CN113224179A - 晶体硅太阳能电池钝化层及其制备方法、电池 - Google Patents

晶体硅太阳能电池钝化层及其制备方法、电池 Download PDF

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CN113224179A
CN113224179A CN202110467825.4A CN202110467825A CN113224179A CN 113224179 A CN113224179 A CN 113224179A CN 202110467825 A CN202110467825 A CN 202110467825A CN 113224179 A CN113224179 A CN 113224179A
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corrosion
silicon
solar cell
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习冬勇
福井健次
应小卡
夏吉东
陈刚
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Zhejiang Aiko Solar Energy Technology Co Ltd
Guangdong Aiko Technology Co Ltd
Tianjin Aiko Solar Energy Technology Co Ltd
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Guangdong Aiko Technology Co Ltd
Tianjin Aiko Solar Energy Technology Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
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    • H01L31/0747Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PN heterojunction type comprising a AIVBIV heterojunction, e.g. Si/Ge, SiGe/Si or Si/SiC solar cells comprising a heterojunction of crystalline and amorphous materials, e.g. heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer
    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H01L31/00Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种HBC太阳能电池,其包括:硅基底,依次设于所述硅基底正面的至少一层钝化层和至少一层耐腐蚀介质层,以及依次设于所述硅基底背面的本征非晶硅层、呈交叉指状排列的掺杂非晶硅层、透明导电层和电极层;所述耐腐蚀介质层由碳氮化硅或碳化硅制成。实施本发明,可提升受光面的耐腐蚀性能,减少掩膜清洗带来的受光面损伤问题,提升电池的转换效率。

Description

晶体硅太阳能电池钝化层及其制备方法、电池
技术领域
本发明涉及晶体硅太阳能电池领域,尤其涉及一种晶体硅太阳能电池钝化层及其制备方法、电池。
背景技术
叉指型背接触异质结单晶硅太阳电池(Interdigitated Back Contact SiliconHeterojunction Solar Cell,简称HBC太阳电池)兼具叉指型背接触太阳电池(Interdigitated back contact Solar Cell,简称IBC太阳电池)和带有薄本征层的异质结太阳电池(Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin-layer Solar Cell,简称HIT太阳电池)的优点,既移除了前表面金属电极,减少了遮光损失,获得了较大的短路电流,又通过在重掺的非晶硅与晶体硅之间插入了一层高质量的本征非晶硅钝化层大幅降低了界面态,减少了表面复合,提高了开路电压,是目前世界上光电转换效率最高的单晶硅太阳电池。
HBC太阳能电池生产过程中,为了实现P型非晶硅层和N型非晶硅层的隔离,往往需要采用掩膜-光刻-刻蚀-清除掩膜的工艺添加隔离层。另外,一些研究者也会采用两步光刻的工艺来实现HBC背面结构图形。但是,光刻工艺中的掩膜需要清洗去除,而清洗试剂会对HBC太阳能电池受光面带来腐蚀性损伤,导致HBC太阳能电池光学性能及电学性能下降。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于,提供一种HBC太阳能电池,其可提升受光面的耐腐蚀性能,减少掩膜清洗带来的受光面损伤问题,提升电池的转换效率。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明公开了一种HBC太阳能电池,其包括:硅基底,依次设于所述硅基底正面的至少一层钝化层和至少一层耐腐蚀介质层,以及依次设于所述硅基底背面的本征非晶硅层、呈交叉指状排列的掺杂非晶硅层、透明导电层和电极层;
所述耐腐蚀介质层由碳氮化硅或碳化硅制成。
作为上述技术方案的改进,所述耐腐蚀介质层的折射率为1.9-2.8。
作为上述技术方案的改进,包括至少两层耐腐蚀介质层,且靠近所述钝化层的耐腐蚀介质层的折射率<远离所述钝化层的耐腐蚀介质层的折射率。
作为上述技术方案的改进,包括依次设置在所述钝化层上的第一耐腐蚀介质层、第二耐腐蚀介质层和第三耐腐蚀介质层;
所述第一耐腐蚀介质层的折射率<所述第二耐腐蚀介质层的折射率<所述第三耐腐蚀介质层的折射率。
作为上述技术方案的改进,所述钝化层由氧化硅、氧化铝、氮化硅或氮氧化硅中的一种制成。
作为上述技术方案的改进,包括依次设置在所述硅基底正面的第一钝化层、第二钝化层和第三钝化层。
作为上述技术方案的改进,所述第一钝化层有氧化硅制成,所述第二钝化层有氧化铝制成,所述第三钝化层由氮化硅或氮氧化硅制成。
作为上述技术方案的改进,所述耐腐蚀介质层由热生长、化学气相沉积法或电化学镀膜法形成。
作为上述技术方案的改进,所述硅基底为P型硅基底或N型硅基底。
作为上述技术方案的改进,所述硅基底的正面和/或背面设有绒面结构。
实施本发明,具有如下有益效果:
本发明的HBC太阳能电池,在硅基底正面——受光面设置了耐腐蚀介质层,其可有效提升受光面的耐腐蚀性能,减少掩膜清洗带来的受光面损伤问题,提高电池的短路电流,进而提升电池的光电转换效率。
附图说明
图1是本发明一实施例中HBC太阳能电池的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合附图对本发明作进一步地详细描述。仅此声明,本发明在文中出现或即将出现的上、下、左、右、前、后、内、外等方位用词,仅以本发明的附图为基准,其并不是对本发明的具体限定。
参见图1,本实施例提供一种HBC太阳能电池,其包括硅基底1,依次设于硅基底1正面的钝化层2和耐腐蚀介质层3,以及依次设于硅基底1背面的本征非晶硅层4、呈交叉指状排列的掺杂非晶硅层5、透明导电层6和电极层7;其中,耐腐蚀介质层由碳氮化硅和/或碳化硅制成;这两种材料可有效抵抗掩膜清洗液的腐蚀,从而保护硅基底1正面——受光面,防止受光面损伤,提升HBC太阳能电池的短路电流、转换效率。
为了防止耐腐蚀介质层3影响受光面的吸收太阳光的效率,应控制其折射率为1.9~2.8,示例性的可为2.0、2.2、2.4、2.5或2.8,但不限于此。
具体的,耐腐蚀介质层3为单层或叠层结构。当采用单层结构时,其折射率随其厚度呈梯度变化。当耐腐蚀介质层3为叠层结构时,应控制靠近内部(靠近钝化层2的一侧)的耐腐蚀介质层3的折射率<靠近外部(远离钝化层2的一侧)的耐腐蚀介质层3的折射率。具体的,叠层结构可为双层、三层、四层或五层,但不限于此。更佳地,多层耐腐蚀介质层3的折射率由内部至外部呈梯次递增。具体的,在本实施例中,在钝化层2上依次设有第一耐腐蚀介质层3a、第二耐腐蚀介质层3b和第三耐腐蚀介质层3c;其中,第一耐腐蚀介质层3a的折射率为1.8,第二耐腐蚀介质层3b的折射率为2.0,第三耐腐蚀介质层3c的折射率为2.3;该配置结构可最大程度地提升受光面的吸光效率。
具体的,耐腐蚀介质层3可由热生长、化学气相沉积法或电化学镀膜法形成,但不限于此。
其中,硅基底1可为P型单晶硅或N型单晶硅,但不限于此。进一步的,为了提升太阳光的吸收效率,在硅基底1的正面和/或背面设置绒面结构。
其中,钝化层2可由非晶硅、氧化硅、氧化铝、氮化硅或氮氧化硅中的一种或多种制成,但不限于此。钝化层2可为单层结构或叠层结构,但不限于此。优选的,为了配合的耐腐蚀介质层3,在本实施例中,在硅基底1的正面设置第一钝化层2a、第二钝化层2b和第三钝化层2c,其中,第一钝化层2a为氧化硅层,第二钝化层2b为氧化铝层,第三钝化层2c为氮化硅层或氮氧化硅层。这种配置的钝化层2不仅钝化效果良好,也可与耐腐蚀介质层3配合,提升吸光效率。
具体的,掺杂非晶硅层5为P型掺杂非晶硅层和N型掺杂非晶硅层,其呈交叉指状排列,且相邻掺杂非晶硅层5之间呈绝缘隔离。
具体的,透明导电层6为以ITO为主要成分的氧化物,其覆盖在掺杂非晶硅层5表面,且呈交叉指状排列,且相邻透明导电层6呈绝缘隔离。
具体的,电极层7设置在透明导电层6上。其为丝网印刷的银电极或电镀铜电极,其可导出电流。
需要说明的是,本发明中硅基底1背面的结构不限于上述实现方式,本领域技术人员可根据具体的情况对各种层结构进行删除、增加或替换。
以上所述是发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种HBC太阳能电池,其特征在于,包括:硅基底,依次设于所述硅基底正面的至少一层钝化层和至少一层耐腐蚀介质层,以及依次设于所述硅基底背面的本征非晶硅层、呈交叉指状排列的掺杂非晶硅层、透明导电层和电极层;
所述耐腐蚀介质层由碳氮化硅或碳化硅制成。
2.如权利要求1所述的HBC太阳能电池,其特征在于,所述耐腐蚀介质层的折射率为1.9-2.8。
3.如权利要求2所述的HBC太阳能电池,其特征在于,包括至少两层耐腐蚀介质层,且靠近所述钝化层的耐腐蚀介质层的折射率<远离所述钝化层的耐腐蚀介质层的折射率。
4.如权利要求1所述的HBC太阳能电池,其特征在于,包括依次设置在所述钝化层上的第一耐腐蚀介质层、第二耐腐蚀介质层和第三耐腐蚀介质层;
所述第一耐腐蚀介质层的折射率<所述第二耐腐蚀介质层的折射率<所述第三耐腐蚀介质层的折射率。
5.如权利要求1所述的HBC太阳能电池,其特征在于,所述钝化层由氧化硅、氧化铝、氮化硅或氮氧化硅中的一种制成。
6.如权利要求1所述的HBC太阳能电池,其特征在于,包括依次设置在所述硅基底正面的第一钝化层、第二钝化层和第三钝化层。
7.如权利要求6所述的HBC太阳能电池,其特征在于,所述第一钝化层有氧化硅制成,所述第二钝化层有氧化铝制成,所述第三钝化层由氮化硅或氮氧化硅制成。
8.如权利要求1所述的HBC太阳能电池,其特征在于,所述耐腐蚀介质层由化学气相沉积法或电化学镀膜法形成。
9.如权利要求1所述的HBC太阳能电池,其特征在于,所述硅基底为P型硅基底或N型硅基底。
10.如权利要求1所述的HBC太阳能电池,其特征在于,所述硅基底的正面和/或背面设有绒面结构。
CN202110467825.4A 2021-04-28 2021-04-28 晶体硅太阳能电池钝化层及其制备方法、电池 Pending CN113224179A (zh)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115050855A (zh) * 2021-12-31 2022-09-13 普乐新能源科技(徐州)有限公司 一种激光掺杂非晶硅的hbc太阳能电池及制备方法
CN115347076A (zh) * 2022-07-26 2022-11-15 隆基绿能科技股份有限公司 太阳能电池及制备方法、光伏组件

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115050855A (zh) * 2021-12-31 2022-09-13 普乐新能源科技(徐州)有限公司 一种激光掺杂非晶硅的hbc太阳能电池及制备方法
CN115347076A (zh) * 2022-07-26 2022-11-15 隆基绿能科技股份有限公司 太阳能电池及制备方法、光伏组件

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