CN113231862B

CN113231862B - Main shaft broach structure and electric main shaft

Info

Publication number: CN113231862B
Application number: CN202110381760.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘汉忠; 纪云龙; 汤秀清; 汤智锋; 黄腾辉
Original assignee: Guangzhou Haozhi Electromechanical Co Ltd
Current assignee: Guangzhou Haozhi Electromechanical Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-04-09
Filing date: 2021-04-09
Publication date: 2023-03-31
Anticipated expiration: 2041-04-09
Also published as: CN113231862A

Abstract

The invention discloses a main shaft broach structure and an electric main shaft, comprising: the shaft core is provided with a shaft core inner hole; broach subassembly, including pull rod, connecting rod, slider, elasticity reset part and handle of a knife connection structure, the lower extreme of connecting rod is connected handle of a knife connection structure, the upper end of connecting rod is equipped with the pull rod connecting hole, the lower extreme of pull rod stretches into the pull rod connecting hole, the connecting rod in the pore wall of pull rod connecting hole is equipped with the slider mounting hole, the slider float set up in the slider mounting hole, the pull rod is equipped with first inclined plane, the axle core hole of axle core is equipped with the second inclined plane, during the broach, the both ends of slider respectively with first inclined plane and second inclined plane butt to provide upwards taut the effort of connecting rod. The invention starts from the key factor of the broach assembly which influences the length of the main shaft, and effectively shortens the axial length of the electric main shaft.

Description

Main shaft broach structure and electric main shaft

Technical Field

The invention is used in the field of machine tools, and particularly relates to an accessory of a machine tool, in particular to a spindle broach structure and an electric spindle.

Background

The axial length of the electric spindle has the following effect on the performance of the electric spindle: 1. the axial length limits the minimum diameter of a workpiece of which the inner radial hole needs to be machined; 2. for single and double-fork main shafts, the longer the axial direction of the main shaft is, the smaller the installation rigidity is, and the larger the vibration amplitude of the whole fulcrum shaft is; 3. the longer the axial direction of the main shaft is, the lower the natural frequency of the main shaft installed on the frame is; 4. the longer the spindle is axially, the greater its moment of inertia, the greater the turret power that will be required to bring it to a precise stop. Therefore, the axial size of the electric spindle is effectively shortened, and the electric spindle has extremely important practical significance.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is directed to solve at least one of the problems of the prior art, and provides a spindle broach structure and an electric spindle, which can effectively shorten the axial length of the electric spindle.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:

in a first aspect, a spindle broach structure includes:

the shaft core is provided with a shaft core inner hole;

broach subassembly, including pull rod, connecting rod, slider, elastic reset part and handle of a knife connection structure, the lower extreme of connecting rod is connected handle of a knife connection structure, the upper end of connecting rod is equipped with the pull rod connecting hole, the lower extreme of pull rod stretches into the pull rod connecting hole, the connecting rod in the pore wall of pull rod connecting hole is equipped with the slider mounting hole, the slider float set up in the slider mounting hole, the pull rod is equipped with first inclined plane, the axle core hole of axle core is equipped with the second inclined plane, during the broach, the both ends of slider respectively with first inclined plane and second inclined plane butt to provide upwards taut the effort of connecting rod.

With reference to the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the slider has an inner slope surface that cooperates with the first slope surface, and the slider has an outer slope surface that cooperates with the second slope surface.

With reference to the first aspect and the foregoing implementation manners, in some implementation manners of the first aspect, the broach assembly includes a plurality of the sliders, a plurality of slider mounting holes for mounting the sliders are formed in the circumferential direction of the pull rod connecting hole, the pull rod is provided with a first conical surface, the first conical surface forms a first inclined surface matched with the plurality of sliders, a shaft core inner hole of the shaft core is provided with a second conical surface, and the second conical surface forms a second inclined surface matched with the plurality of sliders.

With reference to the first aspect and the foregoing implementation manners, in some implementation manners of the first aspect, the connecting rod is provided with a key groove on a hole wall of the pull rod connecting hole, the key groove extends in an axial direction, and the pull rod is provided with a key structure matched with the key groove.

With reference to the first aspect and the foregoing implementation manners, in some implementation manners of the first aspect, the pull rod and the connecting rod are provided with a central water hole, the central water hole of the pull rod and the central water hole of the connecting rod are connected through a transition joint, the transition joint is provided with a water through hole, one end of the transition joint is fixedly connected with the connecting rod, and the other end of the transition joint is in floating sleeve connection with the pull rod.

With reference to the first aspect and the foregoing implementations, in certain implementations of the first aspect, a seal ring is disposed between the transition joint and the tie rod.

With reference to the first aspect and the foregoing implementation manners, in some implementation manners of the first aspect, the pull rod is provided with a first axial limiting surface, the inner hole of the shaft core is provided with a second axial limiting surface, an elastic resetting component mounting space is formed between the first axial limiting surface and the second axial limiting surface, the elastic resetting component is arranged in the elastic resetting component mounting space, and two ends of the elastic resetting component are supported by the first axial limiting surface and the second axial limiting surface.

With reference to the first aspect and the foregoing implementation manners, in some implementation manners of the first aspect, the handle connecting structure includes a pull claw seat, a pull nail matching hole is formed in the lower end of the pull claw seat, a floating limiting component is arranged on a hole wall of the pull nail matching hole, the floating limiting component is used for limiting the pull nail in the pull nail matching hole, a plurality of floating guide holes are formed in the hole wall of the pull nail matching hole, the plurality of floating guide holes are distributed along the circumferential direction of the pull nail matching hole, the floating limiting component is arranged in the floating guide holes, the pull rod and the pull claw seat are lifted up under the action of the elastic resetting component, and the floating limiting component abuts against the inner hole of the shaft core and moves towards the pull nail matching hole along the floating guide holes so as to limit the pull nail in the pull nail matching hole.

With reference to the first aspect and the foregoing implementation manners, in some implementation manners of the first aspect, the knife handle connection structure includes a pull claw, a sliding core and an elastic component, the sliding core is connected to the lower end of the connecting rod, the pull claw is sleeved outside the sliding core, and the elastic component is located above the pull claw.

In a second aspect, an electric spindle includes the spindle broach structure according to any one of the implementations of the first aspect.

One of the above technical solutions has at least one of the following advantages or beneficial effects: when the tool is unloaded, the pull rod overcomes the acting force of the elastic reset component and pushes the connecting rod downwards along the inner hole of the shaft core, and the tool handle connecting structure releases the tool handle; during the broach, the pull rod is along axle core hole upward movement under elastic reset unit's effect, and first inclined plane and slider cooperation make the slider along slider mounting hole lateral shifting, along axle core hole upward movement, further second inclined plane and slider cooperation, finally make the both ends of slider respectively with first inclined plane and second inclined plane butt to provide the effort of upwards taut connecting rod. The broach assembly enlarges the tension force of the elastic reset part through the matching of the sliding block and the first inclined plane and the second inclined plane, thereby effectively shortening the length of the elastic reset part and further realizing the effect of shortening the axial length of the main shaft. The invention starts from the key factor of the broach assembly which influences the length of the main shaft, and effectively shortens the axial length of the electric main shaft.

Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.

Drawings

The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electric spindle according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1 at A;

FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the tie rod and link joint of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of FIG. 1 at A in a fully unclamped state;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of FIG. 1 at A in a broach starting state;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of FIG. 1 at A in a broach complete state;

fig. 7 is a schematic view of a shank coupling structure of another embodiment of the electric spindle of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout.

In the present invention, if directions (up, down, left, right, front, and rear) are described, it is only for convenience of describing the technical solution of the present invention, and it is not intended or implied that the technical features referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, it is not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

In the invention, the meaning of "a plurality of" is one or more, the meaning of "a plurality of" is more than two, and the meaning of "more than", "less than", "more than" and the like is understood to not include the number; the terms "above", "below", "within" and the like are understood to include the instant numbers. In the description of the present invention, if there is description of "first" and "second" only for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, it is not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the precedence of the indicated technical features.

In the present invention, unless otherwise specifically limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and the like are to be understood in a broad sense, and for example, may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate; can be fixedly connected, can also be detachably connected and can also be integrally formed; may be mechanically coupled, may be electrically coupled or may be capable of communicating with each other; either as communication within the two elements or as an interactive relationship of the two elements. The technical field can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the words in the invention by combining the specific contents of the technical scheme.

Wherein, fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 7 show reference direction coordinate systems of the embodiments of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the directions shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 7.

Embodiments of the present invention provide an electric spindle capable of carrying a tool for machining on a machine tool.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the electric spindle includes a machine body 11, a motor 12, a unclamping cylinder 13 and a spindle broach structure, wherein the spindle broach structure includes a spindle core 2 and a broach assembly, the spindle core 2 is provided with a spindle core inner hole 21, and a tool shank mounting hole 22 is formed at the lower end of the spindle core inner hole 21.

It will be appreciated that the spindle broach arrangement is equally applicable to an externally driven spindle, and embodiments of the present invention will be described by way of example only with reference to an electric spindle.

The broach assembly comprises a pull rod 3, a connecting rod 4, a sliding block 5, an elastic reset component 6 and a handle connecting structure, the handle connecting structure is connected with the lower end of the connecting rod 4, a pull rod connecting hole 41 is formed in the upper end of the connecting rod 4, the lower end of the pull rod 3 extends into the pull rod connecting hole 41, a sliding block mounting hole 42 is formed in the hole wall of the pull rod connecting hole 41 of the connecting rod 4, the sliding block 5 is arranged in the sliding block mounting hole 42 in a floating mode, the sliding block 5 can transversely move in the sliding block mounting hole 42 under the action of external force, the pull rod 3 is provided with a first inclined surface 31, a shaft core inner hole 21 of a shaft core 2 is provided with a second inclined surface 22, the first inclined surface 31 and the second inclined surface 22 form a cross-section shape with the upper end expanded outwards, during broach, two ends of the sliding block 5 are respectively abutted against the first inclined surface 31 and the second inclined surface 22 to provide acting force for upwards tensioning the connecting rod 4, and the acting force is greater than that of the elastic reset component 6 acts on the pull rod 3. The knife handle connecting structure is further matched with a knife handle mounting hole 22 at the end part of the shaft core 2 to realize the connection of the knife handle and the shaft core 2.

With reference to fig. 4, 5 and 6, when the cutter is dismounted, the pull rod 3 overcomes the acting force of the elastic reset component 6 to push the connecting rod 4 downwards along the inner hole 21 of the shaft core, and the cutter handle connecting structure releases the cutter handle; during broaching, the pull rod 3 moves upwards along the shaft core inner hole 21 under the action of the elastic resetting component 6, the first inclined surface 31 is matched with the sliding block 5, the sliding block 5 moves outwards along the sliding block mounting hole 42, the shaft core inner hole 21 moves upwards, the second inclined surface 22 is further matched with the sliding block 5, and finally the two ends of the sliding block 5 are respectively abutted to the first inclined surface 31 and the second inclined surface 22 so as to provide acting force for tensioning the connecting rod 4 upwards. The broach assembly amplifies the tension of the elastic reset part 6 through the matching of the sliding block 5 and the first inclined surface 31 and the second inclined surface 22, and obviously increases the amplification factor, so that the length of the elastic reset part 6 is effectively shortened, and the effect of shortening the axial length of the spindle is realized. Starting from the broach assembly which is a key factor influencing the length of the spindle, the traditional pull rod 3 is divided into two sections and connected through the force amplifying structures of the slide block 5, the first inclined surface 31 and the second inclined surface 22, so that the axial length of the electric spindle is effectively shortened.

In some embodiments, referring to fig. 2, in order to make the sliding block 5 slide smoothly along the first inclined surface 31 and the second inclined surface 22 and provide a greater tension for the connecting rod 4, the sliding block 5 has an inner inclined surface matching with the first inclined surface 31, the sliding block 5 has an outer inclined surface matching with the second inclined surface 22, and the inner inclined surface and the outer inclined surface may be formed by providing a chamfer or the like on the sliding block 5.

The slide block 5 can be provided with one or more slide blocks, for example, in some embodiments shown in fig. 2, the broach assembly includes a plurality of slide blocks 5, correspondingly, the circumference of the pull rod connecting hole 41 is provided with a plurality of slide block mounting holes 42 for mounting the slide block 5, the plurality of slide blocks 5 distributed along the circumference can provide more sufficient and uniform axial tension for the connecting rod 4, ensure the stability of the connecting rod 4 and the handle connecting structure moving along the shaft core inner hole 21, and avoid inclination and clamping stagnation.

In order to match with the plurality of sliding blocks 5 and reduce the processing difficulty, referring to fig. 2 and 3, the pull rod 3 is provided with a first conical surface which forms a continuously extending first inclined surface 31 matched with the plurality of sliding blocks 5, and the shaft core inner hole 21 of the shaft core 2 is provided with a second conical surface which forms a continuously extending second inclined surface 22 matched with the plurality of sliding blocks 5.

In some embodiments, referring to fig. 3, the connecting rod 4 is provided with a key groove 43 on the wall of the connecting hole 41 of the pull rod, the key groove 43 extends in the axial direction, and the pull rod 3 is provided with a key structure 32 which is matched with the key groove 43. The connecting rod 4 and the pull rod 3 can move axially relative to each other and cannot rotate relative to each other, so that the matching accuracy is ensured.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the pull rod 3 and the connecting rod 4 are provided with

central water holes

33 and 44 for introducing cooling liquid in the machining process of the cutter. In order to meet the functions of expansion and water passing, the central water hole of the pull rod 3 and the central water hole of the connecting rod 4 are connected through the transition joint 7, the transition joint 7 is provided with a water passing hole 71, one end of the transition joint 7 is fixedly connected with the connecting rod 4, the fixed connection mode can adopt interference fit, threaded connection and the like, the other end of the transition joint 7 is in floating sleeve connection with the pull rod 3, the transition joint 7 is in clearance fit with the pull rod 3, in the process of switching the broach and the broach, the transition joint 7 and the connecting rod 4 are kept relatively static, the pull rod 3 and the transition joint 7 move axially relatively, and the central water hole is ensured to be communicated through the water passing hole 71.

In order to ensure the sealing performance between the transition joint 7 and the pull rod 3, a sealing ring 72 is arranged between the transition joint 7 and the pull rod 3.

The elastic reset part 6 is used for driving the pull rod 3 to move upwards along the inner hole 21 of the shaft core so as to automatically tighten the knife handle. Referring to fig. 1, the pull rod 3 is provided with a first axial limiting surface 34, the shaft core inner hole 21 is provided with a second axial limiting surface 23, an elastic reset component mounting space is formed between the first axial limiting surface 34 and the second axial limiting surface 23, the elastic reset component 6 is arranged in the elastic reset component mounting space, and two ends of the elastic reset component 6 are directly or indirectly supported on the first axial limiting surface 34 and the second axial limiting surface 23.

The tool holder connecting structure can be set to different structures according to the type of the tool holder, for example, in some embodiments, see fig. 7, in order to meet the assembly requirements of the BT tool holder, the tool holder connecting structure includes a blind rivet seat 8, a blind rivet matching hole 81 is formed in the lower end of the blind rivet seat 8, a floating limiting component 82 is formed on the hole wall of the blind rivet matching hole 81, the floating limiting component 82 is used for limiting a blind rivet in the blind rivet matching hole 81, a plurality of floating guide holes are formed in the hole wall of the blind rivet matching hole 81, the plurality of floating guide holes are distributed along the circumferential direction of the blind rivet matching hole 81, the floating limiting component 82 is arranged in the floating guide hole, the pull rod 3 and the blind rivet seat 8 are lifted up under the action of the elastic resetting component 6, the shaft core inner hole 21 has a large-diameter section and a small-diameter section, an inclined plane transition is adopted between the large-diameter section and the small-diameter section, the floating limiting component 82 moves from the large-diameter section to the small-diameter section, the floating limiting component 82 moves towards the small-diameter section, the floating limiting component 82 abuts against the blind rivet hole 81 along the floating guide hole to limit in order to limit the blind rivet matching hole 81. When the tool shank is replaced, the broach assembly moves downwards along the inner hole 21 of the shaft core under the driving of the air cylinder or the oil cylinder, the floating limiting component 82 returns to the large-hole-diameter section from the small-hole-diameter section and moves towards the large-hole-diameter section, and the blind rivet can be pulled out from the blind rivet matching hole 81.

The floating limiting member 82 includes a limiting pin or a limiting ball.

For another example, referring to fig. 1, in some embodiments, in order to meet the assembly requirement of the HSK knife handle, the knife handle connecting structure includes a pulling claw 91, a sliding core 92 and an elastic component 93, the sliding core 92 is connected to the lower end of the connecting rod 4, the pulling claw 91 is sleeved outside the sliding core 92, and the elastic component 93 is located above the pulling claw 91. The power of tool changing is transmitted to the pulling claw 91 through the pull rod 3, and the force is generated between the tool holder and the tool holder mounting hole 22 and between the tool holder and the pulling claw 91 through the expansion and contraction of the pulling claw 91, so that the tool is switched.

In the description herein, references to "an example," "an embodiment," or "some embodiments," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

The invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the invention, and such equivalent modifications or substitutions are included in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A spindle broach structure, comprising:

the shaft core is provided with a shaft core inner hole;

the broach assembly comprises a pull rod, a connecting rod, a sliding block, an elastic reset part and a handle connecting structure, wherein the lower end of the connecting rod is connected with the handle connecting structure, the upper end of the connecting rod is provided with a pull rod connecting hole, the lower end of the pull rod extends into the pull rod connecting hole, the connecting rod is provided with a sliding block mounting hole on the hole wall of the pull rod connecting hole, the sliding block is arranged in the sliding block mounting hole in a floating manner, the pull rod is provided with a first inclined surface, a shaft core inner hole of the shaft core is provided with a second inclined surface, when in broach, the two ends of the sliding block are respectively abutted against the first inclined surface and the second inclined surface to provide acting force for tensioning the connecting rod upwards, the pull rod and the connecting rod are provided with a central water hole, and the central water holes of the pull rod and the connecting rod are connected through a transition joint, the transition joint is equipped with the water hole, the one end of transition joint with connecting rod fixed connection, the other end of transition joint with the pull rod is floated and is cup jointed, broach subassembly includes a plurality ofly the slider, the circumference of pull rod connecting hole is equipped with a plurality of installations the slider mounting hole of slider, the pull rod is equipped with first conical surface, first conical surface forms and a plurality of slider complex, the first inclined plane of continuous extension, the axle core hole of axle core is equipped with the second conical surface, the second conical surface form and a plurality of slider complex, the second inclined plane of continuous extension, the connecting rod is in the pore wall of pull rod connecting hole is equipped with the keyway, axial extension is followed to the keyway, the pull rod be equipped with keyway complex key structure.

2. The spindle broach structure according to claim 1, wherein the slider block has an inner slope surface that cooperates with the first slope surface, and the slider block has an outer slope surface that cooperates with the second slope surface.

3. The spindle broach structure according to claim 1, wherein a seal ring is provided between the transition joint and the drawbar.

4. The spindle broach structure according to claim 1, wherein the pull rod is provided with a first axial limiting surface, the inner hole of the spindle core is provided with a second axial limiting surface, an elastic reset component installation space is formed between the first axial limiting surface and the second axial limiting surface, the elastic reset component is arranged in the elastic reset component installation space, and two ends of the elastic reset component are supported on the first axial limiting surface and the second axial limiting surface.

5. The main shaft broach structure according to claim 1, wherein the shank connecting structure comprises a draw claw seat, a draw nail matching hole is formed at the lower end of the draw claw seat, a floating limiting component is arranged on the wall of the draw nail matching hole and used for limiting the draw nail in the draw nail matching hole, a plurality of floating guide holes are formed in the wall of the draw nail matching hole and distributed along the circumferential direction of the draw nail matching hole, the floating limiting component is arranged in the floating guide holes, the pull rod and the draw claw seat are lifted up under the action of the elastic resetting component, and the floating limiting component is abutted against the inner hole of the shaft core and moves towards the draw nail matching hole along the floating guide holes so as to limit the draw nail in the draw nail matching hole.

6. The spindle broach structure according to claim 1, wherein the shank coupling structure includes a pull claw, a sliding core and an elastic component, the sliding core is coupled to the lower end of the connecting rod, the pull claw is sleeved outside the sliding core, and the elastic component is located above the pull claw.

7. An electric spindle comprising the spindle broach structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6.