CN113216976A - Tunnel HCD excavation method suitable for soft rock and gravel soil - Google Patents
Tunnel HCD excavation method suitable for soft rock and gravel soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN113216976A CN113216976A CN202110382381.4A CN202110382381A CN113216976A CN 113216976 A CN113216976 A CN 113216976A CN 202110382381 A CN202110382381 A CN 202110382381A CN 113216976 A CN113216976 A CN 113216976A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/18—Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
Abstract
The invention relates to a tunnel HCD excavation construction method suitable for weak rocks and crushed soil, which is characterized in that a temporary vertical support is arranged on an upper step of a tunnel, the position of the temporary vertical support is at the center line in a hole, and a middle step or a lower step is not arranged; the temporary vertical support is constructed when the tunnel upper step is excavated, and can be dismantled when the middle step or the lower step is excavated. The invention overcomes the defects of the CD or CRD excavation method, improves the use efficiency of mechanical equipment and accelerates the construction speed. The construction method has the greatest advantages that the temporary vertical supports are not arranged on the middle step or the lower step, and the excavation safety is realized by means of the short-term self-stability characteristic of surrounding rock and reasonable excavation procedures. The method has flexible process change, can greatly improve the efficiency of construction machinery so as to improve the construction progress, has the characteristics of high safety and simple construction technology, has good construction effect, and is easy to popularize.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of underground engineering construction, and particularly relates to a tunnel HCD excavation construction method suitable for weak rocks and gravel soil.
Background
When the tunnel is constructed, the excavation span is large, the construction risk is high, and the safety of the tunnel is the focus of attention in academic circles and engineering circles. The safety of tunnel excavation depends greatly on the mechanical property and self-stability of the rock mass, and a proper excavation method and a proper supporting measure. For the rock tunnel of weak rock stratum and the soil tunnel of gravelly soil with poor geology, because the self-stability of the rock mass or the soil mass of the tunnel is poor, if the excavation method is not proper, potential safety hazards such as collapse and roof fall exist. The conventional methods for excavating such tunnels are cd (center diaphragm) or crd (center cross diaphragm). Although the CD method or the CRD excavation method can ensure the safety of tunnel excavation, the method has the biggest defect that a temporary vertical support is also arranged on a middle step or a lower step, so that the application of large machinery in the tunnel is limited, the efficiency of the construction machinery is greatly reduced, and the construction speed is slow.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a tunnel HCD excavation construction method suitable for weak rocks and crushed rock, which is applied to a long-span road or railway tunnel and is most suitable for a tunnel with poor geology, particularly a tunnel with weak rocks and crushed rock, and can better solve the contradiction between safety and progress.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a tunnel HCD excavation construction method suitable for weak rocks and crushed rock is characterized in that:
the construction method is characterized in that temporary vertical supports are arranged on the upper steps of the tunnel, the positions of the temporary vertical supports are located at the center line in the hole, and the middle steps or the lower steps are not arranged;
the temporary vertical support is constructed when the tunnel upper step is excavated, and can be dismantled when the middle step or the lower step is excavated.
The temporary vertical support is in a large arc shape, and the radius of the arc shape is 3 times of that of the tunnel.
The temporary vertical support is of a reinforced concrete structure and consists of a steel frame, a reinforcing mesh, an anchor rod and sprayed concrete.
The steel frame is I-shaped steel or grid steel bars.
The construction method is a two-step method and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the following steps of excavating a tunnel according to a two-step method, wherein the two steps are an upper step positioned on the upper half part of the tunnel and a remaining lower step positioned on the lower half part of the tunnel; the upper step is divided into a left excavation unit and a right excavation unit, and the lower step is also divided into a left excavation unit and a right excavation unit, and the four excavation units are counted;
(2) on the upper step, the temporary vertical support divides the upper step into a left excavation unit and a right excavation unit;
(3) at the middle line position of the tunnel of the lower step, the lower step is also divided into a left excavation unit and a right excavation unit;
(4) firstly, carrying out advanced support on the right unit of the upper step, and then excavating the right unit; performing primary support on the right unit of the upper step, and finally constructing a temporary vertical support; excavating a position of a single arch frame, and starting construction primary support and temporary vertical support;
(5) carrying out advanced support on the left unit of the upper step, and then excavating the left unit; excavating one support, wherein an anchor rod of the temporary vertical support needs to be removed synchronously during excavation, and the temporary vertical support is not removed;
(6) excavating and supporting at the same time, and respectively finishing the excavation and supporting of the right side unit and the left side unit of the lower step; and when the right side of the lower step is excavated, the temporary vertical support is removed.
The construction method is a three-step method and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the following steps of excavating a tunnel according to a three-step method, wherein the three steps are an upper step positioned at the upper part of the tunnel, a middle step positioned at the middle part of the tunnel and a lower step positioned at the lower part of the tunnel; the upper step is divided into a left independent excavation unit and a right independent excavation unit, the middle step is divided into a left independent excavation unit and a right independent excavation unit, and the lower step is also divided into two independent excavation units which are six excavation units in total;
(2) on the upper step, the temporary vertical support divides the upper step into a left excavation unit and a right excavation unit;
(3) the middle step and the lower step are also divided into a left excavation unit and a right excavation unit at the middle line position of the tunnel;
(4) firstly, constructing the right unit of the upper step, wherein the construction process comprises the steps of advance supporting, excavating, preliminary supporting and temporary vertical bracing; excavating a position of a single arch frame, and starting construction primary support and temporary vertical support; constructing the left unit of the upper step by the same method, and synchronously removing the anchor rods of the vertical temporary supports during excavation, wherein the temporary supports are not removed;
(5) constructing a temporary inverted arch of the upper step;
(6) excavating and supporting at the same time, excavating a position with one roof truss each time, and then supporting one roof truss; respectively finishing the excavation and the support of a right side unit and a left side unit of the middle step and the lower step; and when the right side of the middle step is excavated, the temporary vertical support and the temporary inverted arch are removed.
The invention has the following advantages:
the invention is called HCD (halocenter diaphragm) excavation method for short, overcomes the defects of the CD or CRD excavation method, improves the use efficiency of mechanical equipment and accelerates the construction speed. The construction method has the greatest advantages that the temporary vertical supports are not arranged on the middle step or the lower step, and the excavation safety is realized by means of the short-term self-stability characteristic of surrounding rock and reasonable excavation procedures. The method has flexible process change, can greatly improve the efficiency of construction machinery so as to improve the construction progress, has the characteristics of high safety and simple construction technology, has good construction effect, and is easy to popularize.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a HCD construction method excavating in a two-step tunnel method.
Fig. 2 is a front view of a two-step tunnel excavation by the HCD construction method.
Fig. 3 is a plan view of the HCD method excavating in the two-step tunnel method.
Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of the HCD method in the tunnel three-step method.
Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the HCD method excavating in the tunnel three-step method.
Fig. 6 is a front view of the HCD method excavating in the tunnel three-step method.
Fig. 7 is a plan view of the HCD method in the tunnel three-step method.
Fig. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view of the HCD method in the tunnel three-step method.
In the figure, 1-advance support, 2-primary support, 3-temporary vertical support, 4-temporary inverted arch, 5-temporary vertical support anchor rod, 6-upper step right side unit, 7-upper step left side unit, 8-lower step right side unit, 9-lower step left side unit, 10-inverted arch trestle, 11-excavation tunnel face, 12-surrounding rock, 13-inverted arch primary support closing, 14-secondary lining, 15-inverted arch lining, 16-middle step right side unit and 17-middle step left side unit.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments.
The road or railway tunnel has large excavation section span, such as a three-lane road tunnel, and the excavation span is up to 18m at most. The tunnel excavation with such a large span, collapse, roof fall and other safety accidents are the biggest risk points. The method aims to control collapse or roof fall of the tunnel, and can also accelerate construction speed and improve efficiency. The invention provides an HCD (half Center Diapthragm) construction method, which can better solve the contradiction between safety and progress.
The invention relates to a tunnel HCD excavation construction method suitable for weak rocks and crushed rock, wherein a temporary vertical support is arranged on an upper step of a tunnel, the position of the temporary vertical support is at the center line in a hole, and a middle step or a lower step is not arranged; the temporary vertical support is constructed when the tunnel upper step is excavated, and can be dismantled when the middle step or the lower step is excavated.
The temporary vertical support is in a large arc shape, and the radius of the arc shape is 3 times of that of the tunnel. The temporary vertical support is of a reinforced concrete structure and consists of a steel frame, a reinforcing mesh, an anchor rod and sprayed concrete. The steel frame is I-shaped steel or grid steel bars.
The construction method can be a two-step method, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the following steps of excavating a tunnel according to a two-step method, wherein the two steps are an upper step positioned on the upper half part of the tunnel and a remaining lower step positioned on the lower half part of the tunnel; the upper step is divided into a left excavation unit and a right excavation unit, and the lower step is also divided into a left excavation unit and a right excavation unit, and the four excavation units are counted;
(2) on the upper step, the temporary vertical support divides the upper step into a left excavation unit and a right excavation unit;
(3) at the middle line position of the tunnel of the lower step, the lower step is also divided into a left excavation unit and a right excavation unit;
(4) firstly, carrying out advanced support on the right unit of the upper step, and then excavating the right unit; performing primary support on the right unit of the upper step, and finally constructing a temporary vertical support; excavating a position of a single arch frame, and starting construction primary support and temporary vertical support;
(5) carrying out advanced support on the left unit of the upper step, and then excavating the left unit; excavating one support, wherein an anchor rod of the temporary vertical support needs to be removed synchronously during excavation, and the temporary vertical support is not removed;
(6) excavating and supporting at the same time, and respectively finishing the excavation and supporting of the right side unit and the left side unit of the lower step; and when the right side of the lower step is excavated, the temporary vertical support is removed.
The construction method can also be a three-step method, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the following steps of excavating a tunnel according to a three-step method, wherein the three steps are an upper step positioned at the upper part of the tunnel, a middle step positioned at the middle part of the tunnel and a lower step positioned at the lower part of the tunnel; the upper step is divided into a left independent excavation unit and a right independent excavation unit, the middle step is divided into a left independent excavation unit and a right independent excavation unit, and the lower step is also divided into two independent excavation units which are six excavation units in total;
(2) on the upper step, the temporary vertical support divides the upper step into a left excavation unit and a right excavation unit;
(3) the middle step and the lower step are also divided into a left excavation unit and a right excavation unit at the middle line position of the tunnel;
(4) firstly, constructing the right unit of the upper step, wherein the construction process comprises the steps of advance supporting, excavating, preliminary supporting and temporary vertical bracing; excavating a position of a single arch frame, and starting construction primary support and temporary vertical support; constructing the left unit of the upper step by the same method, and synchronously removing the anchor rods of the vertical temporary supports during excavation, wherein the temporary supports are not removed;
(5) constructing a temporary inverted arch of the upper step;
(6) excavating and supporting at the same time, excavating a position with one roof truss each time, and then supporting one roof truss; respectively finishing the excavation and the support of a right side unit and a left side unit of the middle step and the lower step; and when the right side of the middle step is excavated, the temporary vertical support and the temporary inverted arch are removed.
The excavation construction method is mainly applied to underground engineering such as tunnels and the like, is suitable for highway and railway tunnels with poor geology and is most suitable for tunnels of weak surrounding rocks and gravel soil strata. The excavation construction method has two types, and is respectively suitable for excavation and construction of a tunnel with poor dry and anhydrous geology of surrounding rocks (equivalent to IV-level surrounding rocks) and a tunnel with poor water geology of the surrounding rocks (equivalent to V-level surrounding rocks).
The method is suitable for an excavation construction method of dry surrounding rocks (equivalent to IV-grade surrounding rocks), namely, an upper step and a lower step are adopted for excavation, a temporary vertical support is arranged on an upper step, the temporary vertical support is arranged at the center line position of a tunnel, and the section of the upper step is divided into a left excavation unit and a right excavation unit through the temporary vertical support; the lower step does not have temporary vertical braces, and at the center line position of the tunnel, the lower step is also divided into a left side excavation unit and a right side excavation unit, and the whole section is divided into four excavation units.
The method is suitable for tunnels with surrounding rocks with poor water geology (equivalent to V-level surrounding rocks), namely, the tunnels are excavated by adopting a three-step method, namely an upper step, a middle step and a lower step. The temporary vertical support is only arranged at the center line position of the upper step, and the temporary vertical support is not arranged on the middle step and the lower step. The upper step is divided into a left excavation unit and a right excavation unit through the temporary vertical supports, the middle step and the lower step are also respectively divided into a left excavation unit and a right excavation unit at the center line position of the tunnel, and the total number of the excavation units is 6.
Referring to the drawings:
the invention adopts the technical scheme that the HCD tunnel excavation construction method is adopted, the construction method only arranges temporary vertical supports on the upper step of the tunnel, the middle step or the lower step is not arranged, and the temporary vertical supports are arranged at the center line in the tunnel. The temporary vertical support is beneficial to reducing the bending moment of the vault lining, increasing the rigidity of the vault lining and avoiding sudden collapse and instability caused by overlarge tunnel span during excavation. In order to reduce the stress concentration of the temporary vertical support and improve the excavation safety factor, the temporary vertical support is in a large arc shape, and the radius of the arc shape is about 3 times of the radius of the tunnel. The temporary vertical support is of a reinforced concrete structure, has the thickness of about 20cm, and consists of a steel frame, a reinforcing mesh, an anchor rod and sprayed concrete. The steel frame can adopt I-shaped steel or grid steel bars. The temporary vertical support is constructed when the tunnel upper step is excavated, and can be dismantled when the middle step (lower step) is excavated.
HCD two-step method implementation method
Referring to fig. 1-4, the whole tunnel is divided into an upper step and a lower step for excavation, the height of the upper step is only required to meet the operating space of mechanical equipment, the lower step is divided into two excavation sections on the left side along the center line position of the tunnel, and then excavation and supporting are carried out in sequence.
(1) Firstly, the front support of the right unit of the upper step is carried out, the right unit is excavated, the position of one arch frame is excavated (the maximum excavation length is not more than 2 m), then the primary support of the right excavation unit is carried out, and the temporary vertical support is synchronously constructed. When the temporary vertical support is constructed, firstly, an arch frame is erected, concrete is sprayed, a reinforcing mesh is laid, the concrete is continuously sprayed to about 20cm, and finally, an anchor rod of the temporary vertical support is constructed. And (5) continuing excavating and supporting according to the method.
(2) And after the excavation footage of the right side excavation unit is about 15m, starting to construct the upper step left side unit. Constructing an advance support of the left unit of the upper step, and then excavating the left unit; and (4) carrying out primary support of the unit on the left side of the upper step, then continuously excavating and synchronously removing the anchor rods of the vertical temporary supports, wherein the temporary supports are not removed.
(3) And after the excavation footage of the unit on the right side of the upper step is about 25m, starting the construction of the lower step, constructing by adopting the same method, excavating and supporting at the same time, wherein the excavation and the supporting are about 2 times of the maximum length of excavation, and then starting the supporting. It should be noted that the temporary vertical braces are removed when the excavation of the right side unit of the lower step is carried out.
(4) After the excavation footage of the lower step right side unit is about 15m, the lower step left side unit construction is started by adopting the same excavation and support method, and a single truss is excavated and supported.
(5) And (5) performing primary inverted arch support construction, and closing the primary inverted arch support of the tunnel.
(6) And (5) constructing the waterproof coiled material of the tunnel and then constructing the secondary lining of the tunnel.
HCD three-step method implementation method
Referring to fig. 5-8, the whole tunnel is divided into an upper step, a middle step and a lower step for excavation, the height of the upper step can meet the operating space of mechanical equipment, the excavation height of the middle step is about 3.5m, each step is divided into a left excavation section and a right excavation section along the central line position of the tunnel, and the excavation units are totally divided into 6 excavation units.
(1) And (4) firstly, carrying out advanced support on the right unit of the upper step, then excavating the right unit, and then carrying out primary support construction. And (4) excavating the position of one arch frame spacing, and synchronously performing primary tunnel supporting and temporary vertical supporting construction (the maximum excavation length is not more than 2 times of the arch frame spacing).
(2) After the excavation footage of the excavation unit on the right side of the upper step is about 10m, performing advanced support on the unit on the left side of the upper step, and excavating the unit on the left side; excavating one support, wherein when excavating on the left side of the upper step, an anchor rod of a vertical temporary support needs to be removed synchronously, and the temporary support is not removed;
(3) constructing a temporary inverted arch of the upper step;
(4) and (4) synchronously removing the temporary vertical support and the temporary inverted arch by the right-side unit of the step in the excavation, and constructing the primary support on the right side of the step.
(5) And respectively excavating a middle step left side unit and a lower step left side unit by adopting the same method, and respectively carrying out primary support.
(6) Performing primary inverted arch support construction, and closing the primary inverted arch support of the tunnel;
(7) and (5) constructing the waterproof coiled material of the tunnel and then constructing the secondary lining of the tunnel.
According to the HCD tunnel excavation construction method, the vertical supports are only arranged on the upper step, and the vertical supports do not fall to the ground (fall to an inverted arch), so that the advantages of large-scale equipment can be fully exerted, and the efficiency is improved. However, the inverted arch needs to be closed in time, the secondary lining needs to follow in time, and for the HCD two-step method, the distance between the primary support closing distance of the inverted arch and the tunnel face is not more than 50m, and the distance between the secondary lining and the tunnel face is not more than 90 m; for the HCD three-step method, the distance between the primary support closing distance of the inverted arch and the tunnel face is not more than 35m, and the distance between the secondary lining and the tunnel face is not more than 70 m.
The invention is not limited to the examples, and any equivalent changes to the technical solution of the invention by a person skilled in the art after reading the description of the invention are covered by the claims of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A tunnel HCD excavation construction method suitable for weak rocks and crushed rock is characterized in that:
the construction method is characterized in that temporary vertical supports are arranged on the upper steps of the tunnel, the positions of the temporary vertical supports are located at the center line in the hole, and the middle steps or the lower steps are not arranged;
the temporary vertical support is constructed when the tunnel upper step is excavated, and can be dismantled when the middle step or the lower step is excavated.
2. A tunnel HCD excavation method suitable for weak rocks and crushed rocks as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the temporary vertical support is in a large arc shape, and the radius of the arc shape is 3 times of that of the tunnel.
3. A tunnel HCD excavation method suitable for weak rocks and crushed rocks according to claim 2, wherein:
the temporary vertical support is of a reinforced concrete structure and consists of a steel frame, a reinforcing mesh, an anchor rod and sprayed concrete.
4. A tunnel HCD excavation method suitable for weak rocks and crushed rocks as claimed in claim 3, wherein:
the steel frame is I-shaped steel or grid steel bars.
5. A tunnel HCD excavation method suitable for weak rocks and crushed rocks according to claim 4, wherein:
the construction method is a two-step method and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the following steps of excavating a tunnel according to a two-step method, wherein the two steps are an upper step positioned on the upper half part of the tunnel and a remaining lower step positioned on the lower half part of the tunnel; the upper step is divided into a left excavation unit and a right excavation unit, and the lower step is also divided into a left excavation unit and a right excavation unit, and the four excavation units are counted;
(2) on the upper step, the temporary vertical support divides the upper step into a left excavation unit and a right excavation unit;
(3) at the middle line position of the tunnel of the lower step, the lower step is also divided into a left excavation unit and a right excavation unit;
(4) firstly, carrying out advanced support on the right unit of the upper step, and then excavating the right unit; performing primary support on the right unit of the upper step, and finally constructing a temporary vertical support; excavating a position of a single arch frame, and starting construction primary support and temporary vertical support;
(5) carrying out advanced support on the left unit of the upper step, and then excavating the left unit; excavating one support, wherein an anchor rod of the temporary vertical support needs to be removed synchronously during excavation, and the temporary vertical support is not removed;
(6) excavating and supporting at the same time, and respectively finishing the excavation and supporting of the right side unit and the left side unit of the lower step; and when the right side of the lower step is excavated, the temporary vertical support is removed.
6. A tunnel HCD excavation method suitable for weak rocks and crushed rocks according to claim 4, wherein:
the construction method is a three-step method and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the following steps of excavating a tunnel according to a three-step method, wherein the three steps are an upper step positioned at the upper part of the tunnel, a middle step positioned at the middle part of the tunnel and a lower step positioned at the lower part of the tunnel; the upper step is divided into a left independent excavation unit and a right independent excavation unit, the middle step is divided into a left independent excavation unit and a right independent excavation unit, and the lower step is also divided into two independent excavation units which are six excavation units in total;
(2) on the upper step, the temporary vertical support divides the upper step into a left excavation unit and a right excavation unit;
(3) the middle step and the lower step are also divided into a left excavation unit and a right excavation unit at the middle line position of the tunnel;
(4) firstly, constructing the right unit of the upper step, wherein the construction process comprises the steps of advance supporting, excavating, preliminary supporting and temporary vertical bracing; excavating a position of a single arch frame, and starting construction primary support and temporary vertical support; constructing the left unit of the upper step by the same method, and synchronously removing the anchor rods of the vertical temporary supports during excavation, wherein the temporary supports are not removed;
(5) constructing a temporary inverted arch of the upper step;
(6) excavating and supporting at the same time, excavating a position with one roof truss each time, and then supporting one roof truss; respectively finishing the excavation and the support of a right side unit and a left side unit of the middle step and the lower step; and when the right side of the middle step is excavated, the temporary vertical support and the temporary inverted arch are removed.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114152159A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-03-08 | 中国葛洲坝集团国际工程有限公司 | Full-section synchronous blasting tunneling construction method for side wall on reserved side of large-section tunnel crown arch |
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