CN113217098A - Construction drainage method and device suitable for extra-long deep-buried tunnel and extra-deep vertical shaft - Google Patents
Construction drainage method and device suitable for extra-long deep-buried tunnel and extra-deep vertical shaft Download PDFInfo
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- CN113217098A CN113217098A CN202110558568.5A CN202110558568A CN113217098A CN 113217098 A CN113217098 A CN 113217098A CN 202110558568 A CN202110558568 A CN 202110558568A CN 113217098 A CN113217098 A CN 113217098A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F16/00—Drainage
- E21F16/02—Drainage of tunnels
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D7/00—Shaft equipment, e.g. timbering within the shaft
Abstract
The invention discloses a drainage method suitable for an extra-long deep buried tunnel and an extra-deep vertical shaft, which comprises the following steps: step one, burying the water injection pipe: after the tunnel is excavated at the bottom, vertical guide pipes are arranged on the left side and the right side of the bottom of the tunnel, the tail ends of the water injection pipes are inserted into the guide pipes, and water injection valves are arranged at the upper ends of the water injection pipes to finish the embedding of the water injection pipes; step two, burying a water collecting pipe: after the tunnel main body clearance excavation is finished, a plurality of horizontal guide pipes are embedded in the vertical side walls at the lower parts of the left side wall and the right side wall of the tunnel, and a primary support structure is constructed; the distal end of each header pipe is inserted into each guide hole. Step three, connecting and installing a drainage system: and step four, starting a drainage system. By adopting the method, the underground water in the area near the tunnel excavation surface is guided and discharged, and the surrounding rock is injected again in the area where the waterproof layer and the lining layer are applied behind the excavation surface, so that the energy consumption is low and the influence on an underground water system is small while the normal construction is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction, and particularly relates to a construction drainage method and a construction drainage device suitable for an extra-long deep buried tunnel and an extra-deep vertical shaft.
Background
With the continuous development of traffic construction, the buried depth and the length of the tunnel are continuously increased, particularly in southwest areas, mountains have high water pressure, the tunnel is exposed to the problems of high water pressure and large water volume in the construction process, pumping and drainage are difficult, and underground water systems are greatly disturbed and damaged. For example, the total length of a built Gaili tribute mountain tunnel is 35km, the buried depth is generally more than 500m, wherein the depth of a No. 1 vertical shaft is about 750m, a station yard is arranged at the bottom of the vertical shaft for coping with accidental water outlet of the excavation surface of the tunnel, and the area of a temporary water storage pool only exceeds 1000m2。
In the conventional tunnel construction excavation process, for sporadic water discharge of an excavation face, the sporadic water discharge is finally discharged out of a tunnel portal or a shaft portal by adopting a water collection, multi-stage water storage and multi-stage pumping drainage mode, and the sporadic water discharge faces an extra-long deep buried tunnel and an extra-long vertical shaft, the water pressure is extremely high and is more than 10MPa, the drainage distance is extremely long, the horizontal direction exceeds 5km, the vertical direction exceeds 500m, the water discharge amount is extremely large and is more than 30m3The conventional method has huge energy consumption, and can cause great disturbance to water systems and even influence the growth of surface vegetation in a large area, such as a national level A natural conservation area and a world species gene bank.
Therefore, there is a need for an operable and relatively convenient temporary drainage method for construction, which can reduce the energy consumption for pumping and draining water, has small interference to the underground water system and protects the whole environment while ensuring the normal construction of the tunnel.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a drainage method suitable for the ultra-long deep-buried tunnel and the ultra-deep vertical shaft aiming at the defects of the prior art, underground water in the area near the tunnel excavation surface is guided and drained, surrounding rock is re-injected into the area behind the excavation surface where the waterproof layer and the lining layer are applied, normal construction is ensured, meanwhile, the energy consumption is low, the efficiency is high, the influence on an underground water system is small, and the environment can be well protected.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that the construction drainage method is suitable for the ultra-long deep-buried tunnel and the ultra-deep vertical shaft, and comprises the following steps:
step one, burying a water injection pipe:
after the tunnel is excavated at the bottom, arranging vertical guide pipes on the left side and the right side of the bottom of the tunnel, then sequentially constructing a primary support structure at the bottom of the tunnel, paving a bottom waterproof layer and pouring a tunnel bottom plate; drilling water injection holes at the positions of the vertical guide pipes on the solidified tunnel bottom plate, wherein the water injection holes are communicated with the vertical guide pipes at the corresponding positions; inserting the tail end of each water injection pipe into each guide pipe, and installing a water injection valve at the upper end of each water injection pipe to finish the embedding of the water injection pipe;
repeating the embedding process of the water injection pipe along the excavation direction of the tunnel; and when the distance between the excavation surface and the rear water injection pipe is not less than 100m and not more than 150m, the water injection pipe is put into use.
Step two, burying a water collecting pipe:
after the tunnel main body clearance excavation is finished, a plurality of horizontal guide pipes are embedded in the vertical side walls at the lower parts of the left side wall and the right side wall of the tunnel, a primary support structure is constructed, and the plurality of horizontal guide pipes are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the tunnel; drilling guide holes on the primary support structure and at the positions of the horizontal guide pipes; inserting the far end of each water collecting pipe into each guide hole, and installing a water outlet valve at the near end of each water collecting pipe;
step three, connecting and installing a drainage system:
a pre-processor, a connecting pipe, an auxiliary booster pump and a one-way flow stopper are sequentially connected between the water outlet valve and the water injection valve through the water outlet valve end, so that the one-way flow stopper is connected with the water injection valve; a slag discharge valve is arranged on a vertical arm of the pre-processor;
step four, starting a drainage system: the groundwater is collected by the far end of the water collecting pipe and flows into the tail end of the water injection pipe to be injected into the surrounding rock stratum.
Further, the specific process of the fourth step is as follows: opening a slag discharging valve and a water outlet valve, collecting underground water from the far end of a water collecting pipe and flowing into the water collecting pipe, enabling the water flow to flow out of the slag discharging valve along with slag particles, closing the slag discharging valve after the water flow is clear, opening a water injection valve, starting an auxiliary booster pump, collecting the underground water from accessory surrounding rocks of an excavation surface through the water collecting pipe, sequentially flowing through a front processor, a connecting pipe, the auxiliary booster pump, a one-way flow stopper, a water injection valve and a water injection pipe, and injecting the underground water into a surrounding rock stratum from the tail end of the water injection pipe.
Further, forming a new excavation surface along with the advancing of the excavation surface, repeating the step two in the area of the new excavation surface, and burying a water collecting pipe;
and closing the drainage system, removing the connection between the pre-processor and the water collecting pipe in the original excavation surface area, communicating the pre-processor and the water collecting pipe in the new excavation surface area to form a new drainage system, and starting drainage.
Further, the used water collecting pipe and the used water injection pipe are sealed by grouting.
The invention also discloses a drainage device suitable for the extra-long deep buried tunnel and the extra-deep vertical shaft, which comprises:
the horizontally arranged water collecting pipe is positioned at the lower part of the left side wall or the right side wall of the excavation surface area, the far end of the water collecting pipe is vertical to the side wall at the side where the water collecting pipe is positioned, and the water collecting pipe penetrates through the primary support structure and is inserted into the surrounding rock; the water collecting pipe is used for collecting underground water in surrounding rocks of the primary support structure of the excavation face area;
the near end of the water collecting pipe is axially connected with the inlet end of the pre-processor, and the outlet end of the pre-processor is axially connected with the inlet end of the one-way flow stopper through a connecting pipe which is horizontally arranged;
the outlet end of the one-way flow stopper is connected with a vertical water injection pipe, the water injection pipe is arranged in a region which is provided with a waterproof layer and a lining behind the excavation surface region, and the distance between the water injection pipe and the excavation surface region is not less than 100 meters;
the water injection pipe is positioned at the left side or the right side of the bottom of the tunnel, the tail end of the water injection pipe is positioned in the surrounding rock which is already provided with the waterproof layer and the lining of the tunnel, and the water injection pipe is used for guiding the underground water collected by the water collecting pipe into the surrounding rock which is already provided with the waterproof layer and the lining of the tunnel.
Furthermore, the front processor is in a T-shaped cavity structure and comprises a horizontal arm and a vertical arm which are vertically connected; the end part of the vertical arm is connected with a slag discharging valve, when the slag discharging valve is closed, slag particles flowing into the cavity of the vertical arm are blocked, and when the slag discharging valve is opened, the slag particles in the cavity of the vertical arm are discharged;
the horizontal arm comprises a slow flow pipe, a preposed processing bin and a flow restraining pipe which are sequentially communicated in the axial direction from the far end to the near end, wherein the side wall of the preposed processing bin is connected with the vertical arm, and the cavity is communicated; in the leading processing storehouse, and be close to the beam pipe side and be provided with the filter, the filter is used for blockking the circulation of the sediment piece granule in the groundwater.
Further, this filter is the steel net piece, and its slope sets up, and the distal end slope of top orientation unhurried current pipe.
Furthermore, the current slowing tube and the beam tube are both variable-diameter tube bodies; the inner diameter of the slow flow pipe is gradually increased from the far end to the near end until the inner diameter of the slow flow pipe is the same as that of the preposed treatment bin; the inner diameter of the flow tube is gradually reduced from the far end to the near end until the inner diameter of the flow tube is consistent with that of the connecting tube.
Furthermore, a water outlet valve is connected between the water collecting pipe and the pre-processor; the connecting pipe is also provided with an auxiliary booster pump, and the auxiliary booster pump is used for increasing the water pressure of water flow; the upper end of the water injection pipe is provided with a water injection valve.
Furthermore, a plurality of water collecting holes are formed in the side wall of the pipe body of the water collecting pipe and used for collecting underground water in surrounding rocks of the primary support structure.
The invention also discloses a drainage system suitable for the extra-long deep buried tunnel and the extra-deep vertical shaft, which comprises a plurality of drainage devices suitable for the extra-long deep buried tunnel and the extra-deep vertical shaft.
The invention has the following advantages: 1. in the normal construction process of the tunnel, a horizontal water collecting pipe is arranged at the lower part of the left side wall or the right side wall of the excavation face area, and underground water in the surrounding rock is collected at the water collecting pipe and is discharged outwards through the water collecting pipe, so that the interference to an underground water system is small, and the protection of the whole environment is facilitated; and a large-scale pumping device is not required to be arranged. 2. In the tunnel excavation construction process, the surrounding rock area of waterproof layer and lining has been executed at excavation face regional rear, and with excavation face regional distance is not less than 100 meters department, sets up vertical water injection pipe, water injection pipe and collector pipe pipeline UNICOM, and the low-power booster pump is assisted to, and the groundwater in the surrounding rock is leading-in to have executed the surrounding rock area of waterproof layer and lining to the water injection pipe, can not lead to the fact destruction to the surrounding rock structure. Simple structure, the simple operation need not additionally establish new water storage space.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal schematic view of a drainage system suitable for an extra-long deep-buried tunnel and an extra-deep shaft;
fig. 2 is a schematic top view of a drainage system suitable for an extra-long deep-buried tunnel and an extra-deep shaft;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a pre-treater of a drainage system;
fig. 4 is a schematic view showing the installation (longitudinal direction) of a drainage system suitable for an extra-long deep-buried tunnel and an extra-deep shaft;
fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the installation (section) of a drainage system suitable for an extra-long deep-buried tunnel and an extra-deep shaft;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a one-way flow stopper of a drainage system;
wherein: 1. a water collection pipe; 2. a water outlet valve; 3. a pre-processor; 4. a slag discharge valve; 5. a connecting pipe; 6. an auxiliary booster pump; 7. a one-way flow stopper; 8. a water injection valve; 9. a water injection pipe;
31. a slow flow pipe; 32. a pre-processing bin; 33. a filter plate; 34. a flow tube;
71. a one-way flow stopper housing; 72. a tesla valve tube set; 73. a positioning column; 74. a rubber sleeve.
Detailed Description
The extra-long tunnel and shaft in the drainage method and device for the extra-long deep buried tunnel and the extra-long shaft in the invention generally refer to a tunnel with a length of more than 35km and a shaft with a vertical direction of more than 500 m.
The invention relates to a construction drainage method suitable for an extra-long deep buried tunnel and an extra-deep vertical shaft, which comprises the following steps: as shown in fig. 4 and 5:
step one, burying the water injection pipe 9:
after the tunnel is excavated at the bottom, arranging vertical guide pipes on the left side and the right side of the bottom of the tunnel, then sequentially constructing a primary support structure at the bottom of the tunnel, paving a bottom waterproof layer and pouring a tunnel bottom plate; drilling water injection holes in the solidified tunnel bottom plate and at the positions of the vertical guide pipes, wherein the water injection holes are communicated with the vertical guide pipes at the corresponding positions; inserting the tail end of each water injection pipe (9) into each guide pipe, and installing a water injection valve (8) at the upper end of each water injection pipe (9) to finish the burying of the water injection pipe (9);
repeating the process of burying the water injection pipe (9) along the tunnel excavation direction; and when the distance between the excavation surface and the rear part of the water injection pipe (9) is not less than 100m and not more than 150m, the water injection pipe (9) is put into use.
During construction, the tail ends of the vertical guide pipes are attached to surrounding rocks, and the side walls of the vertical guide pipes are solidified with the primary support structure at the bottom of the tunnel into a whole. The side wall of each vertical conduit and the waterproof layer at the bottom are sealed, and the aim of no water leakage is to prevent water leakage. And then pouring a tunnel bottom plate on the bottom waterproof layer.
Repeating the process of burying the water injection pipe (9) along the tunnel excavation direction; when the distance between the excavation surface and the rear part of the water injection pipe (9) is not less than 100m and not more than 150m, the water injection pipe (9) is put into use;
along with the tunnel is constantly excavated, after the water injection pipe 9 of laying apart from the rear at the excavation face exceeded 100m, the full section lining structure had been accomplished to the section that water injection pipe 9 was located, and the closed enclosed area that just props up the structure promptly + waterproof layer + lining layer and has formed the complete encirclement has been through water injection pipe 9 to the country rock this moment, and is all not influenced excavation face and closed enclosed area tunnel.
Step two, burying a water collecting pipe 1:
after the tunnel main body clearance excavation is finished, a plurality of horizontal guide pipes are embedded in the vertical side walls at the lower parts of the left side wall and the right side wall of the tunnel, and a primary support structure is constructed, so that the guide pipes and the primary support structure are anchored into a whole; the horizontal guide pipes are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the tunnel; and drilling guide holes at the positions of the horizontal guide pipes on the primary support structure, wherein the drilling depth is not less than 3m, inserting the far end of each water collecting pipe 1 into each guide hole, installing a water outlet valve 2 at the near end of each water collecting pipe, and closing the water outlet valve 2 to temporarily control water inflow.
Step three, connecting and installing a drainage system:
between the water outlet valve 2 and the water injection valve 8, the end of the water outlet valve 2 is sequentially connected with a pre-processor 3, a connecting pipe 5, an auxiliary booster pump 6 and a one-way flow stopper 7, so that the one-way flow stopper 7 is connected with the water injection valve 8; and a slag discharge valve 4 is arranged on the vertical arm of the pre-processor 3 to form a closed water flow channel.
Step four, starting a drainage system:
The underground water is injected into the surrounding rock stratum 100m away from the rear of the tunnel, the surrounding rock is not affected or damaged, a water storage space does not need to be additionally built, and space and cost are saved. After drainage, the water quantity of the front excavation surface is greatly reduced, and excavation construction is facilitated.
Fifthly, maintaining and operating the drainage system:
the initial water flow collected by the water collecting pipe 1 may contain particles such as sediment, silt and the like, and the particles are continuously precipitated and accumulated in the pre-processor 3, and the slag is periodically discharged for maintenance according to actual conditions so as to prevent pipe blockage.
During maintenance, the auxiliary booster pump 6, the water outlet valve 2 and the water injection valve 3 are closed in sequence, and then the slag discharging valve 4 is opened to discharge slag;
when the water-saving drainage system is started, the slag discharging valve 4 is closed firstly, then the water injection valve 3, the water outlet valve 2 and the auxiliary booster pump 6 are opened in sequence, and the drainage system is started.
In the excavation process, the excavation surface is a changed working surface, and in the foregoing description, a method for treating groundwater in the surrounding rock at a certain excavation surface is given. With the continuous advancing of the excavation surface, forming a new excavation surface, burying the water collecting pipe 1 in the new excavation surface, and then performing the following operations:
step six, movement of a drainage system:
and (3) putting the water collecting pipe 1 of the new excavation surface into operation, temporarily closing the drainage system when the distance between the water collecting pipe 1 of the new excavation surface and the rear used water injection pipe 9 exceeds 150m, removing one or more connecting pipes 5, and communicating the connecting pipes 5 with the water injection pipe 9 closer to the new excavation surface to form a new drainage system.
In the process of draining, when the drainage system is too long, the energy consumption is large and long, the length of the whole drainage system is controlled to ensure the drainage efficiency, and pipes and energy consumption are saved.
With the advance of the excavation surface, in the original excavation surface area, a plurality of water collecting pipes 1 are not used; in the area where the waterproof layer and the lining have been applied, the plurality of water injection pipes 9 are not used and need to be subjected to subsequent treatment.
Step seven, subsequent treatment:
the waste water collecting pipe 1 and the water injection pipe 9 can be used as a permanent structure and serve as an emergency drainage well for operating a tunnel, and can also be subjected to grouting closed filling.
The present invention relates to a drainage device suitable for an extra-long deep-buried tunnel and an extra-deep shaft, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, comprising:
the horizontally arranged water collecting pipe 1 is positioned at the lower part of the left side wall or the right side wall of the excavation surface area, the far end of the water collecting pipe is vertical to the side wall at the side where the water collecting pipe is positioned, and the water collecting pipe penetrates through the primary support structure and is inserted into the surrounding rock; the water collecting pipe 1 is used for collecting underground water in surrounding rocks of a primary support structure of an excavation face area. The near end of the water collecting pipe 1 is axially connected with the inlet end of the pre-processor 3, and the outlet end of the pre-processor 3 is axially connected with the inlet end of the one-way flow stopper 7 through a connecting pipe 5 which is horizontally arranged;
the outlet end of the one-way flow stopper 7 is connected with a vertical water injection pipe 9, the water injection pipe 9 is arranged in a region which is provided with a waterproof layer and a lining behind the excavation surface region, and the distance between the water injection pipe 9 and the excavation surface region is not less than 100 meters;
the water injection pipe 9 is positioned at the left or right side of the bottom of the tunnel, the tail end of the water injection pipe is positioned in the surrounding rock which is already provided with the waterproof layer and the lining of the tunnel, and the water injection pipe 9 is used for guiding the underground water collected by the water collection pipe 1 into the surrounding rock which is already provided with the waterproof layer and the lining of the tunnel.
The side wall of the pipe body of the water collecting pipe 1 is provided with a plurality of water collecting holes for collecting the underground water in the surrounding rock of the primary support structure, and the depth of the far end of the water collecting pipe inserted into the surrounding rock is not less than 3m, so that the underground water is collected and flows into the water collecting pipe 1. In order to ensure that the flow of underground water is not obstructed and the circulation is smooth, the water collecting pipe 1 is a steel straight pipe with the diameter of 10cm or more,
the pre-processor 3 is a T-shaped cavity structure and comprises a horizontal arm and a vertical arm which are vertically connected; the end part of the vertical arm is connected with a slag discharging valve 4, when the slag discharging valve 4 is closed, slag particles flowing into the cavity of the vertical arm are blocked, and when the slag discharging valve 4 is opened, the slag particles in the cavity of the vertical arm are discharged; the slag discharging valve 4 is a steel high-pressure-resistant ball valve, has the same diameter as the pre-treatment bin 32, is connected with the pre-treatment bin 32 through a flange plate, and is used for discharging precipitated slag particles.
As shown in fig. 3, the horizontal arm of the pre-processor 3 comprises a slow flow tube 31, a pre-processing chamber 32 and a beam tube 34 which are sequentially communicated in the axial direction from the far end to the near end, wherein the side wall of the pre-processing chamber 32 is connected with the vertical arm, and the cavities of the vertical arm are communicated; and a filter plate 33 is arranged in the front treatment bin 32 and close to the side of the flow tube 34, and the filter plate 33 is used for blocking the circulation of slag particles in the underground water.
The filter plate 33 is a steel mesh, which is inclined and the top of which is inclined toward the distal end of the slow flow tube 31. When rivers flow in the unhurried current pipe 31, at the flow in-process, receive blockking of filter 33, rivers flow through filter 33, and the sediment piece granule in the rivers is obstructed, sinks under the effect of gravity, subsides to the cavity of vertical arm in, has realized the purification to rivers.
The current slowing tube 31 and the beam tube 34 are both variable-diameter tube bodies; the inside diameter of the slow flow tube 31 is gradually increased from the far end to the near end until the inside diameter is the same as that of the prepositive treatment bin 32. The minor diameter end of the slow flow pipe 31 is connected with the water outlet valve 2 through a flange plate, the major diameter end is 15cm, the minor diameter end is connected with the preposed processing bin 32 through the flange plate, and the inner diameter of the slow flow pipe 31 is enlarged, so that a water flow channel is enlarged, the flow speed and the water pressure of water flow are reduced, and the energy loss is reduced.
The inner diameter of the flow tube 34 is gradually reduced from the distal end to the proximal end until it is matched with the inner diameter of the connecting tube 5. The distal end of which is connected to a pre-treatment chamber 32 via a flange for reducing the flow path, increasing the flow rate and water pressure, and increasing the pressure of the water entering the connecting pipe 5.
The dimensions and materials of the flow-slowing tube 31 and the beam tube 34 are the same as those of the flow-slowing tube 31. The two are used together, so that the water flow is temporarily decelerated and depressurized in the front treatment bin 32, on one hand, larger slag particles can be naturally precipitated, on the other hand, the filtration area is enlarged, the passing area of the water flow is larger, the resistance is smaller, and the kinetic energy loss of the water flow is reduced.
A water outlet valve 2 is also connected between the water collecting pipe 1 and the pre-processor 3; and an auxiliary booster pump 6 is also installed on the connecting pipe 5, and the auxiliary booster pump 6 is used for increasing the water pressure of water flow. A water injection valve 8 is installed at the upper end of the water injection pipe 9.
The water outlet valve 2 is a steel high-pressure-resistant ball valve, has the same diameter as the water collecting pipe 1, is connected with the water collecting pipe 1 through a flange plate, and is used for opening or closing underground water collected by an excavation surface. The connecting pipe 5 is a steel straight pipe, the diameter of the connecting pipe is the same as that of the water collecting pipe 1, the connecting pipe is connected with the small-diameter end of the beam current pipe 34 through a flange, the connecting pipe 5 is formed by sequentially connecting a plurality of sections of pipes, the specification is that each section is 5m in length, and the sections are connected through the flange and used for forming a closed water flow channel.
The water injection valve 8 is a steel high-pressure-resistant ball valve, has the same diameter as the water collecting pipe 1, is connected with the one-way flow stopper 7 through a flange plate, and is used for opening or closing a water flow channel of the water injection pipe 9. The water injection pipe 9 is a steel straight pipe, and the diameter of the water injection pipe is the same as that of the water collecting pipe 1. The depth of the water injection pipe 9 inserted into the surrounding rock is not less than 5m, and within 1m of the tail end of the steel pipe, quincunx holes with the interval of 15cm and the aperture of 0.5cm are arranged on the side wall of the water injection pipe and used for injecting water into the surrounding rock.
As shown in fig. 6, the one-way flow stopper 7 used in the present invention includes: a one-way flow stopper housing 71; a tesla valve tube set 72; positioning posts 73; a rubber sleeve 74; wherein the one-way flow stopper casing 71 is a steel flat rectangular box body for containing and protecting internal components; the Tesla valve pipe group 72 is made of steel pipes through bending and welding, the diameter of the Tesla valve pipe group is the same as that of the water collecting pipe 1, a right water inlet is connected with the auxiliary booster pump 6 through a flange plate to form a special water flow channel, resistance does not exist when water flows in the forward direction, the water flows in the reverse direction and is subjected to self backflow impact, water pressure and flow speed are reduced, the special water flow channel is used for limiting water flow in the system to flow in a one-way mode and limiting backflow, and meanwhile compared with other one-way valves, resistance is extremely small when the water flows in the forward direction, and energy loss is small. The positioning column 73 is a metal column body, is fixedly connected with the inside of the one-way flow stopping device shell 71 through threads, and is used for fixing the tesla valve tube group 72 to keep the tesla valve tube group stable; the rubber sleeve 74 is made of rubber and is sleeved outside the positioning column 73 to buffer and reduce vibration, so that the Tesla valve tube group 72 is further protected, and the Tesla valve tube group is prevented from being damaged due to friction and collision.
The invention also discloses a drainage system suitable for the extra-long deep buried tunnel and the extra-deep vertical shaft, which comprises the drainage device suitable for the extra-long deep buried tunnel and the extra-deep vertical shaft.
Claims (10)
1. A construction drainage method suitable for an extra-long deep buried tunnel and an extra-deep vertical shaft is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, burying the water injection pipe (9):
after the tunnel is excavated at the bottom, arranging vertical guide pipes on the left side and the right side of the bottom of the tunnel, then sequentially constructing a primary support structure at the bottom of the tunnel, paving a bottom waterproof layer and pouring a tunnel bottom plate; drilling water injection holes in the solidified tunnel bottom plate and at the positions of the vertical guide pipes, wherein the water injection holes are communicated with the vertical guide pipes at the corresponding positions; inserting the tail end of each water injection pipe (9) into each guide pipe, and installing a water injection valve (8) at the upper end of each water injection pipe (9) to finish the burying of the water injection pipe (9);
repeating the process of burying the water injection pipe (9) along the tunnel excavation direction; when the distance between the excavation surface and the rear part of the water injection pipe (9) is not less than 100m and not more than 150m, the water injection pipe (9) is put into use;
step two, burying a water collecting pipe (1):
after the tunnel main body clearance excavation is finished, a plurality of horizontal guide pipes are embedded in the vertical side walls at the lower parts of the left side wall and the right side wall of the tunnel, a primary support structure is constructed, and the plurality of horizontal guide pipes are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the tunnel; drilling guide holes in the primary support structure and at the positions of the horizontal guide pipes; inserting the far end of each water collecting pipe (1) into each guide hole, and installing a water outlet valve (2) at the near end of each water collecting pipe;
step three, connecting and installing a drainage system:
between the water outlet valve (2) and the water injection valve (8), the end of the water outlet valve (2) is sequentially connected with a pre-processor (3), a connecting pipe (5), an auxiliary booster pump (6) and a one-way flow stopper (7), so that the one-way flow stopper (7) is connected with the water injection valve (8); a slag discharging valve (4) is arranged on a vertical arm of the pre-processor (3);
step four, starting a drainage system: the underground water is collected by the far end of the water collecting pipe (1) and flows into the tail end of the water injection pipe (9) to be injected into the surrounding rock stratum.
2. The construction drainage method suitable for the ultra-long deep-buried tunnel and the ultra-deep vertical shaft according to claim 1, wherein the concrete process of the fourth step is as follows: open sediment valve (4) and outlet valve (2), groundwater by the distal end of collector pipe (1) collects and flows into it in, rivers flow from sediment valve (4) along with the cinder granule, treat rivers clear back, close sediment valve (4), open water injection valve (8) to start supplementary booster pump (6), groundwater collects through collector pipe (1) from the annex country rock of excavation face, flows through leading treater (3), connecting pipe (5), supplementary booster pump (6), one-way current stopper (7), water injection valve (8) and water injection pipe (9) in proper order, by the end of water injection pipe (9) is injected into in the country rock stratum.
3. The construction drainage method for the ultra-long deep-buried tunnel and the ultra-deep vertical shaft according to claim 2, wherein a new excavation surface is formed along with the advance of the excavation surface, and the second step is repeated in the area of the new excavation surface, and the water collecting pipe (1) is buried;
and closing the drainage system, removing the connection between the pre-processor (3) and the water collecting pipe (1) in the original excavation surface area, communicating the pre-processor (3) and the water collecting pipe (1) in the new excavation surface area to form a new drainage system, and starting drainage.
4. A method for construction drainage of an ultra-long deep-buried tunnel and an ultra-deep shaft according to claim 3, characterized in that the used water collecting pipe (1) and the used water injection pipe (9) are sealed by grouting.
5. The utility model provides a drainage device suitable for extra long buries tunnel and extra deep shaft deeply which characterized in that includes:
the horizontally arranged water collecting pipe (1) is positioned at the lower part of the left side wall or the right side wall of the excavation surface area, the far end of the water collecting pipe is vertical to the side wall at the side where the water collecting pipe is positioned, and the water collecting pipe penetrates through the primary support structure and is inserted into the surrounding rock; the water collecting pipe (1) is used for collecting underground water in surrounding rocks of a primary support structure of an excavation surface area;
the near end of the water collecting pipe (1) is axially connected with the inlet end of the pre-processor (3), and the outlet end of the pre-processor (3) is axially connected with the inlet end of the one-way flow stopper (7) through a connecting pipe (5) which is horizontally arranged;
the outlet end of the one-way flow stopper (7) is connected with a vertical water injection pipe (9), the water injection pipe (9) is arranged in an area which is provided with a waterproof layer and a lining and behind the excavation surface area, and the distance between the water injection pipe (9) and the excavation surface area is not less than 100 meters;
the water injection pipe (9) is positioned at the left side or the right side of the bottom of the tunnel, the tail end of the water injection pipe is positioned in surrounding rocks which are already used as a waterproof layer and a lining of the tunnel, and the water injection pipe (9) is used for guiding underground water collected by the water collection pipe (1) into the surrounding rocks which are already used as the waterproof layer and the lining of the tunnel.
6. A drainage arrangement suitable for very long deep-buried tunnels and very deep shafts according to claim 5, characterized in that the pre-processor (3) is of a "T" shaped cavity structure comprising a vertical arm and a horizontal arm connected vertically;
the end part of the vertical arm is connected with a slag discharging valve (4), when the slag discharging valve (4) is closed, slag particles flowing into the cavity of the vertical arm are blocked, and when the slag discharging valve (4) is opened, the slag particles in the cavity of the vertical arm are discharged;
the horizontal arm comprises a slow flow pipe (31), a preposed processing bin (32) and a flow restraining pipe (34) which are sequentially communicated in the axial direction from the far end to the near end, wherein the side wall of the preposed processing bin (32) is connected with the vertical arm, and the cavity is communicated with the vertical arm; in leading processing storehouse (32), and be close to the flow tube (34) side is provided with filter (33), filter (33) are used for blockking the circulation of the sediment piece granule in the groundwater.
7. A drainage arrangement for very long and deep tunnels and shafts according to claim 6, wherein said filtering plate (33) is a steel mesh plate, which is inclined and the top of which is inclined towards the distal end of said draft tube (31).
8. The drainage device suitable for the extra-long deep-buried tunnel and the extra-deep shaft according to claim 7, wherein the draft tube (31) and the flow restraining tube (34) are both variable diameter tubes; the inner diameter of the slow flow pipe (31) is gradually increased from the far end to the near end until the inner diameter is the same as that of the preposed treatment bin (32); the inner diameter of the flow tube (34) is gradually reduced from the far end to the near end until the inner diameter of the flow tube is consistent with the inner diameter of the connecting tube (5).
9. A drainage device suitable for an extra-long deep-buried tunnel and an extra-deep shaft according to claim 5, 6, 7 or 8, characterized in that a water outlet valve (2) is further connected between the water collecting pipe (1) and the pre-processor (3); an auxiliary booster pump (6) is further mounted on the connecting pipe (5), and the auxiliary booster pump (6) is used for increasing the water pressure of water flow; and a water injection valve (8) is arranged at the upper end of the water injection pipe (9).
10. A drainage system for an extra-long deep-buried tunnel and an extra-deep shaft, comprising a plurality of the drainage apparatuses of any one of claims 5 to 9.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2796668C1 (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2023-05-29 | Хэнань Политекник Юнивёрсити | Drainage system used in the construction of adjacent super-deep vertical bore holes and drainage method used in the construction of adjacent super-deep vertical bore holes |
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| DE2508752A1 (en) * | 1974-03-21 | 1975-09-25 | Martini Robert J F | WATER FLUSHING MECHANISM |
| JPH0941895A (en) * | 1995-07-27 | 1997-02-10 | Mitsui Constr Co Ltd | Auxiliary injection apparatus and injecting method for seal material into seal groove of lining segment |
| CN102635402A (en) * | 2012-04-11 | 2012-08-15 | 浙江大学 | Siphon drainage method for tunnel wall water seepage disposal by using dipping borehole |
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| CN113217098B (en) | 2022-03-22 |
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