CN113232381A - 一种自带无腐蚀钎焊剂的铝合金复合板及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种自带无腐蚀钎焊剂的铝合金复合板及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种自带无腐蚀钎焊剂的铝合金复合板,所述复合板包括基体层3003铝板、包覆层4343铝箔和位于基体层3003铝板与包覆层4343铝箔轧合表面的钎焊层。本发明可以满足液冷板或吹胀板生产过程需要的复杂流道结构成型,以及对清洁度的要求;也可以满足液冷板或吹胀板生产工艺对自带无腐蚀钎剂铝合金复合板的需求,有利于产品规模化批量生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及铝合金材料技术领域,特别是一种自带无腐蚀钎焊剂的铝合金复合板及其制备方法。
背景技术
热交换器是汽车热管理系统的重要散热部件,在市场需求推动下,其工程材料经历了不同的发展阶段。20世纪70年代初,因当时石油危机、铜价上涨、减轻汽车重量,法国Valeo开始用机械装配式铝热交换器,开启了以铝代铜的轻量化途径;20世纪70年代后期,美国Ford开始用真空钎焊工艺制造汽车水箱,耐腐蚀问题成为热点之一,复合材料开始应用;20世纪80年代无腐蚀性钎剂Alcan的KF- AlF3(Nocolok钎剂)的发明,由于高效率,低成本推动了铝钎焊技术的迅猛发展,汽车铝热交换器被欧美国家广泛应用。本世纪初汽车热交换器几乎进入全铝化,近十余年来新能源汽车迅猛发展,电池包是其动力及储能核心部件,而电池包的热管理直接影响电池箱内电池的温度均匀性和及时散热,也是影响电池使用时间及寿命、重量、提高续航里程的重要因素之一,铝合金复合板制造的液冷板较好的满足了市场发展需求,因而成为新能源汽车行业的应用研究的热点。
2012年以来,5G无线容量需求增长超过250倍,高功耗、高速率/超高速、高集成度,给无线基站散热、尺寸和重量带来极大挑战。体积小、重量轻、散热好成为通信产品的持续追求。当前,商用的无线基站壳体用压铸铝合金材料导热性能呈现持续提高趋势,经多年持续研究开发,导热系数从常用ADC12的92W/(m·K)到AlSi6的175W/(m·K),导热性能提高了90%。但随着电子通讯技术发展,仍然无法满足下一代电子通信产品对压铸铝合金材料高导热性能的需求。为进一步提高基站散热能力,借鉴冰箱等家电的冷凝器产品,开发了采用吹胀均温板,嵌入无线基站压铸壳体上的沟槽,替代压铸成型的散热齿,散热齿的导热系数从常用AlSi6的175W/(m•K)提高到500~1000W/(m•K)。
例如,专利号为202010180700.9的中国发明专利所公开的一种钎焊铝合金材料的制备方法及钎焊铝合金材料。钎焊铝合金材料的制备方法包括:(1)材料复合:将芯材(也称基体、母材)和皮材(也称包覆层)进行复合,获得复合材料;(2)热轧:对复合材料进行预热,将预热后的复合材料热轧至厚度为5~10mm,获得热轧板带;(3)中间轧制:将热轧板带进行中间冷轧,获得冷轧带箔;(4)中间退火:对冷轧带箔进行再结晶退火,获得O态带箔;(5)终轧:对O态带箔进行最终冷轧,轧制到厚度0 .4 mm~3 .0mm,获得终轧带箔;(6)拉弯矫直:对终轧带箔进行矫正,矫正后的带箔以预设速度通过烘烤器进行烘烤。
使用这种制备方法及钎焊铝合金材料虽然只是实现了钎焊铝合金复合板材免清洗,而且仅限于特定的、较简单结构件钎焊成型,难以满足液冷板或吹胀板生产过程需要的复杂流道结构成型,以及对清洁度的要求;同时未实现复合板自带无腐蚀钎剂生产,液冷板和吹胀板生产工艺必须有涂钎剂工序,造成占用较大生产场地,需建设隧道式钎剂喷淋及烘烤线,投资大,生产流程长,效率低,不利于产品规模化批量生产。
例如,专利号为201710345952 .0的中国发明专利所公开的一种铝合金钎焊用的环保无腐蚀自钎焊环及其制备方法。自钎焊环以铝硅合金为钎料,以氟铝酸铯、氟铝酸钾共晶混盐为钎剂,铝硅合金钎料的具体成分按重量百分比计算为Si 7~13%、Ga≤0 .1%、Ni≤0 .1%、混合稀土≤0 .01%,余量为Al。
使用这种环保无腐蚀自钎焊环及其制备方法虽然保证了产品性能稳定,批量生产的一致性好,既提高了生产效率又环保节能无腐蚀,适应自动化生产的需要,但无法满足液冷板或吹胀板生产工艺对自带无腐蚀钎剂铝合金复合板的需求。
因此需要一种自带无腐蚀钎焊剂的铝合金复合板及其制备方法来解决上述问题。
发明内容
本发明需要解决的技术问题是提供一种自带无腐蚀钎焊剂的铝合金复合板及其制备方法,使用这种铝合金复合板及其制备方法可以满足液冷板或吹胀板生产过程需要的复杂流道结构成型,以及对清洁度的要求;也可以满足液冷板或吹胀板生产工艺对自带无腐蚀钎剂铝合金复合板的需求,有利于产品规模化批量生产。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明所采取的技术方案是:一种自带无腐蚀钎焊剂的铝合金复合板,所述复合板包括基体层3003铝板、包覆层4343铝箔和位于基体层3003铝板与包覆层4343铝箔轧合表面的钎焊层。
作为本发明进一步的方案,所述钎焊层的成品钎剂用量范围为3g~6g/m2。
作为本发明进一步的方案,所述3003铝材合金元素质量百分含量为:Si0.5%~0.7%,Fe0.6%~0.8%,Cu0.05%~0.20%,Mn1.0%~1.5%,Zn0.05%~0.15%,其他杂质元素不超过0.15%,其他杂质元素中单个元素不超过0.05%,其余成分为Al;所述钎料合金4343铝材合金元素质量分数的原料组成百分含量为:Si6.8%~8.2%,Fe0.7%~0.9%,Cu0.15%~0.25%,Mn0.05~0.15%,Zn0.15%~0.25%,其他杂质元素不超过0.15%,其他杂质元素中单个元素不超过0.05%,其余成分为Al;所述钎焊层为Nocolok钎剂或同类无腐蚀性钎剂,是一种氟铝酸钾盐的白色粉末状混合物,以共晶点化合物KAlF4为主,主要化学组成质量百分含量为:K28%~31%,Al16%~18%,F49%~53%,Fe≤0.03%,Ca≤0.2%,Si≤0.05%。
一种自带无腐蚀钎焊剂的铝合金复合板的制备方法,包括但不限于静电喷涂或喷淋或涂刷钎剂及烘干等工艺制备钎焊层,具体步骤如下:
第一步:先对基体层3003铝板、包覆层4343铝箔表面进行处理,先采用pH值4.0~6.0的清洗液超声波及喷淋处理除油去污去氧化膜,然后110℃~130℃烘干30分钟~40分钟,确保铝材表面清洁、干燥。
第二步:将基体层3003铝板、包覆层4343铝箔依次叠合冷轧、扩散退火、重复冷轧及中间退火,直至轧制成品厚度要求,具体工艺步骤如下:对表面清洗干燥后的基体层3003铝板,通过静电喷涂、或喷淋,或涂刷钎剂及烘干等途径,使得其与包覆层4343轧合表面侧涂覆一层无腐蚀性钎剂,如Alcan的KF- AlF3(Nocolok钎剂)或其它同类无腐蚀性钎剂,厚度为0.10mm~0.15mm,确保复合板成品钎剂用量范围为3g~6g/m2;将符合基体层材料成分、表面带钎剂涂层、3mm~8mm厚度铝板坯料,与符合包覆层材料成分的坯料冷轧为0.2mm~0.5mm厚度铝板或铝箔依次进行叠合冷轧,退散退火温度300℃~450℃,保温时间1h~3h;重复冷轧及中间退火操作,直至轧制厚度0.4mm~1.0mm,根据具体需求,获得不同厚度尺寸规格的复合铝板。
作为本发明进一步的方案,所述扩散退火的温度为300℃~450℃,保温时间1h~3h。
作为本发明进一步的方案,所述的增强焊接性的铝合金复合板在液冷板和吹胀板生产中的应用。
本发明具有的优点和积极效果是:由于本发明采用如上技术方案,有效解决了当前广泛使用双层复合铝合金板不能直接钎焊的问题,液冷板和吹胀板生产工艺取消涂钎剂工序,节省了生产线建设投资,使用方便,流程短,效率高,有利于产品规模化批量生产。
附图说明
图1是改进前铝合金复合板的结构示意图。
图2是改进前铝合金复合板的生产工艺流程图。
图3是本发明一种自带无腐蚀钎焊剂的铝合金复合板的结构示意图。
图4是本发明一种自带无腐蚀钎焊剂的铝合金复合板的生产工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
如图3和图4所示,本发明的一种自带无腐蚀钎焊剂的铝合金复合板,所述复合板包括基体层3003铝板、包覆层4343铝箔和位于基体层3003铝板与包覆层4343铝箔轧合表面的钎焊层。
本发明进一步的,所述钎焊层的成品钎剂用量范围为3g~6g/m2。
本发明进一步的,所述3003铝材合金元素质量百分含量为:Si0.5%~0.7%,Fe0.6%~0.8%,Cu0.05%~0.20%,Mn1.0%~1.5%,Zn0.05%~0.15%,其他杂质元素不超过0.15%,其他杂质元素中单个元素不超过0.05%,其余成分为Al;所述钎料合金4343铝材合金元素质量分数的原料组成百分含量为:Si6.8%~8.2%,Fe0.7%~0.9%,Cu0.15%~0.25%,Mn0.05~0.15%,Zn0.15%~0.25%,其他杂质元素不超过0.15%,其他杂质元素中单个元素不超过0.05%,其余成分为Al;所述钎焊层为Nocolok钎剂或同类无腐蚀性钎剂,是一种氟铝酸钾盐的白色粉末状混合物,以共晶点化合物KAlF4为主,主要化学组成质量百分含量为:K28%~31%,Al16%~18%,F49%~53%,Fe≤0.03%,Ca≤0.2%,Si≤0.05%。
一种自带无腐蚀钎焊剂的铝合金复合板的制备方法,包括但不限于静电喷涂或喷淋钎剂及烘干等工艺制备钎焊层,具体步骤如下:
第一步:先对基体层3003铝板、包覆层4343铝箔表面进行处理,先采用pH值4.0~6.0的清洗液超声波及喷淋处理除油去污去氧化膜,然后110℃~130℃烘干30分钟~40分钟,确保铝材表面清洁、干燥。
第二步:将基体层3003铝板、包覆层4343铝箔依次叠合冷轧、扩散退火、重复冷轧及中间退火,直至轧制成品厚度要求,具体工艺步骤如下:对表面清洗干燥后的基体层3003铝板,通过静电喷涂、或喷淋,或涂刷钎剂及烘干等途径,使得其与包覆层4343轧合表面侧涂覆一层无腐蚀性钎剂,如Alcan的KF- AlF3(Nocolok钎剂)或其它同类无腐蚀性钎剂,厚度为0.10mm~0.15mm,确保复合板成品钎剂用量范围为3g~6g/m2;将符合基体层材料成分、表面带钎剂涂层、3mm~8mm厚度铝板坯料,与符合包覆层材料成分的坯料冷轧为0.2mm~0.5mm厚度铝板或铝箔依次进行叠合冷轧,退散退火温度300℃~450℃,保温时间1h~3h;重复冷轧及中间退火操作,直至轧制厚度0.4mm~1.0mm,根据具体需求,获得不同厚度尺寸规格的复合铝板。例如,选择基体层3003铝板厚度5mm,钎焊层钎剂,厚度为0.10mm,包覆层4343铝板厚度0.5mm,叠合冷轧,退散退火温度300℃~450℃,保温时间2h,重复冷轧及中间退火操作,直至轧制厚度0.5mm,可获得0.5mm厚度的复合铝板,其中基体层3003铝材厚度约0.45mm,钎焊层钎剂厚度约0.01mm,包覆层4343铝板厚度约0.04mm。
本发明进一步的,所述扩散退火的温度为300℃~450℃,保温时间1h~3h,随着反复冷轧,叠层厚度变薄,可适度降低扩散退火温度,缩短保温时间。
本发明的原理为:钎焊层上复合一层很薄的增强钎焊性能的包覆层4043铝箔,包覆层的固相线温度高于钎剂,低于基体层3003铝板。在钎焊过程中,中间层钎剂由于体积膨胀而使包覆层破裂,使熔融的钎剂渗透包覆层,从而钎料流动形成接头,焊后抗拉强度≥110MPa,屈服强度≥40MPa。
如图1和图2所示,本发明有效解决了当前广泛使用3003/4343双层复合铝合金板不能直接钎焊的问题,液冷板和吹胀板生产工艺取消涂钎剂工序,节省了生产线建设投资,使用方便,流程短,效率高,有利于产品规模化批量生产。
本发明自带无腐蚀性焊剂的铝合金复合板在液冷板和吹胀板生产中有应用。
采用本发明自带无腐蚀性焊剂的铝合金复合板制备液冷板和吹胀板的具体工艺流程如下:
液冷板生产工艺流程:原材料→下料→盖板流道成型→盖板切边→折弯→清洗→合装→钎焊→漏检→入库;
吹胀板生产工艺流程:原材料→下料→盖板流道成型→清洗→钎焊→冲压→激光切边→焊接管→保压测试→充注冷媒→激光封口→检验→入库。
根据评估,取消涂钎剂工序后,生产效率提升20%~30%,不用投资建设钎剂喷淋生产线、烘烤炉及其附属设施,减少了相关生产车间场地占用,提高了投资回报率。
虽然以上描述了本发明的具体实施方式,但是本领域熟练技术人员应当理解,这些仅是举例说明,可以对本实施方式作出多种变更或修改,而不背离本发明的原理和实质,本发明的保护范围仅由所附权利要求书限定。
Claims (7)
1.一种自带无腐蚀钎焊剂的铝合金复合板,其特征在于:所述复合板包括基体层3003铝板、包覆层4343铝箔和位于基体层3003铝板与包覆层4343铝箔轧合表面的钎焊层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种自带无腐蚀钎焊剂的铝合金复合板,其特征是:所述钎焊层的成品钎剂用量范围为3g~6g/m2。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种自带无腐蚀钎焊剂的铝合金复合板,其特征是:所述3003铝材合金元素质量百分含量为:Si0.5%~0.7%,Fe0.6%~0.8%,Cu0.05%~0.20%,Mn1.0%~1.5%,Zn0.05%~0.15%,其他杂质元素不超过0.15%,其他杂质元素中单个元素不超过0.05%,其余成分为Al;所述钎料合金4343铝材合金元素质量分数的原料组成百分含量为:Si6.8%~8.2%,Fe0.7%~0.9%,Cu0.15%~0.25%,Mn0.05~0.15%,Zn0.15%~0.25%,其他杂质元素不超过0.15%,其他杂质元素中单个元素不超过0.05%,其余成分为Al;所述钎焊层为Nocolok钎剂或同类无腐蚀性钎剂,是一种氟铝酸钾盐的白色粉末状混合物,以共晶点化合物KAlF4为主,主要化学组成质量百分含量为:K28%~31%,Al16%~18%,F49%~53%,Fe≤0.03%,Ca≤0.2%,Si≤0.05%。
4.一种自带无腐蚀钎焊剂的铝合金复合板的制备方法,其特征是:包括但不限于静电喷涂或喷淋钎剂及烘干等工艺制备钎焊层,具体步骤如下:
第一步:先对基体层3003铝板、包覆层4343铝箔表面进行处理,先采用pH值4.0~6.0的清洗液超声波及喷淋处理除油去污去氧化膜,然后110℃~130℃烘干30分钟~40分钟,确保铝材表面清洁、干燥。
5.第二步:将基体层3003铝板、包覆层4343铝箔依次叠合冷轧、扩散退火、重复冷轧及中间退火,直至轧制成品厚度要求,具体工艺步骤如下:对表面清洗干燥后的基体层3003铝板,通过静电喷涂、或喷淋,或涂刷钎剂及烘干等途径,使得其与包覆层4343板轧合表面侧涂覆一层无腐蚀性钎剂,如Alcan的KF- AlF3(Nocolok钎剂)或其它同类无腐蚀性钎剂,厚度为0.10mm~0.15mm,确保复合板成品钎剂用量范围为3g~6g/m2;将符合基体层材料成分、表面带钎剂涂层、3mm~8mm厚度铝板坯料,与符合包覆层材料成分的坯料冷轧为0.2mm~0.5mm厚度铝板或铝箔依次进行叠合冷轧,300℃~450℃退散退火,保温时间1h~3h;重复冷轧及中间退火操作,直至轧制厚度0.4mm~1.0mm,根据具体需求,获得不同厚度尺寸规格的复合铝板。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种自带无腐蚀钎焊剂的铝合金复合板的制备方法,其特征是:所述扩散退火的温度为300℃~450℃,保温时间1h~3h。
7.根据权利要求1~5中任一项所述的增强焊接性的铝合金复合板在液冷板和吹胀板生产中的应用。
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