CN113216847A - Prestressed anchor cable pore-forming method suitable for rock-soil intersection complex stratum - Google Patents
Prestressed anchor cable pore-forming method suitable for rock-soil intersection complex stratum Download PDFInfo
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- CN113216847A CN113216847A CN202110559206.8A CN202110559206A CN113216847A CN 113216847 A CN113216847 A CN 113216847A CN 202110559206 A CN202110559206 A CN 202110559206A CN 113216847 A CN113216847 A CN 113216847A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 169
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/20—Driving or forcing casings or pipes into boreholes, e.g. sinking; Simultaneously drilling and casing boreholes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B1/00—Percussion drilling
- E21B1/02—Surface drives for drop hammers or percussion drilling, e.g. with a cable
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/16—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor using gaseous fluids
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
- E21B4/06—Down-hole impacting means, e.g. hammers
- E21B4/14—Fluid operated hammers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
- E21B4/20—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole combined with surface drive
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/02—Drilling rigs characterized by means for land transport with their own drive, e.g. skid mounting or wheel mounting
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
Abstract
The application relates to a prestressed anchor cable pore-forming method suitable for rock-soil intersection complex strata, which belongs to the technical field of rock-soil construction, wherein a prestressed anchor cable pore-forming device comprises a first drilling device, a second drilling device and a third drilling device; drilling in a soft soil layer by the first drilling device, drilling in a sandy gravel and strongly weathered stratum or in a strongly weathered rock layer by the second drilling device, and drilling in a moderately slightly weathered rock layer by the third drilling device. The construction progress accelerating method has the effects of accelerating the construction progress and being suitable for various stratums.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of rock and soil construction, in particular to a prestressed anchor cable pore-forming method suitable for rock and soil intersection complex strata.
Background
In south China, the geological conditions are often the condition of rock-soil interaction.
In the traditional prestressed anchor cable pore-forming construction method, a sleeve follow-up pore-forming mode can be adopted when a soft soil layer is subjected to pore-forming, so that pore collapse can be effectively prevented; the purpose of forming holes can be achieved by adopting an impactor of a drilling machine to impact in a hard sand-gravel and strongly weathered stratum; and holes can be formed in the strongly weathered rock stratum without rod withdrawing and bit changing, but the traditional drilling machine is difficult to drill in the moderately and slightly weathered rock stratum due to the limitation of the bit strength and the impact strength of the impactor. When the down-the-hole hammer is used for drilling, the down-the-hole hammer is high in hole forming efficiency of impact rotary drilling, good hole forming effect can be achieved even in a medium and slightly weathered rock stratum, and holes are prone to collapse when the down-the-hole hammer is used for drilling in a weak rock stratum. By the above, the anchor cable pore-forming drilling machine often lacks the function of switching operation between rock and soil, and the anchor cable pore-forming drilling machine is led to be not applicable to the interactive condition of rock and soil simultaneously to influence the engineering progress.
In view of the above-mentioned related technologies, the inventor thinks that there is a defect that the existing anchor cable hole-forming drilling machine lacks the function of switching operation between rock and soil, resulting in affecting the progress of the project.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem that the existing anchor cable pore-forming drilling machine is lack of the function of mutual switching operation between rock and soil and influences the engineering progress, the application provides a prestressed anchor cable pore-forming method suitable for rock-soil intersection complex strata.
The prestressed anchor cable pore-forming method applicable to rock-soil intersection complex strata adopts the following technical scheme: the prestressed anchor cable pore-forming device comprises a first drilling device, a second drilling device and a third drilling device; drilling a hole in a soft soil layer by the first drilling device, drilling a hole in a sandy gravel and strongly weathered stratum or in a strongly weathered rock layer by the second drilling device, and drilling a hole in a moderately slightly weathered rock layer by the third drilling device, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
s1: measuring and paying off, and determining hole positions on site;
s2: the first drilling device is in place;
s3: when the hole is drilled in the soft soil layer, a sleeve is arranged outside the first drilling device, so that the hole is formed by adopting sleeve drilling; the casing is filled with high-pressure water in the drilling process, the high-pressure water and the soil body act to form slurry in the drilling process, and the slurry is discharged through a gap between the casing and the first drilling device, so that the soil body is discharged as slurry;
s4: when the hole is drilled in the sandy gravel and the strongly weathered stratum or the strongly weathered rock stratum, a second drilling device is adopted for drilling;
s5: replacing the second drilling device with a third drilling device;
s6: drilling holes in the moderately and slightly weathered rock stratum by adopting a third drilling device;
s7: and (5) after the punching is finished, pulling out the third drilling device.
By adopting the technical scheme, the first drilling device can drill holes in a soft soil layer, the second drilling device can drill holes in a sandy gravel and strongly weathered stratum or a strongly weathered stratum, and the third drilling device can drill holes in a medium and slightly weathered stratum, so that the first drilling device, the second drilling device and the third drilling device are used in a combined manner, the advantages of respective hole forming construction structures are combined with each other, and the hole forming feasibility and the success rate in a stratum with complex rock and soil intersection are good; the setting of sheathed tube makes the drilling in-process avoid collapsing the hole, and has the feature of environmental protection, prevents to creep into the in-process dust and flies upward, guarantees clear hole effectual, in addition, still makes the pore-forming efficient, with low costs, the benefit is showing.
Optionally, the first drilling device comprises a cable drill, a drill rod and a common drill bit; the drill rod connects the common drill bit with the anchor line drilling rig.
By adopting the technical scheme, the common drill bit has good drilling effect in the soft soil layer, so that the first drilling device is suitable for the soft soil layer; and the first drilling device is simple in structure and convenient to construct.
Optionally, the sleeve in step S3 is sleeved outside the drill rod, the outer circumferential surface of the sleeve is in contact with the soft soil layer, and a distance exists between the inner wall of the sleeve and the drill rod and between the inner wall of the sleeve and the common drill bit.
By adopting the technical scheme, when holes are cleaned in the drilling process, slurry formed by the action of high-pressure water and a soil body can be discharged through a gap between the inner wall of the casing pipe and the outer wall of the drill pipe, so that the hole cleaning effect is good.
Optionally, the second drilling device comprises a cable drill, a drill rod, a common drill bit and a hammer; the impacter is fixedly arranged on the anchor cable drilling machine, and the drill rod connects the common drill bit with the impacter.
By adopting the technical scheme, the common drill bit can drill into the sandy gravel and the strongly weathered stratum or the strongly weathered stratum under the impact action of the impactor, so that the second drilling device is suitable for the sandy gravel and the strongly weathered stratum or the strongly weathered stratum; when the second drilling device is used, after the first drilling square device completes drilling on the soft soil layer, the impacter of the anchor cable drilling machine is opened, continuous drilling can be achieved, drilling continuity is guaranteed, and drilling efficiency is improved.
Optionally, the impactor is cylindrical, and a hollow channel is arranged in the impactor.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme for make the clear hole time convenient high-pressure rivers pass through, improve clear hole efficiency.
Optionally, the third drilling device comprises an anchor cable drilling machine, a drill rod and a down-the-hole hammer; the drill pipe connects the down-the-hole hammer to the anchor line drill.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the volume impact force of down-the-hole hammer is big for the drilling can be in well slightly weathering rock stratum to the third kind drilling equipment, improves drilling efficiency.
Optionally, the casing in step S3 is located in the weak soil layer and the sandy gravel and strongly weathered formation or in the strongly weathered formation.
By adopting the technical scheme, the arrangement of the sleeve avoids the phenomenon of hole collapse when drilling in the soft soil layer and the strongly weathered stratum, and also facilitates hole cleaning when drilling in the soft soil layer and the strongly weathered stratum, thereby improving the hole forming efficiency.
Optionally, the soft soil layer and the sandy gravel and strongly weathered stratum or the casing in the strongly weathered rock stratum are tightly connected with the borehole in the medium and slightly weathered rock stratum.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme for the drilling in sleeve pipe and the well gentle weathering rock stratum forms the region of relative seal, thereby guarantees when the clear hole of wind pressure, the phenomenon of leaking out can not appear, improves clear hole quality.
Optionally, in step S3, the first drilling device does not core during drilling.
By adopting the technical scheme, the continuity of drilling is ensured, and the drilling efficiency is improved.
Optionally, the drill rods in the first drilling device, the second drilling device and the third drilling device are all hollow.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the convenient clear hole time high-pressure rivers pass through for clear hole process is smooth and easy, improves clear hole efficiency.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the first drilling device, the second drilling device and the third drilling device are used in a combined mode, and the advantages of respective hole forming construction structures are combined with one another, so that hole forming in a rock-soil intersection complex stratum is good in feasibility and high in success rate; the arrangement of the sleeve pipe enables hole collapse to be avoided in the drilling process, the sleeve pipe is environment-friendly, dust in the drilling process is prevented from flying, the hole cleaning effect is good, in addition, the hole forming efficiency is high, the cost is low, and the benefit is obvious;
2. the inner wall of the sleeve and the outer wall of the drill rod are spaced, so that when holes are cleaned in the drilling process, slurry formed by the action of high-pressure water and a soil body can be discharged through a gap between the inner wall of the sleeve and the outer wall of the drill rod, and the hole cleaning effect is good;
3. the sleeve and the drill hole in the medium and slightly weathered rock stratum form a relatively sealed area, so that the phenomenon of air leakage can be avoided when the wind pressure is used for cleaning the hole, and the hole cleaning quality is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a first drilling apparatus drilling a hole;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of drilling by the second drilling apparatus;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the drilling of a third drilling apparatus.
In the figure, 10, a soft soil layer; 20. sandy gravel and strongly weathered formations or in strongly weathered rock formations; 30. a moderately weakly weathered rock formation; 1. an anchor cable drilling machine; 2. a drill stem; 3. a common drill bit, 4, an impactor; 5. a down-the-hole hammer; 6. a sleeve.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to figures 1-3.
The embodiment of the application discloses a prestressed anchor cable pore-forming method suitable for rock-soil intersection complex strata.
Referring to fig. 1, the method for forming a hole in a prestressed anchor cable suitable for a rock-soil convergence complex stratum comprises the following steps:
s1: measuring and paying off, and determining hole positions on site; and leveling the construction platform, rechecking the horizontal elevation of each row of anchor cables, drawing through lines for hole distribution according to the designed horizontal spacing requirement of the anchor cables, and marking and numbering by using timber piles or steel bars.
S2: the first drilling device is in place; the first drilling device comprises an anchor cable drilling machine 1, a drill rod 2 and a common drill bit 3, wherein the drill rod 2 is hollow, the common drill bit 3 is connected with the anchor cable drilling machine 1 through the drill rod 2, and the anchor cable drilling machine 1 is stably cushioned by using a wood square column or a steel plate, so that the anchor cable drilling machine 1 is prevented from shaking greatly to influence the hole forming quality in the drilling process; the front part of the common drill bit 3 is of a round-cake-like structure, the rear part of the common drill bit 3 is of a hollow round tube structure, the surface of the round-cake-like structure is provided with a plurality of salient points and two round holes, the salient points are beneficial to the tunneling of the common drill bit 3, and the round holes are used for ensuring that high-pressure water flows pass through the round holes during hole cleaning; the drill rod 2 is of a hollow structure and ensures that high-pressure water flows through the drill rod during hole cleaning; the drill rod 2 is connected with the round hole of the common drill bit 3, so that the hole cleaning high-pressure water flow flows through the drill rod 2 to the common drill bit 3. The ordinary drill bit 3 and the drill rod 2 are both made of alloy materials.
S3: when drilling in the soft soil layer 10, the forefront part of the first drilling device in the soft soil layer 10 is provided with the common drill bit 3, and the drill rod 2 is sleeved with the sleeve 6, so that the drilling mode of the sleeve 6 is adopted during drilling, the first drilling device is ensured not to collapse during drilling in the soft soil layer 10, and the quality of hole forming is ensured; the outer wall of the sleeve 6 is in contact with the soft soil layer 10, and a distance is reserved between the inner wall of the sleeve 6 and the drill rod 2 as well as the common drill bit 3; the anchor cable drilling machine 1 is connected with a clean water pump.
During construction, a common drill bit 3 at the front end of a casing 6 is adopted for drilling, a clean water pump is started in the drilling process, so that the casing 6 is filled with high-pressure water, the high-pressure water and a soil body act to form slurry in the drilling process, the slurry is discharged through a gap between the casing 6 and a drill rod 2, the soil body is formed into slurry, and the slurry is discharged until the slurry returned from an orifice is free from hanging hands; the ordinary drill bit 3 does not core during the drilling process, thereby ensuring continuous drilling of the casing 6.
S4: referring to fig. 2, when the ordinary drill bit 3 drills to a sandy gravel and strongly weathered formation or in a strongly weathered rock formation 20, the first drilling device is changed to a second drilling device; the second drilling device comprises an anchor cable drilling machine 1, a drill rod 2, a common drill bit 3 and an impactor 4 carried by the anchor cable drilling machine 1; the impacter 4 is cylindrical, and its inside is provided with hollow channel for the circulation of rivers and air, and the both ends of impacter 4 link to each other with anchor rope drilling machine 1 and drilling rod 2 respectively, and drilling rod 2 links to each other impacter 4 and ordinary drill bit 3, when second kind drilling equipment was bored in sand cobble and strong weathering stratum or in strong weathering rock stratum 20, impacter 4 provided the impact force for the drill bit, it is easier when making ordinary drill bit 3 bore a hole.
When the second drilling device drills, the casing 6 is also sleeved outside the drill rod 2, the casing 6 in the step is the same as the installation mode of the casing 6 in the step S3, the casing 6 is filled with high-pressure water in the drilling process of the second drilling device, the high-pressure water and the soil body act to form slurry in the drilling process, and the slurry is discharged through a gap between the casing 6 and the second drilling device, so that the soil body is formed into slurry and discharged.
S5: referring to fig. 3, when the second drilling device is drilled into the moderately-weathered rock formation 30, the second drilling device is pulled out and replaced by a third drilling device, the third drilling device comprises a cable drill 1, a drill rod 2 and a down-the-hole hammer 5, and the drill rod 2 connects the down-the-hole hammer 5 with the cable drill 1.
S6: drilling holes in the moderately slightly weathered rock layer 30 by using a third drilling device; the drill rod 2 and the down-the-hole hammer 5 are placed in the casing 6, the down-the-hole hammer 5 forms a hole in the rock by using high pressure, and the diameter of the formed hole is smaller than the hole diameter formed by the casing 6 due to the fact that the down-the-hole hammer 5 needs to penetrate through the casing 6. In the third drilling device, wind pressure is adopted for hole cleaning in the drilling process.
The soft soil layer 10, the sand pebbles, the strongly weathered stratum or the sleeve 6 of the strongly weathered stratum 20 and the medium and slightly weathered stratum 30 are tightly connected to form a relatively sealed area, so that air leakage can not occur in the air pressure hole cleaning process, and the hole cleaning quality is ensured.
S7: and (5) after the punching is finished, pulling out the third drilling device.
The embodiments of the present invention are preferred embodiments of the present application, and the scope of protection of the present application is not limited by the embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the present application shall be covered by the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The method for forming the hole by the prestressed anchor cable is suitable for rock-soil intersection complex strata, and is characterized in that: the prestressed anchor cable pore-forming device comprises a first drilling device, a second drilling device and a third drilling device; drilling in a soft and weak soil layer (10) by means of the first drilling device, drilling in a sandy gravel and strongly weathered ground layer or in a strongly weathered rock layer (20) by means of the second drilling device, and drilling in a moderately weakly weathered rock layer (30) by means of the third drilling device, comprising the following steps:
s1: measuring and paying off, and determining hole positions on site;
s2: the first drilling device is in place;
s3: when holes are drilled in the soft soil layer (10), a sleeve (6) is arranged outside the first drilling device, so that the holes are drilled by the sleeve (6); the casing (6) is filled with high-pressure water in the drilling process, the high-pressure water and the soil body act to form slurry in the drilling process, and the slurry is discharged through a gap between the casing (6) and the first drilling device, so that the soil body is discharged as slurry;
s4: when drilling in sandy pebbles and strongly weathered formations or in strongly weathered rock formations (20), drilling with a second drilling device;
s5: replacing the second drilling device with a third drilling device;
s6: drilling a hole in the moderately slightly weathered rock formation (30) by using a third drilling device;
s7: and (5) after the punching is finished, pulling out the third drilling device.
2. The method for forming the prestressed anchor cable hole in the rock-soil convergence complex stratum as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the first drilling device comprises an anchor cable drilling machine (1), a drill rod (2) and a common drill bit (3); the drill rod (2) connects the common drill bit (3) with the anchor cable drilling machine (1).
3. The method for forming the prestressed anchor cable hole in the rock-soil convergence complex stratum as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the sleeve (6) in the step S3 is sleeved outside the drill rod (2), the outer peripheral surface of the sleeve (6) is in contact with the soft soil layer (10), and a distance exists between the inner wall of the sleeve and the drill rod (2) and between the inner wall of the sleeve and the common drill bit (3).
4. The method for forming the prestressed anchor cable hole in the rock-soil convergence complex stratum as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the second drilling device comprises an anchor cable drilling machine (1), a drill rod (2), a common drill bit (3) and an impactor (4); the impactor (4) is fixedly arranged on the anchor cable drilling machine (1), and the drill rod (2) connects the common drill bit (3) with the impactor (4).
5. The method for forming the prestressed anchor cable hole in the rock-soil convergence complex stratum as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the impactor (4) is cylindrical, and a hollow channel is arranged in the impactor (4).
6. The method for forming the prestressed anchor cable hole in the rock-soil convergence complex stratum as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the third drilling device comprises an anchor cable drilling machine (1), a drill rod (2) and a down-the-hole hammer (5); the drill rod (2) connects the down-the-hole hammer (5) with the anchor cable drilling machine (1).
7. The method for forming the prestressed anchor cable hole in the rock-soil convergence complex stratum as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the casing (6) in step S3 is located in the weak soil layer (10) and the sandy gravel and strongly weathered formation or in the strongly weathered rock layer (20).
8. The method for forming the prestressed anchor cable hole in the rock-soil convergence complex stratum as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the soft soil layer (10) and the sand pebbles and the strongly weathered stratum or the casing (6) in the strongly weathered rock layer (20) are tightly connected with the drill hole in the medium and slightly weathered rock layer (30).
9. The method for forming the prestressed anchor cable hole in the rock-soil convergence complex stratum as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S3, the first drilling device does not core during drilling.
10. The method for forming a hole in a prestressed anchor cable suitable for rock-soil convergence complex strata as claimed in any one of claims 2, 4 or 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the drill rods (2) in the first drilling device, the second drilling device and the third drilling device are all hollow.
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| CN202110559206.8A CN113216847A (en) | 2021-05-21 | 2021-05-21 | Prestressed anchor cable pore-forming method suitable for rock-soil intersection complex stratum |
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| CN202110559206.8A CN113216847A (en) | 2021-05-21 | 2021-05-21 | Prestressed anchor cable pore-forming method suitable for rock-soil intersection complex stratum |
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