CN113215004A - Method for regulating and controlling balanced growth in mixed culture process of edible and medicinal fungi - Google Patents
Method for regulating and controlling balanced growth in mixed culture process of edible and medicinal fungi Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for regulating and controlling balanced growth in a mixed culture process of edible and medicinal fungi, relates to the technical field of mixed fermentation of edible fungi, and particularly relates to a method for regulating and controlling balanced growth in a mixed culture process of edible and medicinal fungi, which comprises the following steps: (1) firstly, preparing different edible and medicinal fungus mother strain slopes, wherein the culture temperature is 21-25 ℃, and the relative humidity is 50-70%; (2) after the mycelia on the inclined surface are mature, respectively inoculating improved PDA liquid culture media added with organic carboxylic acid, wherein the culture temperature is 23-25 ℃, the rotation speed is 200-250 rpm, and the culture time is 48-96 h; (3) inoculating different medicinal and edible fungus seed liquids into a fermentation culture medium added with organic carboxylic acid according to the same inoculation amount of 5-10%, wherein the culture temperature is 23-25 ℃, the rotation speed is 200-250 rpm, the culture time is 120-168 h, and light-dark rhythm culture or dark culture or illumination culture is carried out in the fermentation process. The method can regulate and control the balanced growth of the mycelium in the mixed culture process of the edible and edible fungi, and can effectively promote the development of edible fungi mixed fermentation products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of edible fungus mixed fermentation, in particular to a method for regulating and controlling balanced growth in a mixed culture process of edible and medicinal fungi.
Background
The medicinal fungi are microorganisms with the functions of preventing and treating diseases, and most of the medicinal fungi belong to the basidiomycotina of the mushroom fungi, and a few of the medicinal fungi belong to the ascomycotina. Many of them can be used as both medicine and food, such as Lentinus Edodes, Hericium Erinaceus, Auricularia, Tremella, Poria, Dictyophora Indusiata (Vent. Ex pers) Fisch, Morchella esculenta (L.) pers, and Boletus edulis (Boletus) pers. The medicinal edible fungi contain various pharmacological active components, mainly including polysaccharide, alkaloid, terpenoid, sterol, protein or proteoglycan, etc. Pharmacological research shows that many medical and edible fungi have pharmacological effects of resisting tumor, regulating immunity, resisting bacteria and viruses, preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, protecting liver, resisting oxidation and the like.
At present, the research and the application of the independent culture and the fermentation of edible fungi or edible and medicinal fungi are wide, and the method and the technology are mature. However, the research on the mixed culture of the edible fungi is not many, and the main reason is that different strains have influence and competition in the mixed culture process, and the balanced growth of different strains is not easy to control. Wuzhongwei et al have studied the liquid fermentation mixed culture characteristics and the liquid fermentation conditions of Cordyceps sinensis and Korea, the contents of the two articles are basically the same, and the microscope observation method is mainly adopted to distinguish the mononuclear hyphae from the binuclear hyphae to judge the balanced growth condition of the strain, but the quantitative analysis is not carried out on the biomass of different fungi (journal of microbiology, 2007, 27(006): 60-63; food science, 2008, 29(005): 307-. The invention patent CN201410294324.0 discloses a health oral liquid containing cordyceps sinensis fermentation broth, mushroom fermentation broth and ganoderma lucidum fermentation broth, but the three fermentation broths are mixed after being respectively cultured, and are not mixed for culture.
Disclosure of Invention
The product of fungus fermentation for medicine and food plays an important role in disease prevention and treatment and body health care, but most of the past products and processes are the fermentation of single variety of fungus for medicine and food, the bioactive substances and the efficacy of the product are relatively single, and various fungi for food and medicine are mixed, fermented and cultured, so that the product is rich in various bioactive substances and can play various pharmacological effects, thereby being one of the directions of the future research and application of fungi for food and medicine; an important problem in the current mixed fermentation research is how to realize the balanced growth among different strains, and the diversity and the multiplicity of the efficacy of bioactive substances can be ensured only by solving the key problem.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for regulating and controlling balanced growth in a mixed culture process of edible and medicinal fungi comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, preparing different edible and medicinal fungus mother strain slopes, wherein the culture temperature is 21-25 ℃, and the relative humidity is 50-70%;
(2) after the mycelia on the inclined surface are mature, respectively inoculating improved PDA liquid culture media added with organic carboxylic acid, wherein the culture temperature is 23-25 ℃, the rotation speed is 200-250 rpm, and the culture time is 48-96 h;
(3) inoculating different medicinal and edible fungus seed solutions into a fermentation culture medium added with organic carboxylic acid according to the same inoculation amount of 5-10%, wherein the culture temperature is 23-25 ℃, the rotation speed is 200-250 rpm, the culture time is 120-168 h, and light-dark rhythm culture or dark culture or illumination culture is carried out in the fermentation process;
(4) and after fermentation, respectively measuring the total biomass in different culture modes, and measuring the biomass of different strains and the total content of bioactive substances, namely nucleoside, terpenoid and sterol by a dilution coating method.
Optionally, the medical and edible fungi related in the step (1) comprise any two or more of ganoderma lucidum, cordyceps sinensis, tremella aurantialba, armillaria mellea, hericium erinaceus, shiitake mushroom and grifola frondosa, which are mixed and fermented.
Optionally, the organic carboxylic acid added to the PDA medium in step (2) includes one or more organic carboxylic acid mixtures of citric acid, ascorbic acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, benzoic acid, caffeic acid, catechin, succinic acid, ursolic acid, and pyruvic acid.
Optionally, the content of the organic carboxylic acid added into the PDA culture medium in the step (2) is 0.05-0.6%.
Optionally, a slow-acting nitrogen source is added into the improved PDA culture medium in the step (2), and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is controlled to be 1: 1-3: 1.
Optionally, the slow carbon source in the fermentation medium in the step (3) may be one or more of maltodextrin, corn starch, potato extract and potato starch; the slow-acting nitrogen source can be one or more of soybean powder, fish peptone powder, peanut cake powder and cottonseed cake powder, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is controlled to be 1: 1-4: 1.
Optionally, the ratio of light to dark time in the mixed fermentation process in the step (3) is 3: 1-1: 2.
The invention provides a method for regulating and controlling the balanced growth in a mixed culture process of edible and medicinal fungi, which has the following beneficial effects:
the invention has the beneficial effects that the balanced growth of mixed culture of various medical and edible fungi is realized, and experimental data shows that the biomass ratio range between every two different strains in the culture combination with organic carboxylic acid and light and dark alternately is 0.89-1.06, thereby achieving the purpose of balanced growth. In addition, the content of bioactive substances represented by polysaccharide, adenosine and sterol is respectively improved by 18.3-42.1%, 12.6-18.5% and 7.4-15.6% compared with single culture.
Detailed Description
In the following, technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.
Embodiment 1
The invention provides a technical scheme that: in a method for regulating and controlling the balanced growth of edible and medicinal fungi in a mixed culture process, a medicinal and edible fungi mother strain is prepared by the following steps: firstly, respectively taking 100 mu L of stored ganoderma lucidum, cordyceps sinensis, armillaria mellea and grifola frondosa workplace glycerin tube for inoculation on a PDA inclined plane, culturing at 23 ℃ and about 55% of humidity for 7 days, and preparing an inoculation seed bottle after mycelia are fully distributed on the inclined plane;
seed liquid culture: respectively preparing 50mL of seed culture solution by using triangular flasks with the size of 250mL, adding 2% maltodextrin, 3% soybean meal and 0.12% malic acid into a PDA culture medium as culture medium components, respectively inoculating 4 fungi according to the inoculation amount of a slope with the square centimeter of 5, and then culturing for 72 hours at the temperature of 25 ℃ and the rpm of 220;
mixed fermentation culture: according to the inoculation amount of 6%, 6mL of seed liquid of different medicinal edible fungi is respectively inoculated into a fermentation bottle, the size of the fermentation bottle is 500mL, the liquid loading amount is 100mL, the components of a fermentation medium contain 2% of glucose, 2% of maltodextrin, 3% of corn starch, 1% of yeast extract powder, 3% of soybean meal, 0.25% of oxalic acid, 0.25% of dipotassium phosphate, 0.2% of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, pH6.5, the culture condition is 25 ℃, the rotating speed is 230rpm, the culture time is 168h, and the total illumination time is 84 h.
Analyzing and detecting: respectively adopting a dry weight method, a spectrophotometry method, a dilution coating method and a high performance liquid chromatography to determine the total biomass, the biomass ratio of single species, polysaccharide, adenosine, ergosterol, ganoderic acid A and cordycepin, and the result shows that the total biomass is 65.3g/L, the biomass ratio of the single species is 1: 1.15: 1.2: 1.08, the polysaccharide content is 9.2%, the adenosine content is 2.1mg/g, the ergosterol is 6.9mg/g, the ganoderic acid A is 1.5mg/L, and the cordycepin is 1.1 mg/L.
Example II
In a method for regulating and controlling the balanced growth of edible and medicinal fungi in a mixed culture process, a medicinal and edible fungi mother strain is prepared by the following steps: firstly, respectively taking 100 mu L of different stored edible and medicinal fungi ganoderma lucidum and cordyceps sinensis workplace glycerin pipes to inoculate a PDA inclined plane, culturing at 23 ℃ and about 55% of humidity for 7 days, and preparing an inoculation seed bottle after mycelia are fully distributed on the inclined plane;
seed liquid culture: respectively preparing 50mL of seed culture solution by using triangular flasks with the size of 250mL, adding 2% of maltodextrin, 3% of soybean meal and 0.12% of malic acid into a PDA culture medium as culture medium components, respectively inoculating 2 kinds of fungi according to the inoculation amount of a slope with the square centimeter of 5, and then culturing for 72 hours at the temperature of 25 ℃ and the rpm of 220;
mixed fermentation culture: according to the inoculation amount of 6%, 6mL of seed liquid of different medicinal edible fungi is respectively inoculated into a fermentation bottle, the size of the fermentation bottle is 500mL, the liquid loading amount is 100mL, the components of a fermentation medium contain 2% of glucose, 2% of maltodextrin, 3% of corn starch, 1% of yeast extract powder, 3% of soybean meal, 0.25% of citric acid, 0.25% of dipotassium phosphate, 0.2% of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, the pH value is 6.5, the culture condition is 25 ℃, the rotating speed is 230rpm, the culture time is 168h, and the total illumination time is 84 h.
Analyzing and detecting: the total biomass, the biomass ratio of single species, polysaccharide, adenosine, ergosterol, ganoderic acid A and cordycepin are respectively measured by a dry weight method, a spectrophotometric method, a dilution coating method and a high performance liquid chromatography, and the result shows that the total biomass is 45.8g/L, the biomass ratio of single species is 1:1.2, the polysaccharide content is 5.7%, the adenosine content is 1.6mg/L, the ergosterol is 4.8mg/L, the ganoderic acid A is 2.6mg/L and the cordycepin is 1.2 mg/L.
Example three
In a method for regulating and controlling the balanced growth of edible and medicinal fungi in a mixed culture process, a medicinal and edible fungi mother strain is prepared by the following steps: firstly, respectively taking 100 mu L of inoculated PDA inclined planes from stored different edible and medicinal fungi such as shiitake mushrooms, tremella aurantialba and grifola frondosa working storehouses and glycerin pipes, culturing at 23 ℃ and about 55% of humidity for 7 days, and preparing inoculated seed bottles after mycelia are fully distributed on the inclined planes;
seed liquid culture: respectively preparing 50mL of seed culture solution by using triangular flasks with the size of 250mL, adding 2% maltodextrin, 3% soybean meal and 0.25% tartaric acid into a PDA culture medium, respectively inoculating 3 fungi according to the inoculation amount of a 5 square centimeter inclined plane, and then culturing for 72 hours at the temperature of 25 ℃ and the rpm of 220;
mixed fermentation culture: according to the inoculation amount of 6%, 6mL of seed liquid of different medicinal edible fungi is respectively inoculated into a fermentation bottle, the size of the fermentation bottle is 500mL, the liquid loading amount is 100mL, the components of a fermentation medium contain 2% of glucose, 2% of maltodextrin, 3% of corn starch, 1% of yeast extract powder, 3% of soybean meal, 0.25% of tartaric acid, 0.25% of dipotassium phosphate, 0.2% of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, the pH value is 6.5, the culture condition is 25 ℃, the rotating speed is 230rpm, the culture time is 168h, and the total illumination time is 100 h.
Analyzing and detecting: the total biomass, the single-species biomass ratio, the polysaccharide, the adenosine and the ergosterol were measured by a dry weight method, a spectrophotometric method, a dilution coating method and a high performance liquid chromatography, respectively, and the results showed that the total biomass was 71.3g/L, the single-species biomass ratio was 1:0.89:1.17, the polysaccharide content was 11.5%, the adenosine content was 0.7mg/L and the ergosterol was 3.5 mg/L.
Example four
In a method for regulating and controlling the balanced growth of edible and medicinal fungi in a mixed culture process, a medicinal and edible fungi mother strain is prepared by the following steps: firstly, respectively taking 100 mu L of stored ganoderma lucidum, cordyceps sinensis, armillaria mellea and grifola frondosa workplace glycerin tube for inoculation on a PDA inclined plane, culturing at 23 ℃ and about 55% of humidity for 7 days, and preparing an inoculation seed bottle after mycelia are fully distributed on the inclined plane;
seed liquid culture: respectively preparing 50mL of seed culture solution by using triangular flasks with the size of 250mL, adding 2% maltodextrin, 3% soybean meal and 0.15% oxalic acid into a PDA culture medium as culture medium components, respectively inoculating 4 kinds of fungi according to the inoculation amount of a slope with the square centimeter of 5, and then culturing for 72 hours at the temperature of 25 ℃ and the rpm of 220;
mixed fermentation culture: according to the inoculation amount of 6%, 6mL of seed liquid of different medicinal edible fungi is respectively inoculated into a fermentation bottle, the size of the fermentation bottle is 500mL, the liquid loading amount is 100mL, the components of a fermentation medium contain 2% of glucose, 3% of maltodextrin, 3.5% of corn starch, 2% of yeast extract powder, 3% of soybean meal, 0.5% of oxalic acid, 0.25% of dipotassium phosphate, 0.2% of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, pH6.5, the culture condition is 25 ℃, the rotating speed is 230rpm, the culture time is 168 hours, and the total illumination time is 72 hours.
Analyzing and detecting: respectively adopting a dry weight method, a spectrophotometry method, a dilution coating method and a high performance liquid chromatography to determine the total biomass, the biomass ratio of single species, polysaccharide, adenosine, ergosterol, ganoderic acid A and cordycepin, wherein the result shows that the total biomass is 75.5g/L, the biomass ratio of the single species is 1:1.08: 1.19: 0.98, 10.7mg/L of polysaccharide, 2.3mg/L of adenosine, 5.4mg/L of ergosterol, 1.7mg/L of ganoderic acid A and 0.9mg/L of cordycepin.
Example five
In a method for regulating and controlling the balanced growth of edible and medicinal fungi in a mixed culture process, a medicinal and edible fungi mother strain is prepared by the following steps: firstly, respectively taking 100 mu L of stored different edible and medicinal fungi such as shiitake mushroom, hericium erinaceus, tremella aurantialba and cordyceps sinensis from a glycerin pipe of a working warehouse to inoculate a PDA inclined plane, culturing at 23 ℃ and humidity of about 55 percent for 7 days, and preparing an inoculation seed bottle after mycelia are fully distributed on the inclined plane;
seed liquid culture: respectively preparing 50mL of seed culture solution by using triangular flasks with the size of 250mL, adding 2% maltodextrin, 3% soybean meal and 0.15% caffeic acid into a PDA culture medium as culture medium components, respectively inoculating 4 fungi according to the inoculation amount of a 5 square centimeter inclined plane, and then culturing for 72h at the temperature of 25 ℃ and the speed of 220 rpm;
mixed fermentation culture: according to the inoculation amount of 6%, 6mL of seed liquid of different medicinal edible fungi is respectively inoculated into a fermentation bottle, the size of the fermentation bottle is 500mL, the liquid loading amount is 100mL, the components of a fermentation medium contain 2% of glucose, 2% of maltodextrin, 3% of corn starch, 1% of yeast extract powder, 3% of soybean meal, 0.25% of citric acid, 0.25% of dipotassium phosphate, 0.2% of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, the pH value is 6.5, the culture condition is 25 ℃, the rotating speed is 230rpm, the culture time is 168h, and the total illumination time is 84 h.
Analyzing and detecting: the total biomass, the single-variety biomass ratio, the polysaccharide, the adenosine, the ergosterol and the cordycepin are respectively measured by a dry weight method, a spectrophotometry method, a dilution coating method and a high performance liquid chromatography, and the result shows that the total biomass is 83.4g/L, the single-variety biomass ratio is 1:0.95:0.82:1.1, the polysaccharide content is 11.5%, the adenosine content is 1.9mg/L, the ergosterol content is 5.8mg/L and the cordycepin content is 1.3 mg/L.
Example six
In a method for regulating and controlling the balanced growth of edible and medicinal fungi in a mixed culture process, a medicinal and edible fungi mother strain is prepared by the following steps: firstly, respectively taking 100 mu L of stored different edible and medicinal fungi such as shiitake mushroom, hericium erinaceus, tremella aurantialba and cordyceps sinensis from a glycerin pipe of a working warehouse to inoculate a PDA inclined plane, culturing at 23 ℃ and humidity of about 55 percent for 7 days, and preparing an inoculation seed bottle after mycelia are fully distributed on the inclined plane;
seed liquid culture: respectively preparing 50mL of seed culture solution by using triangular flasks with the size of 250mL, adding 2% maltodextrin, 3% soybean meal and 0.12% oxalic acid into a PDA culture medium as culture medium components, respectively inoculating 4 kinds of fungi according to the inoculation amount of a slope with the square centimeter of 5, and then culturing for 72 hours at the temperature of 25 ℃ and the rpm of 220;
mixed fermentation culture: according to the inoculation amount of 6%, 6mL of seed liquid of different medicinal edible fungi is respectively inoculated into a fermentation bottle, the size of the fermentation bottle is 500mL, the liquid loading amount is 100mL, the components of a fermentation medium contain 2% of glucose, 2.5% of maltodextrin, 3% of corn starch, 2% of yeast extract powder, 3.5% of soybean meal, 0.35% of citric acid, 0.25% of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.2% of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, the pH value is 6.5, the culture condition is 25 ℃, the rotating speed is 230rpm, the culture time is 168h, and the total illumination time is 72 h.
Analyzing and detecting: the total biomass, the single-variety biomass ratio, the polysaccharide, the adenosine, the ergosterol and the cordycepin are respectively measured by a dry weight method, a spectrophotometry method, a dilution coating method and a high performance liquid chromatography, and the result shows that the total biomass is 80.4g/L, the single-variety biomass ratio is 1:1.05:1.08:1.15, the polysaccharide content is 9.5%, the adenosine content is 2.4mg/L, the ergosterol content is 7.8mg/L and the cordycepin content is 1.5 mg/L.
Comparative example 1
Preparation of medicinal and edible fungus mother seeds: firstly, respectively taking 100 mu L of stored ganoderma lucidum, cordyceps sinensis, armillaria mellea and grifola frondosa workplace glycerin tube for inoculation on a PDA inclined plane, culturing at 23 ℃ and about 55% of humidity for 7 days, and preparing an inoculation seed bottle after mycelia are fully distributed on the inclined plane;
seed liquid culture: respectively preparing 50mL of seed culture solution by using triangular flasks with the size of 250mL, adding 2% maltodextrin and 3% soybean meal into a PDA culture medium as culture medium components, respectively inoculating 4 fungi according to the inoculation amount of a 5 square centimeter inclined plane, and then culturing for 72h under the conditions of 25 ℃ and 220 rpm;
mixed fermentation culture: according to the inoculation amount of 6%, 6mL of the seed liquid of different medicinal edible fungi is respectively inoculated into a fermentation bottle, the size of the fermentation bottle is 500mL, the liquid loading amount is 100mL, the components of the fermentation medium contain 2% of glucose, 2% of maltodextrin, 1% of yeast extract powder, 3% of soybean meal, 0.25% of dipotassium phosphate, 0.2% of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, the pH value is 6.5, the culture condition is 25 ℃, the rotating speed is 230rpm, and the culture time is 168 h.
Analyzing and detecting: respectively adopting a dry weight method, a spectrophotometry method, a dilution coating method and a high performance liquid chromatography to determine the total biomass, the biomass ratio of single species, polysaccharide, adenosine, ergosterol, ganoderic acid A and cordycepin, and the result shows that the total biomass is 38.9g/L, the biomass ratio of the single species is 1: 2.5: 3.21: 3.5, the polysaccharide content is 4.3 percent, the adenosine content is 1.5mg/g, the ergosterol content is 3.9mg/g, the ganoderic acid A content is 0.5mg/L, and the cordycepin content is 0.7 mg/L.
Comparative example 2
Preparation of medicinal and edible fungus mother seeds: firstly, respectively taking 100 mu L of stored ganoderma lucidum, cordyceps sinensis, armillaria mellea and grifola frondosa workplace glycerin tube for inoculation on a PDA inclined plane, culturing at 23 ℃ and about 55% of humidity for 7 days, and preparing an inoculation seed bottle after mycelia are fully distributed on the inclined plane;
seed liquid culture: respectively preparing 50mL of seed culture solution by using triangular flasks with the size of 250mL, wherein the components of the culture medium are PDA culture medium, respectively inoculating 4 kinds of fungi on an inclined plane with the inoculation amount of 5 square centimeters, and then culturing for 72 hours at the temperature of 25 ℃ and the speed of 220 rpm;
mixed fermentation culture: according to the inoculation amount of 6%, 6mL of the seed liquid of different medicinal edible fungi is respectively inoculated into a fermentation bottle, the size of the fermentation bottle is 500mL, the liquid loading amount is 100mL, the components of the fermentation medium contain 2% of glucose, 5% of potato extract, 1% of yeast extract powder, 2% of peptone, 0.25% of dipotassium phosphate, 0.2% of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, pH is 6.5, the culture condition is 25 ℃, the rotating speed is 230rpm, and the culture time is 168 h.
Analyzing and detecting: respectively adopting a dry weight method, a spectrophotometry method, a dilution coating method and a high performance liquid chromatography to determine the total biomass, the biomass ratio of single species, polysaccharide, adenosine, ergosterol, ganoderic acid A and cordycepin, and the result shows that the total biomass is 32.9g/L, the biomass ratio of the single species is 1: 2.3: 2.15: 1.84, the polysaccharide content is 3.9 percent, the adenosine content is 1.6mg/g, the ergosterol content is 3.5mg/g, the ganoderic acid A content is 0.4mg/L, and the cordycepin content is 0.8 mg/L.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for regulating and controlling balanced growth in a mixed culture process of edible and medicinal fungi comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, preparing different edible and medicinal fungus mother strain slopes, wherein the culture temperature is 21-25 ℃, and the relative humidity is 50-70%;
(2) after the mycelia on the inclined surface are mature, respectively inoculating improved PDA liquid culture media added with organic carboxylic acid, wherein the culture temperature is 23-25 ℃, the rotation speed is 200-250 rpm, and the culture time is 48-96 h;
(3) inoculating different medicinal and edible fungus seed solutions into a fermentation culture medium added with organic carboxylic acid according to the same inoculation amount of 5-10%, wherein the culture temperature is 23-25 ℃, the rotation speed is 200-250 rpm, the culture time is 120-168 h, and light-dark rhythm culture or dark culture or illumination culture is carried out in the fermentation process;
(4) and after fermentation, respectively measuring the total biomass in different culture modes, and measuring the biomass of different strains and the total content of bioactive substances, namely nucleoside, terpenoid and sterol by a dilution coating method.
2. The method for regulating and controlling the balanced growth in the mixed culture process of the fungi used as both medicine and food according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the medical fungi used in the step (1) comprise any two or more of lucid ganoderma, cordyceps sinensis, tremella aurantialba, armillaria mellea, hericium erinaceus, shiitake mushroom and grifola frondosa which are mixed and fermented.
3. The method for regulating and controlling the balanced growth in the mixed culture process of the fungi used as both medicine and food according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the organic carboxylic acid added to the PDA culture medium in the step (2) comprises one or more organic carboxylic acid mixtures of citric acid, ascorbic acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, benzoic acid, caffeic acid, catechin, succinic acid, ursolic acid and pyruvic acid.
4. The method for regulating and controlling the balanced growth in the mixed culture process of the fungi used as both medicine and food according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the content of the organic carboxylic acid added into the PDA culture medium in the step (2) is 0.05-0.6%.
5. The method for regulating and controlling the balanced growth in the mixed culture process of the fungi used as both medicine and food according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (3) adding a slow-acting nitrogen source into the improved PDA culture medium in the step (2), and controlling the carbon-nitrogen ratio to be 1: 1-3: 1.
6. The method for regulating and controlling the balanced growth in the mixed culture process of the fungi used as both medicine and food according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the slow carbon source in the fermentation medium in the step (3) can be one or more of maltodextrin, corn starch, potato extract and potato starch; the slow-acting nitrogen source can be one or more of soybean powder, fish peptone powder, peanut cake powder and cottonseed cake powder, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is controlled to be 1: 1-4: 1.
7. The method for regulating and controlling the balanced growth in the mixed culture process of the fungi used as both medicine and food according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the ratio of light to dark time in the mixed fermentation process in the step (3) is 3: 1-1: 2.
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