CN113224348A - Fuel cell water temperature control system and control method thereof - Google Patents

Fuel cell water temperature control system and control method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113224348A
CN113224348A CN202110689601.8A CN202110689601A CN113224348A CN 113224348 A CN113224348 A CN 113224348A CN 202110689601 A CN202110689601 A CN 202110689601A CN 113224348 A CN113224348 A CN 113224348A
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flow path
fuel cell
circulation flow
control valve
control system
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闪念
丁铁新
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Beijing Sinohytec Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04029Heat exchange using liquids
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H01M8/04358Temperature; Ambient temperature of the coolant
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04701Temperature
    • H01M8/04723Temperature of the coolant
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04768Pressure; Flow of the coolant
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04992Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
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  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a fuel cell water temperature control system and a control method thereof, belonging to the field of fuel cells. The invention provides a water temperature control system of a fuel cell, wherein the fuel cell comprises an electric pile, the electric pile is provided with a cooling liquid inlet and a cooling liquid outlet, and the water temperature control system comprises: the cooling liquid inlet, the heating component, the water circulation power device and the cooling liquid outlet are connected through pipelines in sequence to form a large circulation flow path, the cooling liquid inlet, the heating component, the water circulation power device and the cooling liquid outlet are connected through pipelines in sequence to form a small circulation flow path, and the large circulation flow path and the small circulation flow path are connected in parallel. The invention replaces the original thermostat by connecting the first control valve in series in the large circulation flow path and the second control valve in series in the small circulation flow path, and has high degree of freedom of control coupling and flexible control through the independent first control valve and the second control valve.

Description

Fuel cell water temperature control system and control method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fuel cells, in particular to a fuel cell water temperature control system and a control method thereof.
Background
The temperature distribution of the fuel cell stack has a significant impact on the safety and life of the fuel cell. To maintain a desired temperature inside the stack, the heat generated by the electrochemical reactions of the stack must be dissipated, requiring thermal management of the system. Generally, circulating cooling liquid flows among the single cells of the electric pile to achieve the purpose of heat dissipation and cooling, a heat management subsystem of the electric pile is structured as shown in fig. 1, and a water pump 7 drives the cooling liquid to circulate to dissipate heat in the electric pile 1. The cooling liquid circulation is divided into a large circulation flow path and a small circulation flow path, the large circulation flow path 4 flows through the heat dissipation part 3, and the heat dissipation part 3 rotates to force air convection to enhance heat dissipation; the flow rate of the small circulation flow path 6 is automatically adjusted and distributed by the thermostat 12 according to the water temperature without passing through the heat radiating member 3.
According to the operating temperature condition requirement of the fuel cell, the heat management is realized by controlling the temperature T of the cooling liquid in the stackinTemperature difference between pile entering and pile exitingc=(Tout-Tin) And (5) realizing. Wherein the temperature T of the cooling liquid in the reactor is controlledinThe normal operation of the stack 1, especially under low temperature conditions, can be ensured. At the same time, in order to realize the uniform temperature distribution in the galvanic pile 1, the temperature difference TcShould be as small as possible, but with a temperature difference ofcSmaller will result in greater coolant flow, thereby increasing parasitic power consumption and reducing system efficiency. On the other hand, temperature difference Δ TcLarger will result in a lower temperature to which the cooling liquid needs to be cooled, which will be limited by the ambient temperature and the performance of the heat-radiating member 3. Temperature difference TcIs a variable associated with the coolant flow.
When the temperature of the cooling liquid in the reactor does not meet the target temperature TinIn this case, the controller 9 adjusts the flow rate distribution relationship of the large and small circulation flow paths by controlling the opening degree of the thermostat 12 according to an algorithm. However, although the distribution proportion of the large and small circulating flow paths can be changed by adjusting the opening degree, the total flow of the two cooling liquids in the large and small circulating flow paths can be increased or decreased instantly due to the change of the flow resistance characteristics of the two paths of the large and small circulating flow paths when the opening degree is changed, so that the temperature difference of the system generates large fluctuation, and the problem of unstable temperature and temperature difference control occurs.
Therefore, it is desirable to provide a water temperature control system for a fuel cell and a control method thereof to solve the technical problem of unstable temperature and temperature difference control in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fuel cell water temperature control system and a control method thereof, which can solve the problem of system temperature difference fluctuation caused by the change of the total flow of cooling liquid in the temperature regulation process of a thermostat and improve the temperature and temperature difference control stability of a thermal management subsystem.
In order to realize the purpose, the following technical scheme is provided:
the invention provides a water temperature control system of a fuel cell, the fuel cell comprises an electric pile, the electric pile is provided with a cooling liquid inlet and a cooling liquid outlet, and the water temperature control system comprises: the cooling device comprises a first control valve, a heat dissipation part, a heat generation part, a second control valve and a water circulation power device, wherein a cooling liquid inlet, the heat dissipation part, the water circulation power device and a cooling liquid outlet are sequentially connected through pipelines to form a large circulation flow path, the cooling liquid inlet, the heat generation part, the water circulation power device and the cooling liquid outlet are sequentially connected through pipelines to form a small circulation flow path, and the large circulation flow path and the small circulation flow path are connected in parallel.
Further, the water circulation power device is a water pump.
Further, the fuel cell water temperature control system further comprises a controller, and the first control valve and the second control valve are in communication connection with the controller.
Further, the fuel cell water temperature control system further comprises an inlet temperature sensor arranged on the cooling liquid inlet pipeline and an outlet temperature sensor arranged on the cooling liquid outlet pipeline, and the inlet temperature sensor and the outlet temperature sensor are both in communication connection with the controller.
Further, the heat dissipating component and the heat generating component are both communicatively coupled to the controller.
Further, the heat dissipation member includes a heat sink and a heat dissipation fan.
Further, the heat generating component is a resistor assembly.
Further, the water pump is in communication connection with the controller.
The invention also provides a control method of the fuel cell water temperature control system according to any one of the above technical solutions, the control method comprising the steps of:
when the reactor inlet temperature does not meet the target temperature, the opening degrees of the first control valve and the second control valve are adjusted through an algorithm, and the total flow of the parallel flow paths of the large circulation flow path and the small circulation flow path is kept unchanged;
calculating the corresponding water pump rotating speed according to the MAP characteristics of the water pump, the total resistance dP of the parallel flow paths of the large circulation flow path and the small circulation flow path and the total flow of the parallel flow paths, and then reversely adjusting the water pump rotating speed;
and regulating the temperature of the cooling liquid in the reactor to the target temperature, and finishing.
Further, the algorithm is as follows:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
wherein, K1The resistance characteristic coefficients of the heat dissipation component and the large circulation flow path are close to a fixed value and can be calculated; k2The resistance characteristic coefficients of the heating part and the small circulation flow path are close to a fixed value and can be calculated; k11Controlling the valve resistance coefficient for a large circulation flow path; k12Controlling the valve resistance coefficient for the small circulation flow path; q1The target value of the flow of the large circulation flow path; q2Is a target value of the small circulation flow path flow rate; q is a target value of the total flow of the parallel flow paths; dP is the total resistance of the parallel flow path.
Compared with the prior art, the fuel cell water temperature control system and the control method thereof provided by the invention have the advantages that the original thermostat is replaced by connecting the first control valve in series in the large circulation flow path and the second control valve in series in the small circulation flow path, and the independent first control valve and the independent second control valve are adopted, so that the control coupling degree of freedom is high, and the control is flexible. Specifically, the reactor temperature and the temperature difference are collected by a controllerAccordingly. When the reactor inlet temperature does not meet the target temperature: the opening degrees of the first control valve and the second control valve are adjusted through an algorithm, so that the flow resistance characteristic K is obtained11、K12Change due to K11And K12Independent of each other and can be freely adjusted. The formula (4) shows that the distribution of the flow of the large circulation flow path and the flow of the small circulation flow path is changed to realize the regulation of the temperature of the cooling liquid entering the reactor. According to the formula (1) of the algorithm, the total resistance dP of the parallel flow path is changed, and in order to ensure that the total flow of the parallel flow path before and after adjustment is unchanged, the corresponding water pump rotating speed is calculated according to the water pump characteristic curve equation (namely the water pump MAP characteristic) of the formula (3), the dP after adjustment and the total flow of the parallel flow path, and the water pump is output. The flow distribution of the large and small circulating flow paths is changed by jointly regulating and controlling the first control valve, the second control valve and the water pump, and meanwhile, the total flow of the large and small circulating flow paths is kept unchanged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art fuel cell water temperature control system;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell water temperature control system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
1-electric pile; 101-coolant inlet; 102-a coolant outlet; 2-inlet temperature sensor; 3-a heat-dissipating component; 301-a heat sink; 302-a heat dissipation fan; 4-large circulation flow path; 5-a heat-generating component; 6-small circulation flow path; 7-a water pump; 8-outlet temperature sensor; 9-a controller; 10-a first control valve; 11-a second control valve; 12-thermostat.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems solved, technical solutions adopted and technical effects achieved by the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a water temperature control system for a fuel cell, the fuel cell includes a stack 1, the stack 1 is provided with a coolant inlet 101 and a coolant outlet 102, and the water temperature control system includes: the cooling device comprises a first control valve 10, a heat radiating component 3, a heat generating component 5, a second control valve 11 and a water circulation power device, wherein a cooling liquid inlet 101, the heat radiating component 3, the water circulation power device and a cooling liquid outlet 102 are sequentially connected through pipelines to form a large circulation flow path 4, the cooling liquid inlet 101, the heat generating component 5, the water circulation power device and the cooling liquid outlet 102 are sequentially connected through pipelines to form a small circulation flow path 6, and the large circulation flow path 4 is connected with the small circulation flow path 6 in parallel.
Preferably, the water circulation power device is a water pump 7, the heat generating component 5 is a resistor assembly, i.e., a PCT assembly, and the heat radiating component 3 includes a heat sink 301 and a heat radiating fan 302.
Further, the fuel cell water temperature control system further comprises a controller 9, an inlet temperature sensor 2 arranged on a pipeline of the cooling liquid inlet 101 and an outlet temperature sensor 8 arranged on a pipeline of the cooling liquid outlet 102, and the water pump 7, the first control valve 10, the second control valve 11, the inlet temperature sensor 2, the outlet temperature sensor 8, the heat dissipation component 3 and the heat generation component 5 are all in communication connection with the controller 9.
The embodiment also provides a control method of the fuel cell water temperature control system, which comprises the following steps:
when the reactor-entering temperature does not meet the target temperature, the opening degrees of the first control valve 10 and the second control valve 11 are adjusted through an algorithm, so that the total flow of the parallel flow paths of the large circulation flow path 4 and the small circulation flow path 6 is kept unchanged;
calculating the corresponding rotating speed of the water pump 7 according to a water pump characteristic curve equation, namely the MAP characteristic of the water pump, the total resistance dP of the parallel flow paths of the large circulation flow path 4 and the small circulation flow path 6 and the total flow of the parallel flow paths, and then reversely adjusting the rotating speed of the water pump 7;
and regulating the temperature of the cooling liquid in the reactor to the target temperature, and finishing.
Specifically, the algorithm is as follows:
Figure 304662DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
wherein, K1The resistance characteristic coefficients of the heat-radiating member 3 and the large circulation flow path 4 are estimated to be close to a constant value; k2The resistance characteristic coefficients of the heat generating component 5 and the small circulation flow path 6 are estimated to be close to a constant value; k11The first control valve 10 resistance coefficient; k12The resistance coefficient of the second control valve 11; q1A target value of the flow rate of the large circulation flow path 4; q2A target value of the flow rate of the small circulation flow path 6; q is a target value of the total flow of the parallel flow paths; dP is the total resistance of the parallel flow path.
Specifically, the target reactor-entering temperature of a certain working condition is set to be T. And the reactor temperature and temperature difference data are collected by the controller 9. When the reactor inlet temperature does not meet the target temperature: the opening degrees of the first control valve 10 and the second control valve 11 are adjusted through an algorithm, so that the flow resistance characteristic K is obtained11、K12Change, K11And K12Independent of each other and can be freely adjusted. The demand Q is obtained from the relation (4)1/Q2Determining the opening degrees of the first control valve 10 and the second control valve 11 corresponding to the flow ratio, and determining the resistance characteristic coefficient K11、K12Therefore, according to the relation formula (1), the corresponding dP at the moment is obtained, the total resistance dP of the parallel flow paths is changed, and in order to ensure that the total flow Q of the parallel flow paths before and after the adjustment is not changed, the corresponding target water pump rotating speed is searched according to the known relation formulas (3), Q and dP, and the rotating speed is adjusted. The MAP characteristic of the water pump refers to the capacity of the water pump, that is, a relation graph of the flow rate of the water pump at different lifts corresponding to different rotating speeds of the water pump 7, and is usually obtained through testing. The flow distribution of the large and small circulating flow paths is changed through the common regulation and control of the first control valve 10, the second control valve 11 and the water pump 7, meanwhile, the total flow of the parallel flow paths of the large and small circulating flow paths is kept unchanged, and the temperature regulation of the cooling liquid entering the reactor is realized.
In the fuel cell water temperature control system and the control method thereof according to the present embodiment, the first control valve 10 is connected in series to the large circulation flow path 4, and the second control valve 11 is connected in series to the small circulation flow path 6, instead of the thermostat 12, and the independent first control valve 10 and second control valve 11 provide a high degree of freedom in control coupling and flexible control. Specifically, the acquisition is performed by the controller 9And (4) reactor temperature and temperature difference data. When the reactor inlet temperature does not meet the target temperature: the opening degrees of the first control valve 10 and the second control valve 11 are adjusted through an algorithm, so that the flow resistance characteristic K is obtained11、K12Change due to K11And K12Independent of each other and can be freely adjusted. According to the algorithm, the flow distribution of the large circulation flow path 4 and the small circulation flow path 6 is changed, so that the temperature of the cooling liquid entering the reactor is adjusted. The algorithm can know that the total resistance dP of the parallel flow path is changed, and in order to ensure that the total flow of the parallel flow path before and after adjustment is not changed, the corresponding rotating speed of the water pump 7 is calculated according to a water pump characteristic curve equation (namely the MAP characteristic of the water pump), the dP after adjustment and the total flow of the parallel flow path in the algorithm, and the rotating speed is output to the water pump 7. The flow distribution of the large and small circulating flow paths is changed through the common regulation and control of the first control valve 10, the second control valve 11 and the water pump 7, and meanwhile, the total flow of the large and small circulating flow paths is kept unchanged.
It is to be noted that the foregoing is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles employed. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments illustrated herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in greater detail by the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include other equivalent embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A fuel cell water temperature control system, the fuel cell comprising a stack (1), the stack (1) being provided with a coolant inlet (101) and a coolant outlet (102), characterized in that the water temperature control system comprises: the cooling system comprises a first control valve (10), a heat dissipation component (3), a heat generation component (5), a second control valve (11) and a water circulation power device, wherein a cooling liquid inlet (101), the heat dissipation component (3), the water circulation power device and a cooling liquid outlet (102) are sequentially connected through a pipeline to form a large circulation flow path (4), the cooling liquid inlet (101), the heat generation component (5), the water circulation power device and the cooling liquid outlet (102) are sequentially connected through a pipeline to form a small circulation flow path (6), and the large circulation flow path (4) and the small circulation flow path (6) are connected in parallel.
2. The fuel cell water temperature control system according to claim 1, wherein the water circulation power device is a water pump (7).
3. The fuel cell water temperature control system according to claim 2, further comprising a controller (9), wherein the first control valve (10) and the second control valve (11) are each communicatively connected to the controller (9).
4. The fuel cell water temperature control system according to claim 3, further comprising an inlet temperature sensor (2) provided on the coolant inlet (101) line and an outlet temperature sensor (8) provided on the coolant outlet (102) line, the inlet temperature sensor (2) and the outlet temperature sensor (8) each being in communication connection with the controller (9).
5. The fuel cell water temperature control system according to claim 4, the water pump (7) being communicatively connected to the controller (9).
6. The fuel cell water temperature control system according to claim 5, wherein the heat-radiating member (3) and the heat-generating member (5) are each communicatively connected to the controller (9).
7. The fuel cell water temperature control system according to claim 2, wherein the heat radiating member (3) includes a heat radiator (301) and a heat radiating fan (302).
8. The fuel cell water temperature control system according to claim 2, wherein the heat generating component (5) is a resistor assembly.
9. A control method of a fuel cell water temperature control system according to any one of claims 2 to 8, characterized by comprising the steps of:
when the reactor temperature does not meet the target temperature, the opening degrees of the first control valve (10) and the second control valve (11) are adjusted through an algorithm, so that the total flow of the parallel flow paths of the large circulation flow path (4) and the small circulation flow path (6) is kept unchanged;
calculating the corresponding rotating speed of the water pump (7) according to the MAP characteristics of the water pump, the total resistance dP of the parallel flow paths of the large circulation flow path (4) and the small circulation flow path (6) and the total flow rate of the parallel flow paths, and then reversely adjusting the rotating speed of the water pump (7);
and regulating the temperature of the cooling liquid in the reactor to the target temperature, and finishing.
10. Control method according to claim 9, characterized in that the algorithm is as follows:
Figure 83538DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
wherein, K1The resistance characteristic coefficients of the heat dissipation component (3) and the large circulation flow path (4) are close to a fixed value and can be calculated; k2The resistance characteristic coefficients of the heating component (5) and the small circulation flow path (6) are close to a fixed value and can be calculated; k11Is a resistance coefficient of the first control valve (10); k12Is the resistance coefficient of the second control valve (11); q1Is a target value of the flow rate of the large circulation flow path (4); q2Is a target value of the flow rate of the small circulation flow path (6); q is a target value of the total flow of the parallel flow paths; dP is the total resistance of the parallel flow path.
CN202110689601.8A 2021-06-22 2021-06-22 Fuel cell water temperature control system and control method thereof Pending CN113224348A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116314961A (en) * 2023-05-23 2023-06-23 上海重塑能源科技有限公司 Control method, system and device for flow of cooling liquid of electric pile

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116314961A (en) * 2023-05-23 2023-06-23 上海重塑能源科技有限公司 Control method, system and device for flow of cooling liquid of electric pile
CN116314961B (en) * 2023-05-23 2023-08-11 上海重塑能源科技有限公司 Control method, system and device for flow of cooling liquid of electric pile

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