CN113215451A - High-strength Al-Mg-Si-Cu aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength Al-Mg-Si-Cu aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-strength Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy and a preparation method thereof, and the high-strength Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.75-1.10 wt.%, Fe: 0.35 wt.%, Cu: 0.75-1.0 wt.%, Mn: 0.5-0.75 wt.%, Mg: 0.85-1.30 wt.%, Cr: less than or equal to 0.05 wt.%, Ti: not more than 0.10 wt.%, the balance being Al, the sum of the mass percentages of the components being 100%, and the mass ratio of (Mg + Si)/Cu being controlled to be 1.6-3.2, mixing the raw materials, and carrying out smelting, casting, homogenizing treatment, hot extrusion, quenching and aging treatment to obtain the high-strength Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy. According to the Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy, 0.85-1.30 wt.% of Mg element is added, and the mass ratio of (Mg + Si)/Cu is strictly controlled, so that the alloy material with the strength of more than 450MPa can be prepared.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy, and particularly relates to a high-strength Al-Mg-Si-Cu aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the vigorous development of new energy automobiles, the trend of light weight of automobiles is more and more emphasized. The Al-Mg-Si- (Cu) alloy has excellent corrosion resistance, weldability and formability, so that the Al-Mg-Si- (Cu) alloy is widely applied to new energy automobiles. However, the strength is generally on the order of 300 MPa. In order to realize the purposes of high efficiency, energy conservation and environmental protection, the development of Al-Mg-Si- (Cu) alloy with higher strength has very important significance.
At present, Al-Mg-Si- (Cu) alloys widely applied to new energy automobiles mainly comprise alloys with low Cu content of 6063, 6005A and 6082, medium Cu content of 6061 and the like. However, these alloy strengths are generally below 400 MPa; in addition, in order to further improve the strength of Al — Mg — Si- (Cu) -based alloys, alloys such as 6111 and 6013 having a high Cu content have been developed by further increasing the Cu content in addition to the above alloys. The Cu content of the alloys reaches 1 percent by weight, although the strength can reach 400MPa, the alloys with the strength requirement of 450MPa cannot meet the requirement; in addition, the development of 450MPa grade Al-Mg-Si- (Cu) alloy is still the current technical difficulty due to the limitation of essential characteristics such as the aging strengthening capability of the alloy.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a high-strength Al-Mg-Si- (Cu) alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the strength of the high-strength Al-Mg-Si- (Cu) alloy can reach 450MPa level.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a high-strength Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.75-1.10 wt.%, Fe: 0.35 wt.%, Cu: 0.75-1.0 wt.%, Mn: 0.5-0.75 wt.%, Mg: 0.85-1.30 wt.%, Cr: less than or equal to 0.05 wt.%, Ti: not more than 0.10 wt%, the balance being Al, the sum of the mass percentages of the components being 100%, and the mass ratio of (Mg + Si)/Cu being controlled to be 1.6-3.2.
The invention is used for supplementing Q phase (Al) as much as possible by adding 0.85-1.30 wt.% of Mg element5Cu2Mg8Si6) The required content of Mg element and the mass ratio of (Mg + Si)/Cu are strictly controlled, on one hand, the Q phase (Al) of the strengthening phase is improved as much as possible5Cu2Mg8Si6) On the other hand, excessive formation of theta phase (Al) is avoided2Cu) so as to obviously improve the strength of the alloy material and obtain the Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy with the grade of 450 MPa.
Preferably, the mass ratio of (Mg + Si)/Cu is 2.2. The preferred mass ratio of (Mg + Si)/Cu in the present invention is 2.2, and the largest volume fraction of Q phase (Al) can be formed5Cu2Mg8Si6) While avoiding excessive formation of theta phase (Al)2Cu) so as to improve the strength of the alloy material to the maximum extent.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-strength Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy, which comprises the steps of mixing the raw materials, smelting, casting ingot, homogenizing, hot extruding, quenching and aging to obtain the high-strength Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy.
Preferably, the smelting temperature is 720-760 ℃.
Preferably, the ingot casting adopts a semi-continuous ingot casting mode, the casting temperature is 690-710 ℃, and the casting speed is 45-140 mm/min.
Preferably, the homogenization treatment process comprises the following steps: heating the cast ingot to 530-560 ℃, preserving heat for 1-10 h, then cooling to 400-450 ℃ at a speed of not more than 15 ℃/min, and then cooling to below 180 ℃ at a speed of not less than 30 ℃/min.
Preferably, the hot extrusion process parameters are as follows: heating the ingot after homogenizing treatment to 500-530 ℃, wherein the temperature of an extrusion cylinder is 430-500 ℃, and the extrusion speed of an extrusion material is 4-20 m/min.
Preferably, the quenching temperature is not lower than 535 ℃, and the quenching cooling medium is water.
Preferably, the temperature of the aging treatment is 100-200 ℃, and the time is 1-48 h.
According to the invention, 0.85-1.30 wt.% of Mg element is added, and the mass ratio of (Mg + Si)/Cu is strictly controlled, so that the Q phase (Al) of the strengthening phase is improved as much as possible5Cu2Mg8Si6) On the other hand, excessive formation of theta phase (Al) is avoided2Cu), and in the preparation process of the alloy material, the Q phase plays a role in precipitation strengthening, so that the strength of the alloy material is obviously improved, and the 450 MPa-grade Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy is obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
according to the Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy, 0.85-1.30 wt.% of Mg element is added, and the mass ratio of (Mg + Si)/Cu is strictly controlled, so that the alloy material with the strength of more than 450MPa can be prepared.
Detailed Description
All materials, reagents and equipment selected for use in the present invention are well known in the art, but do not limit the practice of the invention, and other reagents and equipment well known in the art may be suitable for use in the practice of the following embodiments of the invention.
Example 1
A high-strength Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: si: 0.75%, Fe: 0.18%, Cu, 1.00%, Mn: 0.60%, Mg: 0.85%, Cr: 0.05%, Ti: 0.068 percent, and the balance of Al, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent; the mass ratio of (Mg + Si)/Cu was 1.6. The alloy of the composition was used to prepare an extruded material of 6mm thickness, the extrusion ratio of which was 20.
The preparation method of the alloy extruded material comprises the following steps:
s1 smelting: proportioning according to a set proportion, smelting and melting raw materials at 740 ℃, fully stirring, degassing and deslagging;
s2 ingot casting: obtaining a melt meeting the requirements through smelting, and casting a cast ingot for extrusion at 700 ℃ by adopting a semi-continuous casting method;
s3 homogenization: heating the ingot to 560 ℃ and preserving heat for 1h, then cooling to 450 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, then cooling to below 180 ℃ at the speed of 45 ℃/min, discharging and naturally cooling to obtain the ingot after homogenization treatment;
s4 hot extrusion: heating the ingot obtained in the step (3) after homogenizing treatment to 530 ℃, wherein the temperature of an extrusion cylinder is 500 ℃, and then extruding at the extrusion speed of 20 m/min;
s5 quenching: the quenching temperature is 535 ℃, and the extruded material flows out of the die hole and enters an online quenching device for water-through quenching treatment;
s6 aging: heating the quenched extruded material to 100 ℃, preserving heat for 48 hours, carrying out aging treatment, and discharging to obtain the high-strength Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy extruded material, wherein the mechanical properties of the obtained extruded material are shown in Table 1.
Example 2
A high-strength Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: si: 1.10%, Fe: 0.18%, Cu, 0.75%, Mn: 0.50%, Mg: 1.30%, Cr: 0.05%, Ti: 0.06 percent, and the balance of Al, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent; the mass ratio of (Mg + Si)/Cu was 3.2. The alloy of the composition was used to prepare an extruded material of 6mm thickness, the extrusion ratio of which was 20.
The preparation method of the alloy extruded material comprises the following steps:
s1 smelting: proportioning according to a set proportion, smelting and melting raw materials at 740 ℃, fully stirring, degassing and deslagging;
s2 ingot casting: obtaining a melt meeting the requirements through smelting, and casting a cast ingot for extrusion at 700 ℃ by adopting a semi-continuous casting method;
s3 homogenization: heating the ingot to 530 ℃ and preserving heat for 10h, then cooling to 400 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, then cooling to below 180 ℃ at the speed of not less than 50 ℃/min, discharging and naturally cooling to obtain the ingot after homogenization treatment;
s4 hot extrusion: heating the ingot obtained in the step (3) after homogenizing treatment to 500 ℃, wherein the temperature of an extrusion cylinder is 430 ℃, and then extruding at the extrusion speed of 4 m/min;
s5 quenching: the quenching temperature is 535 ℃, and the extruded material flows out of the die hole and enters an online quenching device for water-through quenching treatment;
s6 aging: heating the quenched extruded material to 200 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, carrying out aging treatment, discharging to obtain the high-strength Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy extruded material, wherein the mechanical properties of the obtained extruded material are shown in Table 1.
Example 3
A high-strength Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: si: 0.9%, Fe: 0.18%, Cu, 0.95%, Mn: 0.60%, Mg: 1.2%, Cr: 0.05%, Ti: 0.068 percent, and the balance of Al, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent; the mass ratio of (Mg + Si)/Cu was 2.2. The alloy of the composition was used to prepare an extruded material of 6mm thickness, the extrusion ratio of which was 20.
The preparation method of the alloy extruded material comprises the following steps:
s1 smelting: proportioning according to a set proportion, smelting and melting raw materials at 740 ℃, fully stirring, degassing and deslagging;
s2 ingot casting: obtaining a melt meeting the requirements through smelting, and casting an ingot for extrusion at 700 ℃ by adopting a semi-continuous ingot casting method;
s3 homogenization: heating the ingot to 540 ℃, preserving heat for 8h, cooling to 400 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, cooling to below 180 ℃ at the speed of 30 ℃/min, discharging and naturally cooling to obtain the ingot after homogenization treatment;
s4 hot extrusion: heating the ingot obtained in the step (3) after homogenizing treatment to 500 ℃, wherein the temperature of an extrusion cylinder is 430 ℃, and then extruding at the extrusion speed of 12 m/min;
s5 quenching: the quenching temperature is 535 ℃, and the extruded material flows out of the die hole and enters an online quenching device for water-through quenching treatment;
s6 aging: heating the quenched extruded material to 160 ℃, preserving heat for 24 hours, carrying out aging treatment, and discharging to obtain the high-strength Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy extruded material, wherein the mechanical properties of the obtained extruded material are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 1
The alloy used in comparative example 1 comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: si: 0.85%, Fe: 0.18%, Cu, 1.2%, Mn: 0.60%, Mg: 0.90%, Cr: 0.05%, Ti: 0.05 percent, and the balance of Al, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent; the mass ratio of (Mg + Si)/Cu was 1.46. The preparation method is the same as that of example 1. The mechanical properties of the resulting extrudate are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 2
The alloy used in comparative example 2 comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: si: 1.10%, Fe: 0.18%, Cu, 0.70%, Mn: 0.50%, Mg: 1.30%, Cr: 0.05%, Ti: 0.06 percent, and the balance of Al, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of the components is 100 percent; the mass ratio of (Mg + Si)/Cu was 3.43. The casting, homogenization and aging processes are the same as those in example 1, and the extrusion process is as follows: heating the cast ingot to 500 ℃, wherein the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 450 ℃, and the extrusion speed of the extrusion material is 8 m/min; the quenching temperature is 520 ℃, and the quenching mode is online water penetration quenching. The mechanical properties of the resulting extrudate are shown in Table 1.
And (3) testing mechanical properties: the assay was performed as described in part 1 room temperature test method of the GBT228.1-2010 Metal Material tensile test.
TABLE 1 mechanical Properties of the extruded Material according to examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2
Sample (I) | Tensile strength/MPa | Yield strength/MPa | Elongation/percent |
Example 1 | 452 | 421 | 11.5% |
Example 2 | 468 | 432 | 10.1% |
Example 3 | 472 | 445 | 10.3% |
Comparative example 1 | 406 | 374 | 10.8% |
Comparative example 2 | 419 | 382 | 12.0% |
Claims (9)
1. A high-strength Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy, characterized in that: the alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.75-1.10 wt.%, Fe: 0.35 wt.%, Cu: 0.75-1.0 wt.%, Mn: 0.5-0.75 wt.%, Mg: 0.85-1.30 wt.%, Cr: less than or equal to 0.05 wt.%, Ti: not more than 0.10 wt%, the balance being Al, the sum of the mass percentages of the components being 100%, and the mass ratio of (Mg + Si)/Cu being controlled to be 1.6-3.2.
2. The high-strength Al-Mg-Si-Cu-based alloy according to claim 1, wherein: the mass ratio of (Mg + Si)/Cu was 2.2.
3. The method for producing a high-strength Al-Mg-Si-Cu-based alloy according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: mixing the raw materials, smelting, casting, homogenizing, hot extruding, quenching and aging to obtain the high-strength Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy.
4. The production method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the smelting temperature is 720-760 ℃.
5. The production method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the ingot casting adopts a semi-continuous casting mode, the casting temperature is 690-710 ℃, and the casting speed is 45-140 mm/min.
6. The production method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the homogenizing treatment process comprises the following steps: heating the cast ingot to 530-560 ℃, preserving heat for 1-10 h, then cooling to 400-450 ℃ at a speed of not more than 15 ℃/min, and then cooling to below 180 ℃ at a speed of not less than 30 ℃/min.
7. The production method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the technological parameters of the hot extrusion are as follows: heating the ingot after homogenizing treatment to 500-530 ℃, wherein the temperature of an extrusion cylinder is 430-500 ℃, and the extrusion speed of an extrusion material is 4-20 m/min.
8. The production method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the quenching temperature is not lower than 535 ℃, and the quenching cooling medium is water.
9. The production method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the temperature of the aging treatment is 100-200 ℃, and the time is 1-48 h.
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