle and the ith rock stratum position:
Figure BDA0003065510030000056
when the actual cantilever length of the ith rock stratum is greater than the limit cantilever length of the ith rock stratum, the relation is satisfied:
Li＞li
namely, the ith rock stratum can automatically collapse and is defined as an easily-collapsed rock stratum; on the contrary, when the actual cantilever length of the ith rock stratum is less than or equal to the limit cantilever length of the ith rock stratum, the relation is satisfied:
Li≤li
namely, the ith rock stratum cannot be automatically collapsed, and is defined as a difficult-to-collapse rock stratum.
And judging the roof caving performance of the coal mine cut-top roadway according to the mechanical parameters of the surrounding rock mass of the coal mine cut-top roadway, wherein the judgment result of the roof caving characteristic of the cut-top roadway is shown in a table 2.
TABLE 2 judgment results of roof caving characteristics of cut-top roadway
Figure BDA0003065510030000061
And S4, designing the top cutting height according to the fracture characteristics of each rock stratum. Wherein the reasonable top plate collapse height is 11.3m-17.0 m. As can be seen from the determination result in step S3, when the roof cutting height is 7.2m, the roof collapse height can satisfy the requirement. I.e., the design reference value for the height of the truncated end is 7.2 m. In consideration of the complexity and the variability of actual formation occurrence conditions, the crest truncation height is determined to be 8.0 m.
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make modifications, alterations, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A method for calculating a crest cutting angle in consideration of a cantilever structure breaking process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, calculating the caving height of the top plate, and specifically determining the range of the caving height of the top plate according to the mining height, the caving height of the top plate, the rock stratum broken expansion coefficient, the rock stratum thickness and the weighted average initial broken expansion coefficient;
s2, determining the mechanical properties of the rock stratum within the range of the collapse height of the top plate, wherein the mechanical properties comprise uniaxial compressive strength, uniaxial tensile strength and elastic modulus;
s3, respectively calculating the limit overhanging length of each rock stratum, and judging the breaking characteristics of each rock stratum according to the roof caving angle;
and S4, setting a top cutting height according to the breaking characteristics of each rock stratum, wherein the top cutting height is higher than the upper boundary of the top plate rock stratum of the highest layer in the top plate collapse range.
2. The method for calculating the crest angle considering the fracture process of the cantilever structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the top plate collapse height satisfies the relation:
∑hm+M-kp∑hm＝0
wherein M is the mining height, M; h isqIs the roof collapse height, m; k is a radical ofiThe rock formation crushing expansion coefficient of the ith rock formation; h isiThe thickness of the ith rock stratum is respectively; k is a radical ofpIs a weighted average of the initial coefficient of fragment expansion.
3. The method for calculating the crest angle considering the fracture process of the cantilever structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mechanical properties of the rock formation within the range of the collapse height of the top plate are observed for the surrounding rock structure of the top plate by a borehole peeping method, and the rock formations of various lithologies are divided into a plurality of rock formations according to the observation results and the structural weak plane.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the ultimate overhang length l of each of the rock formations is calculated by considering a crest angle of the fracture of the cantilever structureiComprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0003065510020000011
wherein h isiIs the formation thickness of the ith formation; q. q.siThe strata load concentration of the ith strata; [ sigma ]tm]The uniaxial tensile strength of the formation.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein each of the top-cut angles is calculated in consideration of a breakage process of the cantilever structureActual cantilever length L of said rock formationiComprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0003065510020000012
∑hiis the formation height;
Figure FDA0003065510020000013
the top plate is exposed at a falling angle.
6. The method for calculating the crest angle considering the process of breaking the cantilever structure as claimed in claim 4, wherein the actual overhang length L isiNot less than limit overhang length liDetermining the type of the rock stratum to be a roof rock stratum which is easy to collapse; the actual overhang length Li< ultimate overhang length liAnd determining the rock stratum type as a roof rock stratum difficult to collapse.
7. The method for calculating the cut-top angle considering the fracturing process of the cantilever structure as claimed in claim 6, wherein the type of each rock stratum is determined according to the thickness, uniaxial tensile strength, rock stratum load concentration, ultimate overhang length and actual overhang length of each rock stratum.
8. The method for calculating the cut top angle considering the process of breaking the cantilever structure according to claim 1, wherein the uniaxial compressive strength, uniaxial tensile strength and elastic modulus of the rock formation are determined according to the collected measurement of the rock sample of the surrounding rock of the roadway.
9. The method for calculating the truncation angle according to claim 1, wherein the truncation angle is determined according to an actual overhanging length and a truncation height.
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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107882592A (en) * 2017-11-29 2018-04-06 中国神华能源股份有限公司 A kind of assay method and electronic equipment of coal mine underground reservoir coefficient of storage
CN110781597A (en) * 2019-10-29 2020-02-11 中国矿业大学 Method for calculating roof cutting height based on roof cutting weakening of coal mine
CN111859702A (en) * 2020-07-29 2020-10-30 中煤能源研究院有限责任公司 Method for judging dangerousness of rock burst
CN112182859A (en) * 2020-09-16 2021-01-05 山东省邱集煤矿有限公司 Composite limestone top plate collapse control method
CN112434458A (en) * 2020-12-11 2021-03-02 安徽理工大学 Deep well gob-side roadway drilling blasting roof cutting pressure relief model and parameter determination method

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107882592A (en) * 2017-11-29 2018-04-06 中国神华能源股份有限公司 A kind of assay method and electronic equipment of coal mine underground reservoir coefficient of storage
CN110781597A (en) * 2019-10-29 2020-02-11 中国矿业大学 Method for calculating roof cutting height based on roof cutting weakening of coal mine
CN111859702A (en) * 2020-07-29 2020-10-30 中煤能源研究院有限责任公司 Method for judging dangerousness of rock burst
CN112182859A (en) * 2020-09-16 2021-01-05 山东省邱集煤矿有限公司 Composite limestone top plate collapse control method
CN112434458A (en) * 2020-12-11 2021-03-02 安徽理工大学 Deep well gob-side roadway drilling blasting roof cutting pressure relief model and parameter determination method

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