CN113235552B - Method for filling roadbed by using large-diameter broken stone through dynamic compaction - Google Patents
Method for filling roadbed by using large-diameter broken stone through dynamic compaction Download PDFInfo
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- CN113235552B CN113235552B CN202110581238.8A CN202110581238A CN113235552B CN 113235552 B CN113235552 B CN 113235552B CN 202110581238 A CN202110581238 A CN 202110581238A CN 113235552 B CN113235552 B CN 113235552B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C3/00—Foundations for pavings
- E01C3/04—Foundations produced by soil stabilisation
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D1/00—Investigation of foundation soil in situ
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
- E02D3/046—Improving by compacting by tamping or vibrating, e.g. with auxiliary watering of the soil
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for filling a roadbed by using large-block-diameter broken stones through dynamic compaction, which effectively solves the problems of uneven thickness, large fluctuation of a bed rock surface, difficult control of filler gradation and particle size, large compressibility and poor compaction effect of the broken stones filled in the roadbed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of roadbed construction, and particularly relates to a method for filling a roadbed by using large-diameter broken stones through dynamic compaction.
Background
With the expansion of the basic construction scale of China and the enhancement of the farmland protection policy, the construction land is increasingly tense. In recent years, a large number of basic construction projects such as airports, expressways and the like adopt artificial land making methods such as mountain digging and ditch filling, mountain digging and sea filling and the like to solve construction land; the high-fill foundations of the foundation construction projects are mostly filled by mountain-opening rock blocks, most of the rock block filling is mixed with surface cohesive soil, the rock is sandstone, shale, limestone and the like, the filling mode is mostly artificial unorganized throwing filling, gaps among fillers are large, and the particle sizes of the fillers are extremely uneven. Meanwhile, the traditional processing method of the filled foundation is a layered rolling method, compaction basically adopts two modes of compaction and vibration, and even mud rocks and sandstone rock blocks with low strength are difficult to crush in the mode; the grinding method has higher requirements on the particle size and the grading of the gravel filler, the backfill method and the construction process, and can avoid the formation of an overhead structure in the filled soil only by carrying out secondary crushing and then compacting on some large stones. Under the current macro backfill scale, the tamping quality and the processing requirement are difficult to ensure by adopting the traditional layered rolling method. Meanwhile, the compaction function of layering rolling is very small, the influence depth of layering rolling is limited, the thickness of the layering rolling is thin, the layers are in surface contact, embedding and meshing cannot be formed between the upper layer and the lower layer, and the stability of the foundation is also unfavorable. The characteristics obviously cannot meet the requirement of filling the roadbed by using the boulders in the aspects of construction quality, construction period, economic benefit and the like, so that the roadbed can be filled by using a dynamic compaction method in combination with actual requirements.
The dynamic compaction method for treating the roadbed is characterized in that a heavy hammer is freely dropped from a high place (the drop distance is generally 6-40 m) to apply strong impact force and compaction to the roadbed, so that the strength of roadbed soil is improved, and the compressibility of the roadbed soil is reduced. The dynamic compaction method has the advantages of simple use of mechanical equipment, good compaction effect, high construction speed, low cost, simple and convenient operation, capability of effectively improving the bearing capacity and stability of the roadbed and the like, thereby being widely applied to the construction of the road roadbed. Through dynamic compaction construction on the road foundation, the foundation consolidation speed can be accelerated, the foundation consolidation time is shortened, the foundation settlement is effectively controlled, and the lasting stability of the roadbed is ensured.
However, in the construction process of the high-fill dynamic compaction roadbed, when large-block-diameter crushed stones are used as fillers for filling, the thickness of the crushed stones filled in the roadbed is uneven, the fluctuation of the surface of the roadbed is large, the grading and the particle size of the fillers are difficult to control, the compressibility is large, the compaction effect is poor, and the crushed stones can be used as a bearing stratum of an upper structure foundation after effective treatment.
The invention patent application with the application number of CN201210484045.1 discloses a construction method for a curbstone slip form, wherein the road arch cross slope of a road is 2%, and the curbstone cross slope is 3%, and the construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of a, providing a stone base layer along a road, b, lofting along a stone side line, c, positioning along a stone slip form machine, d, mixing and transporting concrete, e, paving, f, paving mortar on the top surface of the concrete, g, manually polishing, h, maintaining, i, cutting and filling. The construction method of the curbstone slip form has the advantages of saving the traditional complex procedures of prefabricating, installing and transporting the curbstone, simplifying and clarifying the manufacture of the curbstone, ensuring smoother and more attractive line shape, less joints and consistent color and luster, greatly prolonging the service life of the curbstone and reducing the maintenance cost. However, the method may deform in the using process, the stability is not good, and the requirement of the embankment engineering cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for dynamically compacting and filling a roadbed by using large-diameter gravel soil as a filler, aiming at the existing problems, so that the bearing capacity and stability of the roadbed can be effectively improved, a better roadbed compacting effect is achieved, the method has important practical significance for widening the selection of the high-fill and dynamic-compaction roadbed filler, and large-diameter gravel can be used as a bearing layer of an upper structure foundation without secondary treatment.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention discloses a method for filling a roadbed by using large blocks through broken stones by dynamic compaction, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(a) construction preparation: checking whether the abrasion degree of the rammer and the drop distance of the rammer meet the design requirements; leveling the field, measuring the elevation of the field to meet the requirement of the elevation of the ramming-starting surface, removing the raised area of the ground and digging out the raised amount at the right time, keeping the elevation of the ramming-starting surface unchanged, and backfilling gravelly soil in the sunken area of the ground until the elevation of the ramming-starting surface is reached;
(b) the first ramming construction step: performing point tamping for the first time, marking tamping point positions, and measuring the elevation of a field; the rammer is placed at a ramming point position through a crane, and the hoisting height of the rammer is determined according to ramming energy; measuring the elevation of the top of the hammer before ramming, starting a unhooking device, after the hammer unhooking freely falls down, putting down a lifting hook, measuring the elevation of the top of the hammer, calculating and recording the ramming amount of the point, stopping ramming when the ramming pit is too deep and the hammer is difficult to start, filling the ramming pit first, and performing next point ramming;
(c) shifting the crane to the next tamping point, repeating the step (b), finishing the tamping construction test of the first tamping point by adopting a method of jumping from inside to outside in an interlaced manner, and recording;
(d) and (3) performing secondary point ramming construction: filling the tamping pits by adopting a bulldozer, rolling and tamping the road surface by using a road roller, measuring the elevation of the field, and determining the time for secondary point tamping according to the actual situation of the measured field; after the determined interval time is reached, finishing the second tamping, leveling the field and measuring the leveled elevation after the second tamping is finished;
(e) and (3) full-ramming construction: after the second time of point tamping is finished, determining interval time according to the actual situation of the measuring field, and after the interval time is reached, tamping the tamped field in the whole area by adopting low energy, wherein the height of a full tamping falling hammer is determined according to the weight of the hammer and the tamping energy, and tamping marks 1/4 are overlapped with each other;
(f) the effect detection and the leveling and rolling construction steps are as follows: after the full ramming construction is finished, detecting a roadbed: detecting the dynamic compaction effect by adopting a cone dynamic sounding method; measuring the compactness of the subgrade after dynamic compaction by adopting a sand filling method; randomly extracting tamping points, measuring tamping settlement and detecting dynamic compaction effect; and after the full-tamping construction is finished, detecting that the full-tamping construction reaches the specified flatness and compactness, and measuring the elevation of the compacted field to finish the construction of the dynamic-tamping filling roadbed.
Further, the weight of the rammer is 10-30t, the drop distance of the rammer is 10-20m, and the ramming energy is obtained by calculating the formula W-wh, wherein W is the weight of the rammer, and h is the drop distance of the rammer.
Further, the effective dynamic compaction influence depth is obtained according to the tamping energy, and the calculation of the effective dynamic compaction influence depthThe formula is as follows,
in the formula, alpha is a correction coefficient, w is the weight of the rammer, and h is the drop distance of the rammer, and the unit is m.
Further, in the construction preparation step (a), the mass ratio of the gravel soil and the soil for backfilling the ground sunken area is 2.5:7.5-3: 1.
Furthermore, the dynamic compaction energy level is 1000 kN.m-6000 kN.m, and the dynamic compaction layering virtual paving thickness is 4-6 m.
Furthermore, the crane adopts a layered filling method for foundation backfill, and the crane backfills in layers with the thickness of 0.8-1.2 m.
The invention has the following technical effects:
the invention provides a method for dynamically compacting and filling a roadbed by using large-diameter gravel soil as a filler, which can effectively improve the bearing capacity and stability of the roadbed, achieve better roadbed compacting effect, have important practical significance for the construction of a high-fill dynamically-compacted roadbed, and enable the large-diameter gravel to be used as a bearing layer of an upper structure foundation without secondary treatment.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
1. the invention fills the roadbed by using large-block-diameter broken stones, has small deformation and strong stability, can meet the requirements of embankment engineering and prolong the service life of the highway.
2. The invention has the advantages of local material, simple construction, reasonable technology, economy, environmental protection and low investment; the filling quality is easy to control, the cost for purchasing and transporting high-quality filler can be greatly saved, and the method has important economic and social benefits.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the construction process of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a comparison graph of effective depth of the dynamic compaction of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
In the embodiment, the adopted data is a preferred scheme, but is not used for limiting the invention;
as shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a method for filling a roadbed by using a large-diameter gravel dynamic compaction, which includes the following steps:
(a) construction preparation: checking whether the abrasion degree of the rammer and the drop distance of the rammer meet the design requirements; leveling the field, measuring the elevation of the field to meet the standard height requirement of the ramming-up surface, clearing a raised area on the ground, digging out the raised area in time, keeping the standard height of the ramming-up surface unchanged, and backfilling gravels in a sunken area on the ground until the standard height of the ramming-up surface is reached;
(b) the first ramming construction step: performing point tamping for the first time, marking tamping point positions, and measuring the elevation of a field; the rammer is placed at a ramming point position through a crane, and the hoisting height of the rammer is determined according to ramming energy; measuring the elevation of the top of the hammer before ramming, starting a unhooking device, after the hammer unhooking freely falls down, putting down a lifting hook, measuring the elevation of the top of the hammer, calculating and recording the ramming amount of the impact, stopping ramming when a ramming pit is too deep and the hammer is difficult to start, filling the ramming pit first, and then performing next point ramming;
(c) moving the crane to the next tamping point, repeating the step (b), and completing the tamping construction test of the first tamping point by adopting a method of jumping and striking alternately from inside to outside, and recording;
(d) and (3) performing secondary point ramming construction: filling the tamping pits by adopting a bulldozer, rolling and tamping the road surface by using a road roller, measuring the elevation of the field, and determining the time for secondary point tamping according to the actual situation of the measured field; after the determined interval time is reached, finishing the second tamping, leveling the field and measuring the leveled elevation after the second tamping is finished;
(e) and (3) full-ramming construction: after the second time of point tamping is finished, determining interval time according to the actual situation of the measuring field, and after the interval time is reached, tamping the tamped field in the whole area by adopting low energy, wherein the height of a full tamping falling hammer is determined according to the weight of the hammer and the tamping energy, and tamping marks 1/4 are overlapped with each other;
(f) the effect detection and the leveling and rolling construction steps are as follows: after the full ramming construction is finished, detecting a roadbed: detecting the dynamic compaction effect by adopting a cone dynamic sounding method; measuring the compactness of the subgrade after dynamic compaction by adopting a sand filling method; randomly extracting tamping points, measuring tamping settlement and detecting dynamic compaction effect; and after the full-tamping construction is finished, measuring the elevation of the compacted field after the full-tamping construction reaches the specified flatness and compactness, and finishing the construction of filling the roadbed by the dynamic compactor.
In the embodiment, the rammed pit is required to be refilled immediately after ramming to prevent water accumulation in the rammed pit due to rain, meanwhile, construction cannot be carried out under the condition of the bottom of the rammed pit or sludge during dynamic compaction construction, and further, in the dynamic compaction construction process, if the construction is influenced by ground uplift, the dissipation period of pore water is properly considered, construction is carried out for multiple times, uplift is dug out timely, and the standard height of the rammed surface is kept unchanged.
In the embodiment, the weight of the rammer is 10-30t, the drop distance of the rammer is 10-20m, and the ramming energy is obtained by a calculation formula W-wh, wherein W is the weight of the rammer, and h is the drop distance of the rammer; further, in the present embodiment, multiple sets of data are selected as test data for the magnitude of the impact energy, wherein the maximum impact energy is 6000kN · m, and the minimum impact energy is 1000kN · m.
In the embodiment, the effective dynamic compaction influence depth is obtained according to the tamping energy, the calculation formula of the effective dynamic compaction influence depth is as follows,
in the formula, alpha is a correction coefficient, w is the weight of the rammer, and h is the drop distance of the rammer, and the unit is m.
In this embodiment, in the step (a), the gravel soil used for backfilling the ground depression area has a mass ratio of gravel to soil of 2.5:7.5-3: 1. Further, in this embodiment, under the same ramming energy condition, the compactness gradually increases with the increase of the crushed stone content, and when the compactness of the soil-stone mixture is about 70% of the crushed stone content, the compactness reaches the maximum value, and then starts to decrease; when the content of the crushed stones is more than 50%, the compressibility of the soil-stone mixture is small, and the minimum compressibility index is obtained when the maximum compactness is achieved; in the embodiment, when the mass ratio of the soil to the stone is 2.5:7.5, the compactness of the soil-stone mixture has the maximum value, the embodiment adopts a dynamic compaction method to fill the existing large-diameter crushed stone, so the greater the compactness of the soil-stone mixture, the more difficult the dynamic compaction method is to treat the large-diameter crushed stone, preferably, the compactness of the soil-stone mixture is optimized by adjusting the mass mixing ratio of the crushed stone to the soil, when the mass mixing ratio of the crushed stone to the soil is adjusted to 3:1, the particle content of the soil-stone mixture with the particle size of more than 300mm is obtained by performing dynamic compaction treatment on the soil-stone mixture with the mixing ratio to be not more than 30% of the total weight of the large-diameter crushed stone, the gradation is reasonable, the non-uniformity coefficient Cu is not less than 5, the curvature coefficient Cc is 1-3, and the mud content is not more than 12%.
In the embodiment, the crane adopts a layered filling method for foundation backfill, and the crane backfills in a layered manner with the thickness of 0.8-1.2 m; furthermore, in the embodiment, the dynamic compaction energy level is 1000kN · m to 6000kN · m, and the dynamic compaction layering virtual paving thickness is 4m to 6 m. Preferably, in the embodiment, the thickness of the dynamic compaction layering virtual paving is 4m, the mass mixing ratio of the broken stone to the soil is 3:1, and the calculation formula is adopted
Obtaining the effective influence depth data contrast shown in figure 2;
in the embodiment, along with the increment of the single-shot tamping energy, the optimal effective dynamic compaction influence depth is obtained through comparison of the following test data;
(1) the single-click tamping energy is increased from 1000 kN.m to 4000 kN.m, the effective influence depth of the gravel soil and the sandy soil is 5-9 m, and the effective influence depth of the silt soil, the cohesive soil and the collapsible soil is 4-8 m;
(2) the single-strike tamping energy is increased from 4000 kN.m to 6000 kN.m, the effective influence depth of the gravel soil and the sandy soil is 9 to 10m, and the effective influence depth of the silt soil, the cohesive soil and the collapsible soil is 8 to 9 m.
As can be seen by comparing the above test data with fig. 2, when the single-shot tamping energy is increased from 1000kN · m to 4000kN · m, the effective influence depth of the soil-rock mixture is increased faster, and when the single-shot tamping energy is increased from 4000kN · m to 6000kN · m, the effective influence depth of the soil-rock mixture starts to slow down, and in order to ensure that the crushed stone with large particle size is crushed and simultaneously reduce consumption and improve economic benefit, when the single-shot tamping energy is 4000kN · m, the particle size of the crushed stone with large particle size after being subjected to dynamic compaction is appropriate, and the requirement of subsequent roadbed filling can be met, therefore, the effective influence depth of the dynamic compaction of the crushed stone in the embodiment is 8 to 9m, and preferably, the effective influence depth of the dynamic compaction in the embodiment is 8.5 m.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method for filling a roadbed by using large-diameter broken stones through dynamic compaction is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(a) construction preparation: checking whether the abrasion degree of the rammer and the drop distance of the rammer meet the design requirements; leveling the field, measuring the elevation of the field to meet the requirement of the elevation of the ramming-starting surface, removing the raised area of the ground and digging out the raised amount at the right time, keeping the elevation of the ramming-starting surface unchanged, and backfilling gravelly soil in the sunken area of the ground until the elevation of the ramming-starting surface is reached;
the weight of the rammer is 10-30t, the drop distance of the rammer is 10-20m, and the ramming energy is obtained by calculating the formula W-wh, wherein W is the weight of the rammer, and h is the drop distance of the rammer;
the gravel soil is used for backfilling a ground sunken area, and the mass ratio of gravel to soil is 2.5:7.5-3: 1;
(b) the first ramming construction step: performing point tamping for the first time, marking tamping point positions, and measuring the elevation of a field; the rammer is placed at a ramming point position through a crane, and the hoisting height of the rammer is determined according to ramming energy; measuring the elevation of the top of the hammer before ramming, starting a unhooking device, after the hammer unhooking freely falls down, putting down a lifting hook, measuring the elevation of the top of the hammer, calculating and recording the ramming amount of the point, stopping ramming when the ramming pit is too deep and the hammer is difficult to start, filling the ramming pit first, and performing next point ramming;
(c) moving the crane to the next tamping point, repeating the step (b), and completing the tamping construction test of the first tamping point by adopting a method of jumping and striking alternately from inside to outside, and recording;
(d) and (3) performing secondary point ramming construction: filling the tamping pits by adopting a bulldozer, tamping the filled soil layer by adopting a dynamic compactor, measuring the elevation of the field, and determining the time of secondary point tamping according to the actual situation of the measured field; after the determined interval time is reached, finishing the second tamping, leveling the field and measuring the leveled elevation after the second tamping is finished;
(e) and (3) full-ramming construction: after the second time of point tamping is finished, determining interval time according to the actual situation of the measuring field, and after the interval time is reached, tamping the tamped field in the whole area by adopting low energy, wherein the height of a full tamping falling hammer is determined according to the weight of the hammer and the tamping energy, and tamping marks 1/4 are overlapped with each other;
the dynamic compaction energy level is 1000 kN.m-6000 kN.m, and the dynamic compaction layering virtual paving thickness is 4-6 m;
(f) effect detection and leveling and rolling construction: after full ramming construction, detecting the roadbed: detecting the dynamic compaction effect by adopting a cone dynamic sounding method; measuring the compactness of the subgrade after dynamic compaction by adopting a sand filling method; randomly extracting tamping points, measuring the tamping settlement, and detecting the dynamic compaction effect; after the full-compaction construction is finished, detecting that the full-compaction construction reaches the specified flatness and compaction degree, and measuring the elevation of the compacted field to finish the construction of the dynamic compaction filling roadbed;
and the crane adopts a layered filling method for foundation backfill, and the crane backfills the foundation layer by layer with the thickness of 0.8-1.2 m.
2. The method for dynamic compaction filling of a roadbed according to claim 1, wherein the effective dynamic compaction depth is obtained according to the size of the ramming energy, the effective dynamic compaction depth is calculated by the formula,
in the formula, alpha is a correction coefficient, w is the weight of the rammer, and h is the drop distance of the rammer, and the unit is m.
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