CN113217541B - 多孔质环带排气型静压气浮止推轴承 - Google Patents

多孔质环带排气型静压气浮止推轴承 Download PDF

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CN113217541B
CN113217541B CN202110457827.5A CN202110457827A CN113217541B CN 113217541 B CN113217541 B CN 113217541B CN 202110457827 A CN202110457827 A CN 202110457827A CN 113217541 B CN113217541 B CN 113217541B
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温众普
石照耀
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Beijing University of Technology
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Abstract

多孔质环带排气型静压气浮止推轴承属于气浮轴承与气体润滑技术领域;该装置通过在轴向支承气膜与径向支承气膜交汇处开设排气管道,并与流量控制装置相连,使交汇处具有稳定的可调的压力边界,使轴承具有更好的自适应性,提高了气膜内的平均压强,使轴承在多种供气条件及负载变化的条件下,仍具有良好的承载和刚度特性。通过小孔节流与多孔质限流结构结合使用,可以在多孔质材料由于堵塞造成的孔隙度降低的情况下,仍能保证气体流量不受损失,提高了轴承的刚度。通过流量控制装置来调节冗余气体排出的速率,可以提高稳定状态的抗干扰性以适应多种供气条件及变化的负载。达到了兼顾静压气体轴承的承载、刚度以及稳定性的目的。

Description

多孔质环带排气型静压气浮止推轴承
技术领域
本发明涉及一种气浮止推轴承,特别涉及一种高刚度、高稳定性的多孔质环带排气型静压气浮止推轴承。
背景技术
静压气浮轴承因其长寿命、高精度、低功耗、阻尼特性好、速度范围宽和便于加工等显著优点,在精密及超精密工程、微细工程、空间技术、航空航天医疗器械以及核能工程等领域有着重要应用。为此,众多学者对其进行了不辍研究,以期实现轴承性能的优化与提高。
专利CN200810209792.8“一种多孔质气体静压止推轴承”、专利CN201110070094.6“双柱面多孔质气体静压电主轴”、CN201410635802.X“一种带均压环槽的双半球多孔质空气静压轴系”中均描述了以多孔质为材料的零件或结构单元,但没有给出能够实现高稳定性的轴承结构,且没有解决多孔质材料本身易于堵塞的问题。而本发明详细描述了一种多孔质环带排气型静压气浮止推轴承,并将多孔质材料应用于限流和排气,避免了多孔质材料本身易于堵塞导致节流性能下降的问题。
专利CN201810238115.2“一种带有多孔介质垫片的磁气双悬浮径向轴承”、专利CN201810258343.6“一种带有多孔介质的磁气双悬浮轴向轴承、CN201810890722.7“一种带有多孔介质的磁气双悬浮分断式锥形轴承”中均描述了以多孔质为材料与磁悬浮技术结合的功能性能轴承,但没有给出同时实现轴、径双向支撑导向功能。而本发明详细描述了一种多孔质环带排气型静压气浮止推轴承,采用小孔节流与多孔质限流相结合的思路,发明了一种同时具有轴向和径向气浮支撑的止推轴承结构。
专利CN201810910337.4“一种真空吸附型多孔质气体静压止推轴承”、专利CN201811259257.3“一种小孔-多孔质节流组合式气浮主轴、CN201910501896.4“多孔气体轴承”中均描述了小孔节流与多孔质材料相结合的轴承结构,但多孔质的功能为进气、小孔为排气,因此仍然存在易堵塞问题。而本发明详细描述了一种小孔节流器为进气、多孔质环带为排气功能的轴径双向气浮推轴承结构,从原理上避免了多孔质材料本身易于堵塞导致轴承性能下降的问题。
现有的技术均没有使用出口压力边界可控的思想和方法,特别是在轴向支承气膜与径向支承气膜交汇处不能产生稳定的气压,容易诱发气锤震动,造成轴承失稳。本发明通过采用多孔质材料以及多种节流形式的复合,实现出口压力边界的控制,能够将交汇处的冗余气体排出,与此同时可将轴向节流器的入口压力适当提高以达到新的平衡,在这种平衡状态下气膜的间的平均压强更高,经过压力均化效应,能够获得更高的承载和刚度以及更好的稳定性。通过流量控制装置来调节冗余气体排出的速率,使轴承可以适应多种供气条件及变化的负载。达到了兼顾静压气体轴承的承载、刚度以及稳定性的目的。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是针对上述已有技术存在的由于多孔质材料易堵影响轴承性能的问题以及轴向支承气膜与径向支承气膜交汇处的气压不稳定的问题,提出一种多孔质环带排气型复合式静压气体止推轴承。通过在静压气体止推轴承的轴向支承气膜与径向支承气膜交汇处开设排气管道,并与流量控制装置相连,使交汇处具有稳定的可调的压力边界,使静压气体止推轴承具有更好的自适应性,提高了气膜内的平均压强,使轴承在多种供气条件及负载变化的条件下,仍具有良好的承载和刚度特性。通过气膜入口小孔节流与排气入口多孔质节流复合式流量控制结构,在多孔质材料由于堵塞造成的孔隙度降低的情况下,仍能保证气体流量不受损失,起到了均化压力的效果,提高了轴承的刚度。通过流量控制装置来调节冗余气体排出的速率,提高稳定状态的抗干扰性以适应多种供气条件及变化的负载,达到兼顾静压气体轴承的承载、刚度以及稳定性的目的。
上述目的通过以下的技术方案实现:
多孔质环带排气型静压气浮止推轴承,包括气浮套1、气浮轴2、导气管3和流量控制装置4。所述的气浮套1包括基座7和多孔质环5,基座7上在径向支承气膜b一侧沿圆周均匀分布有径向支承节流器9,基座7上在轴向支承气膜c一侧沿圆周均匀分布有轴向支承节流器10,基座7上在轴向支承气膜c与径向支承气膜b的交汇处开设有弧形的气腔6,基座7上在气腔6下方开设有排气管道8;多孔质环5镶嵌基座7上,多孔质环5位于气腔6上方,气腔6与排气管道8相连通,排气管道8通过导气管3与流量控制装置4相连通;工作时,通过轴向支承节流器10,向轴承间隙充入高压气体,基座7与轴向气浮工作面d配合形成轴向支承气膜c,为静压气体止推轴承提供轴向支承,通过径向支承节流器9,向轴承间隙充入高压气体,基座7与径向气浮工作面a配合形成径向支承气膜b,为静压气体止推轴承提供径向支承;两股高压气体在多孔质环5附近交汇,并通过多孔质环5经由气腔6进入排气管道8,排气管道8内的气体通过导气管3进入流量控制装置4内部,可通过流量控制装置4调节排气速度进而控制气体质量流量。
所述的基座7上开设有气腔6,气腔6位于排气管道8与多孔质环5之间;所述的气腔6可采用连续式气腔11、分隔式气腔12或者沟道连通的分隔式气腔13。
所述的多孔质环5采用不易堵塞的高孔隙度材料,可采用连续式结构14,或分隔式结构15。
所述的多孔质环5通过结构变化可调节对轴向支承气膜c与径向支承气膜d内的气体的吸收比例,采用增加多孔质环5与轴向支承气膜c的接触面积的方式,排出径向支承节流器9提供的过剩气体,并降低轴向支承气膜c的压力。
本发明具有以下特点及有益效果:
1、本发明方法与装置通过在静压气体止推轴承的轴向支承气膜与径向支承气膜交汇处开设排气管道,并与流量控制装置相连,使交汇处具有稳定的可调的压力边界,使静压气体止推轴承具有更好的自适应性,提高了气膜内的平均压强,使轴承在多种供气条件及负载变化的条件下,仍具有良好的承载和刚度特性。
2、本发明方法与装置通过气膜入口小孔节流与排气入口多孔质节流复合式流量控制结构,在多孔质材料由于堵塞造成的孔隙度降低的情况下,仍能保证气体流量不受损失,起到了均化压力的效果,提高了轴承的刚度。
3、本发明方法与装置通过流量控制装置来调节冗余气体排出的速率,不仅加快了稳定状态的形成,还能提高稳定状态的抗干扰性以适应多种供气条件及变化的负载。达到了兼顾静压气体轴承的承载、刚度以及稳定性的目的。
附图说明
图1为多孔质环带排气型静压气浮止推轴承的结构示意图;
图2为局部放大图;
图3为基座零件图;
图4为多孔质环零件图;
图5为连续式气腔的俯视图;
图6为分隔式气腔的俯视图;
图7为沟道连通的分隔式气腔的俯视图;
图8为带有连续式结构的多孔质环零件的俯视图;
图9为带有分隔式结构的多孔质环零件的俯视图;
图中:1、气浮套;2、气浮轴;3、导气管;4、流量控制装置;5、多孔质环;6、气腔;7、基座;8、排气管道;9、径向支承节流器;10、轴向支承节流器;11、连续式气腔;12、分隔式气腔;13、沟道连通的分隔式气腔;14、连续式结构;15、分隔式结构;a、径向气浮工作面;b、径向支承气膜;c、轴向支承气膜;d、轴向气浮工作面。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的技术手段、创作特征、达成目标与功效易于明白了解,下面结合具体实施方式,进一步阐述本发明。
参照图1,本发明的一种多孔质环带排气型静压气浮止推轴承,包括气浮套1、气浮轴2、导气管3和流量控制装置4。
参照图2,所述的气浮套1包括基座7和多孔质环5,基座7上在径向支承气膜b一侧沿圆周均匀分布有径向支承节流器9,基座7上在轴向支承气膜c一侧沿圆周均匀分布有轴向支承节流器10,基座7上在轴向支承气膜c与径向支承气膜d的交汇处开设有气腔6,基座7上在气腔6下方开设有排气管道8,多孔质环5镶嵌基座7上,位于气腔6上方并通过气腔6与排气管道8的气体入口相连,排气管道8的气体出口通过导气管3与流量控制装置4相连;
参照图3,为所述的基座7的零件图。
参照图4,为所述的多孔质环5的剖视图。
参照图5-7,所述的气腔可采用连续式气腔、分隔式气腔或者沟道连通的分隔式气腔。
参照图8、9,所述的多孔质环可采用连续式结构,或分隔式结构。
本实施方式的多孔质环带排气型复合式静压气体止推轴承在工作时,通过轴向支承节流器10,向轴承间隙充入高压气体,基座7与轴向气浮工作面d配合形成轴向支承气膜c,为静压气体止推轴承提供轴向支承;通过径向支承节流器9,向轴承间隙充入高压气体,基座7与径向气浮工作面a配合形成径向支承气膜b,为静压气体止推轴承提供径向支承;两股高压气体在多孔质环5处交汇,并通过多孔质环5经由气腔6进入排气管道8;排气管道8内的气体通过导气管3进入流量控制装置4内部;流量控制装置4通过调节排气速度进而控制气体流量,从而达到反馈控制气膜的承载和刚度目的。
上述的一种多孔质环带排气型复合式静压气体止推轴承,所述的基座7上开设有气腔6,气腔6位于排气管道8与多孔质环5之间;所述的气腔6可采用连续式气腔11、分隔式气腔12或者沟道连通的分隔式气腔13。
上述的一种多孔质环带排气型复合式静压气体止推轴承,所述的多孔质环5可采用连续式结构14,或分隔式结构15。
上述的一种多孔质环带排气型复合式静压气体止推轴承,所述的多孔质环5通过结构变化可调节对轴向支承气膜c与径向支承气膜d内的气体的吸收比例。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中的描述只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明的范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附属的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (3)

1.多孔质环带排气型静压气浮止推轴承,包括气浮套(1)、气浮轴(2)、导气管(3)和流量控制装置(4),其特征在于:所述的气浮套(1)包括基座(7)和多孔质环(5),基座(7)上在径向支承气膜(b)一侧沿圆周均匀分布有径向支承节流器(9),基座(7)上在轴向支承气膜(c)一侧沿圆周均匀分布有轴向支承节流器(10),基座(7)上在轴向支承气膜(c)与径向支承气膜(b)的交汇处开设有弧形的气腔(6),基座(7)上在气腔(6)下方开设有排气管道(8);多孔质环(5)镶嵌基座(7)上,多孔质环(5)位于气腔(6)上方,气腔(6)与排气管道(8)相连通,排气管道(8)通过导气管(3)与流量控制装置(4)相连通;工作时,通过轴向支承节流器(10),向轴承间隙充入高压气体,基座(7)与轴向气浮工作面(d)配合形成轴向支承气膜(c),为静压气体止推轴承提供轴向支承,通过径向支承节流器(9),向轴承间隙充入高压气体,基座(7)与径向气浮工作面(a)配合形成径向支承气膜(b),为静压气体止推轴承提供径向支承;两股高压气体在多孔质环(5)附近交汇,并通过多孔质环(5)经由气腔(6)进入排气管道(8),排气管道(8)内的气体通过导气管(3)进入流量控制装置(4)内部,可通过流量控制装置(4)调节排气速度进而控制气体质量流量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多孔质环带排气型复合式静压气体止推轴承,其特征在于:所述的基座(7)上开设有气腔(6),气腔(6)位于排气管道(8)与多孔质环(5)之间;所述的气腔(6)采用连续式气腔(11)、分隔式气腔(12)或者沟道连通的分隔式气腔(13)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的多孔质环带排气型复合式静压气体止推轴承,其特征在于:所述的多孔质环(5)通过结构变化可调节对轴向支承气膜(c)与径向支承气膜(d)内的气体的吸收比例,采用增加多孔质环(5)与轴向支承气膜(c)的接触面积的方式,排出径向支承节流器(9)提供的过剩气体,并降低轴向支承气膜(c)的压力。
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