CN113213275A - Method for operating a workstation of a textile machine for producing bobbins - Google Patents
Method for operating a workstation of a textile machine for producing bobbins Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113213275A CN113213275A CN202110073336.0A CN202110073336A CN113213275A CN 113213275 A CN113213275 A CN 113213275A CN 202110073336 A CN202110073336 A CN 202110073336A CN 113213275 A CN113213275 A CN 113213275A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- yarn
- workstation
- automatic
- winding
- textile machine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H67/00—Replacing or removing cores, receptacles, or completed packages at paying-out, winding, or depositing stations
- B65H67/08—Automatic end-finding and material-interconnecting arrangements
- B65H67/081—Automatic end-finding and material-interconnecting arrangements acting after interruption of the winding process, e.g. yarn breakage, yarn cut or package replacement
- B65H67/085—Automatic end-finding and material-interconnecting arrangements acting after interruption of the winding process, e.g. yarn breakage, yarn cut or package replacement end-finding at the take-up package, e.g. by suction and reverse package rotation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2701/00—Handled material; Storage means
- B65H2701/30—Handled filamentary material
- B65H2701/31—Textiles threads or artificial strands of filaments
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Spinning Or Twisting Of Yarns (AREA)
- Replacing, Conveying, And Pick-Finding For Filamentary Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for operating a workstation (1) of a textile machine for producing a winding tube (8), wherein, when a yarn break occurs at the workstation (1), at least one automatic yarn search process is first carried out with the aim of picking up a yarn end which has been wound onto the winding tube (8), and wherein a manually assisted yarn search process is carried out when a predetermined maximum number of automatic yarn search processes fails. The method is characterized in that during the manually assisted thread finding process, the winding drum (8) is rotated against its winding direction by means of a winding roller drive (11). The invention also relates to a textile machine for producing a package (8), characterized in that a control device (16) is designed to operate at least one station according to the method of the invention.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for operating a workstation of a textile machine for producing a winding tube, in particular a rotor or air-jet spinning machine, wherein, when a yarn break occurs at the workstation, at least one automatic yarn search process is first carried out with the aim of picking up the yarn end wound onto the winding tube, and wherein a manually assisted yarn search process is carried out when a predetermined maximum number of automatic yarn search processes fails.
Background
Modern textile machines which produce bobbins, such as spinning or winding machines, generally have a large number of individual stations at which the yarn is produced or is wound up onto a bobbin. For various reasons, yarn breaks at the stations, i.e. tearing of the wound yarn, may occur. The sensors at the stations can automatically detect yarn breaks, which are often caught on the winding reel. For the work station to continue, the thread end must be found and then reconnected to the yarn on the main bobbin or fed back into the spinning apparatus.
For this type of situation, known textile machines have means for automatically finding the end of the yarn that has been wound onto the winding reel. Such means may for example be present in each station. It is also possible to build, for example, mobile service devices, for example, service robots, each assigned to the machine side, for automatically locating the thread ends on the winding reel. Even with multiple attempts, automatic yarn end finding may still fail. In this case, the operator is necessarily required to perform manual intervention. As is known, the operator may have to lift the winding reel, manually rotate it in the opposite direction to the winding direction and manually find the end of the thread. This can be quite cumbersome, especially in textile machines with a large number of stations, with frequent intervention by the operator, especially since the winding reel is often elevated on the respective textile machine.
Disclosure of Invention
The aim of the invention is to allow the operator to find more easily the end of the yarn that has been wound onto the winding reel.
The method involves operating a workstation of a textile machine that produces a winding drum, and when a yarn break occurs at the workstation, at least one automatic yarn finding process is first performed, with the aim of picking up the yarn end that has been wound onto the winding drum. When the predetermined maximum number of automatic yarn seek processes fails, a manually assisted yarn seek process is performed. According to the invention, during the manually assisted thread finding process, the winding drum is rotated against its winding direction by means of the winding roller drive.
The main advantage of the method is that, firstly, the operator does not have to move the winding reel by muscle exertion during the manually assisted yarn finding process. This will significantly reduce the burden on the operator. Moreover, the operator can concentrate on the actual task of finding the end of the yarn that has been wound onto the winding reel. The method is particularly suitable for stations whose winding drum is driven by a separate motor, for example by a winding roller drive designed as an electric motor on the respective winding roller.
During the manually assisted thread finding process, the winding reel can be activated by the operator to rotate against its winding direction, for example by making an input at an input terminal. It is envisaged that the operator may adjust the speed of rotation of the winder.
The predetermined maximum number of automatic yarn look-up procedures is preferably stored in the workstation or in a controller of the textile machine. The maximum number may be constant, but may also depend, for example, on the availability of the operator or on the number of current yarn breaks on the textile machine. The predetermined maximum number of times may be, for example, in the range of 1 to 10.
Additionally, the maximum number of times may depend on the type of yarn currently being manufactured or rewound and may be stored, for example, in an article management system.
It is conceivable that, during the manually assisted thread finding process, additionally the light source is activated in the region of the winding reel or can be activated by the operator. This allows the operator to more easily optically locate the end of the yarn.
Advantageously, at least one automatic yarn search process is carried out by a service device of the workstation and/or of the textile machine. As mentioned above, the workstation may for example have a yarn finding device for finding the yarn. The thread finding device may in turn comprise, for example, a suction nozzle and/or a gripper or a hook. If the automatic yarn locating process is carried out by the yarn locating device of the workstation itself, the workstation is substantially unaffected by yarn breaks at other workstations of the textile machine. In the case of yarn search by a superordinate service device (for example a service robot which is patrolled along the textile machine), the workstations of the textile machine can be constructed more simply or economically.
It is conceivable that at least one automatic yarn search process is first carried out by the workstation itself, and that a superordinate service device is required in the event of a failure.
It is also advantageous that the workstation is shut down and an optical and/or acoustic signal is emitted when a predetermined maximum number of automatic yarn look-up procedures fail. The operator is signaled that manual intervention is required at the workstation. When the operator arrives at the workstation and makes an input, for example, at the workstation, a manually assisted yarn locating process is initiated. For example, the input may be done at an input terminal. It is also contemplated that the operator actuates the switch at the station. It is also possible to register the manual rotation of the winding reel by the operator, after which the automatic rotation is triggered.
For example, a light signal may be emitted by a signal light associated with a workstation, or a light signal may be displayed on a display associated with the workstation. Alternatively or additionally, an indication of a stoppage station can be displayed on a central indicator of the textile machine. The acoustic signal may be emitted, for example, by a speaker associated with the workstation.
It is conceivable that the light signal and/or the sound signal is emitted continuously until the operator confirms, for example in the form of an input. In this regard, continuous refers to continuous or intermittent transmission of signals. For example, the signal lights may blink. Preferably, the optical signal and/or the acoustic signal is deactivated at the latest at the beginning of the manually assisted yarn finding process.
After the station is shut down, possibly during a manually assisted yarn finding process, an automatic maintenance process can be performed in the areas of the station not involving the winding reel. This enables the efficient use of the mandatory downtime of the workstation. For example, if the station is a spinning station of a rotor spinning machine, an automatic rotor cleaning of the spinning rotor can be performed.
It is also advantageous that the suction nozzle is activated in the region of the winding drum during the manually assisted thread finding process. On the one hand, the operator can use the suction nozzle to find the end of the thread. For this purpose, the suction nozzle can be constructed, for example, to be movable. On the other hand, after finding the end, the operator can feed the end to the suction mouth. The suction nozzle is, for example, a component of a thread-finding device at the work station, and can in particular automatically process the thread again. The suction nozzle is preferably activated by an operator input. The rotation of the winding reel counter to its direction of rotation and the suction nozzle can be activated jointly, for example, by an input.
It is also advantageous if the thread end on the winding reel is detected by a sensor in the suction mouth. The station can autonomously identify that the yarn end has been successfully found. The operator may not have to communicate with additional input that the yarn look-up has been successful. So that the operator can concentrate on other tasks as soon as possible. The sensor may detect the yarn end, for example electromagnetically or optically. It is also conceivable to detect the thread ends mechanically. In the event of a yarn end detection, the station can, for example, be returned to normal operation.
It is also conceivable to activate the suction nozzle only when the sensor detects a thread end. This requires the operator to manually introduce the thread end into the suction mouth. However, as mentioned above, the further processing of the yarn ends can also be done automatically in this case.
It is particularly advantageous to end the manually assisted yarn locating process by detecting a yarn end or a manual input by a sensor, so that the work station enters an automatic operating state. This can reduce or minimize the necessary dwell time of the operator in the workstation area, as described above. In automatic operation, for example, a predetermined length of yarn can be unwound from a winding reel. The yarn ends can be fed to a spinning apparatus, such as a spinning rotor or an air spinneret. The spinning or winding operation can then be automatically restarted or continued.
It is also advantageous if, after a failure of the automatic yarn search process, at least one extended automatic yarn search process is first carried out, wherein the extended automatic yarn search process is carried out by means of modified parameters and/or by means of a further service device in comparison with the automatic yarn search process. This makes it possible to avoid the intervention of an operator. The modified parameters may for example comprise the rotational speed of the winding reel and the suction power and/or position of the suction nozzle. Another service device can be, for example, a robot dedicated to finding the yarn, which is equipped in particular with a more powerful suction nozzle and/or a brushing head for brushing off the yarn head from the winding reel.
It is also possible to carry out an automatic yarn search process, for example by means of a yarn search device at a workstation, while an extended automatic yarn search process can be carried out by a superordinate service device. For example, the extended automatic yarn seek process may be performed only after a predetermined maximum number of automatic yarn seek process failures.
The advantage is in particular that, after the automatic yarn finding process has failed, the workstation is first shut down and the extended automatic yarn finding process is only carried out if the total number of the current automatic yarn finding processes at the textile machine falls below a limit value. This allows for binding of resources for the yarn search process that is extended at the station. For example, in textile machines with a central underpressure system, it is possible to concentrate the majority of the suction power to the workstations, thereby increasing the probability of a successful yarn end finding. The limit value may be, for example, 5, in particular 1. In particular, if the limit value is 1, the workstations can use almost all the resources of the textile machine for the extended automatic yarn finding process.
In general, the priority of yarn seeking on the textile machine can be set for different stations, for example, decreasing as the number of failed automatic yarn seeking processes at a particular station increases. In principle, the priority of the extended automatic yarn seek process can also be set lower than the priority of the automatic yarn seek process. Preferably, the yarn look-up process is performed first at the high priority stations and only later at the low priority stations. This is particularly important if the yarn is to be looked up using a patrol service.
Advantageously, the suction power of the suction nozzle is increased during the extended automatic thread finding process. This will increase the probability of a successful finding of the end of a thread. On the one hand, as described above, the increase in suction power can be increased by reducing the number of parallel yarn-finding processes at the textile machine. In this way, the entire vacuum of the central vacuum system is concentrated in several or in particular only one work station. Alternatively or additionally, the suction power can also be increased by increasing the power of the vacuum system for a limited time. For this purpose, the power of one or more pumps may be increased, for example.
In spinning machines, especially after a manually assisted yarn finding process, the yarn end is fed back into the spinning device. In one aspect, this process can be automated. On the other hand, the feedback may also be performed manually by the operator as part of a manually assisted yarn finding process in the station area.
The invention also provides a textile machine for manufacturing the winding bobbin. The textile machine comprises a plurality of stations, wherein the stations each comprise a winding roller with a winding roller drive. The textile machine further comprises a controller. According to the invention, the controller is configured to operate at least one of the above-mentioned stations. As mentioned above, this allows the operator to very easily perform a manual or manually assisted yarn finding process.
The controller can be, for example, a central control system of the textile machine. The controller may be associated with a group of stations or a single station. The textile machine may in particular also comprise a plurality of controllers.
The textile machine may comprise a service device as described above, which is configured for performing an automatic yarn finding process. The station may also comprise yarn locating means for automatically locating the yarn. The work station may in particular comprise a suction nozzle. The textile machine can be designed as a spinning machine, in particular as a rotor spinning machine or as an air jet spinning machine.
The workstation of the textile machine may comprise display means, in particular a signal light and/or a display, which are adapted to emit a light signal. In addition, the textile machine can also comprise a central indicator mechanism, which is configured in particular to indicate the presence of a thread break at a station.
The textile machine may also include one or more speakers configured to emit an acoustic signal. For example, each station may have a speaker.
Drawings
Further advantages of the invention are described below in connection with the examples.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic side view of a workstation 1 of a textile machine according to the invention.
Detailed Description
In the specific embodiment shown in fig. 1, the station 1 is configured as a spinning station of a rotor spinning machine. In this type of station 1, the fibers are compressed into a yarn 3, typically by rotation of a spinning rotor 2. The fibres are first fed to the station 1 in the form of a fibre band 4. The fiber tape 4 is stored in a storage container 5.
The fiber web 4 is opened into fiber groups by at least one opening roller 6, which opening roller 6 is usually provided with teeth on its surface. These fibre groups are then fed to the spinning rotor 2. The spun yarn 3 is drawn out by the take-off roller pair 7, and the yarn 3 is wound around the winding bobbin 8. The thread 3 can be guided past a thread sensor 9, which thread sensor 9 monitors, for example, the quality of the thread 3 and, if necessary, registers a tear or thread break in the thread 3.
The station 1 comprises in particular a winding roller 10 for driving the winding reel 8 by means of a winding roller drive 11. The arrow on the winding bobbin 8 indicates the winding direction of the winding bobbin 8. In normal operation, in particular during the spinning process, the winding reel 8 rotates in the direction indicated by the arrow. The take-up roller drive 11 is in particular independent of the other stations 1 of the textile machine, so that the rotation of the winding reel 8 can be controlled individually.
If a yarn break occurs at the station 1, the end of the yarn 3, which typically gets caught on the winding reel 8, must be found and preferably guided to the spinning rotor 2 before the spinning process can be continued. For finding the thread end, the station 1 has, for example, a thread finding device 12, which comprises, in particular, a suction nozzle 13. In particular, with the yarn finding device 12, at least one automatic yarn finding process can be carried out first. At this time, for example, suction of the yarn end by the suction nozzle 13 is attempted. If no yarn end is found, the process can be repeated until the automatic yarn finding process reaches a predetermined maximum number of times.
Following an unsuccessful automatic yarn finding process, an extended automatic yarn finding process can optionally be carried out by means of modified parameters, in particular by increasing the suction power of the suction nozzle 13. The extended automatic thread lookup process may be deprioritized.
After a predetermined maximum number of unsuccessful automatic yarn seek procedures and possibly one or more extended automatic yarn seek procedures, the operator necessarily performs at least a partial manual intervention. In order to communicate this necessity to the operator, the workstation 1 can have, for example, a display device 14, in the present case the display device 14 being in the form of a signal light. The signal lights may be continuously illuminated or flashed, for example, according to operator demand.
In order to find the thread end, the operator performs a manually assisted thread finding process, during which the winding drum 8 is rotated by means of the winding roller drive 11 counter to the winding direction indicated by the arrow. For this purpose, the operator can perform the feed, for example, at the feed terminal 15, so that the winding roller drive 11 correspondingly rotates the winding reel 8. The rotational speed of this rotation can, for example, in turn be regulated by an input. The suction mouth 13 can also be activated during a manually assisted thread finding process.
In order to coordinate the automatic yarn search process, which may be an extended automatic yarn search process and a manually assisted yarn search process, the station 1 has, for example, a controller 16, which controller 16 is configured to control the elements of the station 1 accordingly. The controller 16 is connected in particular to the winding roller drive 11, the display mechanism 14, the input terminal 15 and the yarn finding device 12.
The invention is not limited to the embodiments shown in the drawings and described herein. Certain modifications may be made within the scope of the invention.
List of reference numerals
1 station
2 spinning rotor
3 yarn
4 fiber band
5 storage container
6 fiber opening roller
7 pulling roller pair
8 winding bobbin
9 yarn sensor
10 winding roller
11 winding roller driver
12 yarn searching device
13 suction nozzle
14 display mechanism
15 input terminal
16 controller
Claims (10)
1. A method for operating a workstation (1) of a textile machine for producing a package (8),
wherein, when a yarn break occurs at said station (1), at least one automatic yarn finding process is first performed, the purpose of which is to pick up the yarn end already wound onto said winding drum (8), and
wherein a manually assisted yarn look-up procedure is performed when a predetermined maximum number of automatic yarn look-up procedures fails,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
during the manually assisted thread finding process, the winding drum (8) is rotated counter to its winding direction by means of a winding roller drive (11).
2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one automatic yarn finding process is performed by the workstation (1) and/or a service device of the textile machine.
3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the workstation (1) is shut down and an optical and/or acoustic signal is emitted when the predetermined maximum number of automatic yarn finding processes fails.
4. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that during the manually assisted yarn finding process a suction nozzle (13) is activated in the area of the winding reel (8).
5. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the thread end on the winding reel (8) is detected by a sensor in the suction mouth (13).
6. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that the manually assisted yarn finding process is ended by detecting a yarn end or a manual input by the sensor, thereby bringing the workstation (1) into an automatic operating state.
7. Method according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that after the automatic yarn search process has failed, at least one extended automatic yarn search process is first performed, wherein the extended automatic yarn search process is performed by means of modified parameters and/or by another service device compared to the automatic yarn search process.
8. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that after the automatic yarn seek process has failed, the workstation (1) is first shut down and the extended automatic yarn seek process is only performed if the total number of current automatic yarn seek processes at the textile machine is below a limit value.
9. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that during the extended automatic yarn finding process the suction power of the suction nozzle (13) is increased.
10. Textile machine for producing bobbins (8), comprising:
a plurality of stations (1), wherein the stations (1) each comprise a winding roller (10) having a winding roller drive (11); and
a controller (16) for controlling the operation of the motor,
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the controller (16) is configured for operating at least one workstation according to any one of the preceding claims.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020102793.1 | 2020-02-04 | ||
| DE102020102793.1A DE102020102793A1 (en) | 2020-02-04 | 2020-02-04 | Method for operating a workstation of a textile machine producing yarn bobbins |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113213275A true CN113213275A (en) | 2021-08-06 |
Family
ID=74494751
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110073336.0A Pending CN113213275A (en) | 2020-02-04 | 2021-01-20 | Method for operating a workstation of a textile machine for producing bobbins |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3862306B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN113213275A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102020102793A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4222377C2 (en) | 1992-07-08 | 2002-06-27 | Schlafhorst & Co W | Method and device for detecting a thread end arranged on a package |
| CZ66095A3 (en) | 1995-03-14 | 1996-07-17 | Rieter Elitex As | Method of positioning searching nozzle mouth against bobbin circumference and handling device for making the same |
| DE19917971B4 (en) | 1998-05-20 | 2009-11-19 | Rieter Ingolstadt Gmbh | Method and device for servicing a workstation of a textile machine by means of a movable maintenance device |
| DE102004041051B4 (en) | 2003-10-22 | 2017-02-09 | Rieter Ingolstadt Gmbh | Intelligent fault management |
| DE102006026548A1 (en) | 2006-06-08 | 2007-12-13 | Oerlikon Textile Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for operating a workstation of a creel-producing textile machine |
| DE102010029631B4 (en) * | 2009-06-04 | 2015-07-16 | SSM Schärer Schweiter Mettler AG | Rewinding machine for rewinding yarns |
| DE102015118987A1 (en) | 2015-11-05 | 2017-05-11 | Rieter Ingolstadt Gmbh | Method for operating a spinning machine with a fully automatic piecing device and spinning machine with a fully automatic piecing device |
| DE102016111841A1 (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2017-12-28 | Rieter Ingolstadt Gmbh | Method for operating a workstation of a textile machine |
| DE102016112641A1 (en) | 2016-07-11 | 2018-01-11 | Rieter Ingolstadt Gmbh | Winding unit with a movable cover unit |
| JP2019123590A (en) * | 2018-01-16 | 2019-07-25 | 村田機械株式会社 | Yarn winding machine |
-
2020
- 2020-02-04 DE DE102020102793.1A patent/DE102020102793A1/en active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-01-20 CN CN202110073336.0A patent/CN113213275A/en active Pending
- 2021-02-01 EP EP21154474.7A patent/EP3862306B1/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102020102793A1 (en) | 2021-08-05 |
| EP3862306A1 (en) | 2021-08-11 |
| EP3862306B1 (en) | 2024-04-03 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US8931249B2 (en) | Spinning machine and method for interrupting yarn production on a spinning machine | |
| US8919091B2 (en) | Spinning machine and method for interrupting yarn production on a spinning machine | |
| US10414623B2 (en) | Method for operating a textile machine with work stations having their own handling elements for piecing of a thread, and a textile machine with own work stations having their own handling elements | |
| CN111691029A (en) | Apparatus, system and method for repairing yarn breakage in ring spinning machine | |
| EP2966021A1 (en) | Yarn winding machine and yarn winding method | |
| WO2019142553A1 (en) | Yarn winding machine | |
| US10907278B2 (en) | Method for automatically piecing a thread at a workstation of a textile machine, and textile machine | |
| CN105253703A (en) | Yarn winding machine and yarn winding method | |
| ITMI940578A1 (en) | OPEN-END FILATOIO PRODUCING CROSSED COILS | |
| JP2895192B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for transferring a yarn to a winding section of a textile machine | |
| US4995229A (en) | Process and an arrangement for picking up a yarn end of a spool package during a piecing operation | |
| US6533211B2 (en) | Method of operating a textile machine for producing cheeses | |
| CN107541823B (en) | Method for operating a workstation of a textile machine | |
| EP2749517B1 (en) | Spinning machine | |
| JP2013184781A (en) | Yarn take-up apparatus | |
| CN111153284B (en) | Broken yarn picking device for ring spinning machine | |
| EP2985371B1 (en) | Spinning machine | |
| CN113213275A (en) | Method for operating a workstation of a textile machine for producing bobbins | |
| CN101481838A (en) | Method of operating a spinning station of a semiautomatic open end spinning frame and spinning station to implement the method | |
| CN111747233B (en) | Method for producing a piecing connection at a textile machine station and textile machine station | |
| JP2016137959A (en) | Yarn winder | |
| JP2022537321A (en) | Spinning machine and method of operating the spinning station of the spinning machine | |
| US5272862A (en) | Spinning machine with a yarn piecing mobile servicing carriage having a temporary yarn storage capacity | |
| EP3517663A1 (en) | Spinning machine | |
| US5772137A (en) | Yarn monitor for automatic cross winding and assembly machines |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |