CN113210817A - Method for surfacing high-hardness wear-resistant layer on blow-in drill bit - Google Patents
Method for surfacing high-hardness wear-resistant layer on blow-in drill bit Download PDFInfo
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- CN113210817A CN113210817A CN202110581790.7A CN202110581790A CN113210817A CN 113210817 A CN113210817 A CN 113210817A CN 202110581790 A CN202110581790 A CN 202110581790A CN 113210817 A CN113210817 A CN 113210817A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K10/00—Welding or cutting by means of a plasma
- B23K10/02—Plasma welding
- B23K10/027—Welding for purposes other than joining, e.g. build-up welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3046—Co as the principal constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/002—Drill-bits
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for overlaying a high-hardness wear-resistant layer on a blow-in drill bit, which comprises the steps of 1) selection of a bonding phase, 2) selection of a hard phase, 3) preparation before welding, 4) editing of a welding program, 5) setting of welding parameters and 6) execution of a welding process. The invention can effectively solve the problem that the hard alloy block is easy to fall off in the prior art at 800 ℃, and a wear-resistant layer formed by combining cobalt-based high-temperature alloy and tungsten carbide WC is additionally deposited on the surface of the drill bit drilling tooth by a double-way powder feeding and electric arc powder mixing mode, so that the wear resistance and the use efficiency of the drill bit are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of welding, in particular to a method for overlaying a high-hardness wear-resistant layer on a blow-in drill bit.
Background
At present, a blast furnace drill bit is used for molten iron discharged from a high-temperature furnace wall of a steel mill, the blast furnace drill bit is divided into a ball head inlaid circular tooth and a cross inlaid tooth drill bit, the cross type accounts for 95% in the market, the ball tooth type accounts for 5%, the inlaid tooth YG8 is mainly used, and the main components of YG8 are 92% of WC and 8% of cobalt. The blow-in drill bit in the prior art mainly has the following problems when in use:
1. YG8 hard alloy fails during manufacturing, and the connection modes of the cross type, the spherical tooth drill bit and the YGB are divided into two types:
one is by 506 welding rod and CO2Gas shielded welding, welding YG8 alloy to the drill bit, has the following disadvantages: because the welding temperature is too high, the alloy is decarburized and oxidized, and capillary cracks are formed, so that the alloy is cracked and chipped in the using process to fail. Another method of soldering the YG8 alloy to the drill bit with a brass solder paste, high frequency or medium frequency heating, has the following disadvantages: because the high-medium frequency heating time is short, the heating is not uniform, the temperature of the outer ring reaches the melting point of the welding flux, and the temperature of the inner ring does not reach yet, so that cold welding or slag inclusion is generated, the welding is not firm, the sheet is easy to fall off, meanwhile, in the heating process, no gas protection exists, the alloy is decarburized and oxidized to generate fine cracks, and the alloy fails early in use.
2. YG8 hard alloy fails when used in steel mill, and the embedded connection method utilizes interference fit of button alloy and hole to press the alloy into the hole, which has disadvantages when used in steel mill. If the product is used in normal temperature or low temperature industrial and mining, the alloy is not damaged, but is used for opening of a blast furnace, once the temperature reaches about 800 ℃, the hole on the drill bit is heated and expanded, so that the alloy falls off and fails. The wall thickness of the blast furnace in the steel plant is generally 2m-2.8m, and the temperature can reach 1200 ℃. The cutting tool hard alloy drill bit can only be drilled to the 800 ℃ position, the reason is that the melting point of the brass brazing material is only about 800 ℃ due to the high temperature, and when the drill bit is drilled to the temperature, the copper brazing material is melted to enable the YG8 to fall off.
In summary, at present, hard alloy teeth are basically used for high-temperature furnace walls, and different materials are connected by using a mechanical or brazing mode, so that the problems of poor hardness and poor wear resistance exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for overlaying a high-hardness wear-resistant layer on a blow-in drill bit, which can effectively solve the problem that a hard alloy block is easy to fall off in the prior art at 800 ℃, and the wear-resistant layer formed by combining cobalt-based high-temperature alloy and tungsten carbide WC is additionally overlaid on the surface of a drill bit drilling tooth through a two-way powder feeding and electric arc powder mixing mode, so that the wear resistance and the use efficiency of the drill bit are improved.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention discloses a method for overlaying a high-hardness wear-resistant layer on a blow-in drill bit, which comprises the following steps:
1) selection of the binder phase: the high-temperature cobalt-based high-temperature-resistant bonding phase is adopted and comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c (2.6-3.0), Cr (30-33), Si (1.0-2), W (14-17), Fe (less than 3), Mo (3-5), Ni (3.5-4.0), Mn (0.7-1.2), Co (the rest), alloy hardness greater than 55HRC, and also has a wear-resisting effect under a high-temperature environment of 800 ℃;
2) selection of hard phase: WC with the hardness of 1800HRC is used as a hard phase for abrasive grain abrasion, and the hard phase comprises the following components in percentage by mass: w (95-96), LC (3.8-4.1); the mass ratio of the hard phase to the binder phase is 1: 1;
3) preparation before welding: installing a drill bit on a double-shaft cooperative positioner; screening the powder of the bonding phase and the hard phase by adopting a screen mesh of 80-150 meshes; the screened bonding phase and the hard phase are respectively put into different powder feeding barrels of a powder feeder, and the bonding phase and the hard phase are conveyed to a plasma nozzle of a welding gun through different anti-static powder feeding pipelines;
installing a plasma nozzle and a tungsten needle, wherein the plasma nozzle adopts a central gas aperture of 2.5mm, one side of the plasma nozzle is provided with 3 powder discharging pipes for spraying out a bonding phase, and the included angle between the 3 powder discharging pipes and the horizontal plane is 45 degrees; 2 powder discharge pipes are arranged on the other side of the plasma nozzle and used for spraying out hard phases, and the included angle between the 2 powder discharge pipes and the horizontal plane is 66 degrees;
4) editing a welding program: debugging a plasma nozzle of a welding gun to a position 15-19 mm away from the surface of a position to be welded on the top of a drilling tooth of a drill bit, arranging an arc starting point and an arc ending point, wherein the arc starting point is positioned at the center of the drill bit, the arc ending point is positioned at the excircle of the drill bit, and performing surfacing welding from inside to outside in sequence; the drill bit is subjected to build-up welding in 4 drill teeth sections, and a first weld bead, a second weld bead and a third weld bead are sequentially built-up welded on the top of a metal base platform of each drill tooth;
5) setting welding parameters: setting powder feeding parameters, welding current and time parameters, walking parameters and air feeding parameters; in the powder feeding parameters, the powder feeding amount of the bonding phase is 5g/min, the air flow is 2.5L/min, the powder feeding amount of the hard phase is 5g/min, and the air flow is 3.5L/min; in the welding current parameters, the arc starting plasma current 50A, the arc starting current 30A, the arc starting plasma current maintaining time 0.01s, the arc starting current maintaining time 1.5s, the arc starting current to welding current time 2s, the welding current 80A, the welding current to arc receiving current time 5s, the arc receiving current 5A, the arc receiving current maintaining time 1s, the plasma arc receiving current 10A and the plasma arc receiving current maintaining time 1 s; 2L/min of arc striking plasma gas, 1L/min of maintenance plasma gas, 0.7L/min of welding plasma gas, 0.3L/min of arc receiving plasma gas, 5s of advanced gas feeding time of arc striking protection gas and 5s of delayed gas feeding time of arc receiving protection gas in gas feeding parameters; among the walking parameters, the welding speed is 90mm/min, the swing width is 0.3mm, and the swing frequency is 0.5 hz;
6) the welding process is carried out: adjusting the flow of protective gas to 10L/min, adjusting the flow of plasma gas to 3bar, adjusting the flow of powder conveying gas to 3bar, performing surfacing welding by using a robot demonstrator, conveying bonding phase powder to the center of a welding arc by using 3 bonding phase powder pipes of a plasma nozzle to be melted to form a welding seam liquid molten pool, conveying the hard phase powder to the surface of liquid metal by using 2 hard phase powder pipes of the plasma nozzle when the robot moves to the front end, and solidifying 0.3s after the hard phase powder pipes are scattered to the surface of the welding seam liquid molten pool to form a new material, namely cobalt-based tungsten carbide; the cobalt-based tungsten carbide comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c (3.2-3.6), Cr (25-28), Si (0.8-1.8), W (14-17), Fe (6-7), Mo (3-5), Ni (3.5-4.0), Mn (less than or equal to 0.8), WC (49-51) and Co (the rest); the alloy hardness is more than 55HRC, and the wear-resistant alloy also has a wear-resistant effect in a high-temperature environment of 1000 ℃;
the first weld bead, the second weld bead and the third weld bead are sequentially welded on the top of the metal base platform of each drill tooth to form a wear-resistant layer; the first welding bead and the second welding bead are arranged side by side left and right and cover the top of the metal base; a third welding bead is arranged above the first welding bead and the second welding bead and covers the top center positions of the first welding bead and the second welding bead; the first welding bead, the second welding bead and the third welding bead are arranged in a step-shaped arc structure, and are respectively formed by sequentially overlapping a plurality of welding pool scales;
after the robot finishes the welding procedure, the welding is automatically stopped and the arc-closing procedure of the welding control system is executed to finish the arc-closing welding; closing the main arc and starting the maintenance state; the welding operation is completed.
The drill bit is of a hollow structure, 4 drill teeth are arranged at the top of the drill bit, and a top through hole is formed in the top of the drill bit; 4 drill teeth are arranged in a cross shape, slag discharge ports with concave structures are arranged among the drill teeth, each drill tooth comprises a metal base station, and a wear-resistant layer is arranged on the top of the metal base station; the slag discharging port is provided with or not provided with a side through hole; the side through hole is communicated with the top through hole.
The metal base of the drill bit is of a trapezoidal structure and is manufactured by machining, the width of the top of the metal base is 2-3 mm, and the included angle between the inclined plane and the bottom surface of the metal base is 50-70 degrees.
Wherein the first weld bead and the second weld bead cover 1/3-1/2 area on the top of the metal base, and the thickness of the first weld bead and the second weld bead is 1.4mm-1.6 mm; the thickness of the third weld bead is 1.4mm to 1.6 mm.
Wherein, the biaxial collaborative position changing machine in the step 3) adopts a 500KG external biaxial position changing machine; the robot in the step 6) adopts a FanucM10ID welding robot, a TT5000 power supply is adopted as a welding power supply, the rated current is 500A, and the rated voltage is 0-35V; the plasma power supply adopts TT2200 power supply, the rated current is 200A, and the rated power supply is 0-35V. .
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: the method can effectively solve the problem that the hard alloy block is easy to fall off in the prior art at 800 ℃, and provides a brand new idea and material replaceability, namely a method for overlaying a high-hardness wear-resistant layer on a blow-in drill bit. The method can directly transit the materials with high temperature resistance of 1000 ℃, and the connection mode is replaced by fusion welding from brazing and mechanical meshing, namely 2 materials are fused and connected to increase the bonding strength, and the materials cannot fall off due to the problem of melting point at high temperature and cannot fall off due to different thermal expansions. The method for double-path powder feeding and electric arc powder mixing has the advantages of lower cost and higher efficiency when manufacturing the blow-in drill bit. According to the drill bit manufactured by the method, the wear-resistant layer is arranged on the top of the metal base station of the drill tooth in a surfacing mode, so that the wear resistance and hardness of the drill tooth are improved; the wear-resistant layer comprises a first welding bead, a second welding bead and a third welding bead which are made of wear-resistant materials, the three welding beads are arranged in a step-shaped arc structure, the wear-resistant layer formed by combining cobalt-based high-temperature alloy and tungsten carbide WC is added on the surface of the drill tooth in a build-up welding mode, and the wear resistance and the service efficiency of the drill bit are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the construction of a drill bit of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a drill bit of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a wear layer of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a weld bead of the present invention;
in the figure, 1 is a drill, 2 is a drill tooth, 3 is a metal base, 4 is a wear-resistant layer, 5 is a slag discharge port, 6 is a side through hole, 7 is a top through hole, 8 is a first weld bead, 9 is a second weld bead, and 10 is a third weld bead.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
The invention discloses a method for overlaying a high-hardness wear-resistant layer on a blow-in drill bit, which comprises the following steps:
1) selection of the binder phase: the high-temperature cobalt-based high-temperature-resistant bonding phase is adopted and comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c (2.6-3.0), Cr (30-33), Si (1.0-2), W (14-17), Fe (less than 3), Mo (3-5), Ni (3.5-4.0), Mn (0.7-1.2), Co (the rest), alloy hardness greater than 55HRC, and also has wear-resisting effect under the high-temperature environment of 800 ℃.
2) Selection of hard phase: WC with the hardness of 1800HRC is used as a hard phase for abrasive grain abrasion, and the hard phase comprises the following components in percentage by mass: w (95-96), LC (3.8-4.1); the mass ratio of the hard phase to the binder phase is 1: 1.
3) Preparation before welding: installing the drill bit 1 on a double-shaft cooperative positioner; screening the powder of the bonding phase and the hard phase by adopting a screen mesh of 80-150 meshes; the screened bonding phase and the hard phase are respectively put into different powder feeding barrels of a powder feeder, and the bonding phase and the hard phase are conveyed to a plasma nozzle of a welding gun through different anti-static powder feeding pipelines; the double-shaft cooperative positioner adopts a 500KG external double-shaft positioner.
Installing a plasma nozzle and a tungsten needle, wherein the plasma nozzle adopts a central gas aperture of 2.5mm, one side of the plasma nozzle is provided with 3 powder discharging pipes for spraying out a bonding phase, and the included angle between the 3 powder discharging pipes and the horizontal plane is 45 degrees; the other side of the plasma nozzle is provided with 2 powder discharging pipes for spraying hard phase, and the included angle between the 2 powder discharging pipes and the horizontal plane is 66 degrees.
4) Editing a welding program: debugging a plasma nozzle of a welding gun to the position 15-19 mm away from the surface of the to-be-welded position on the top of the drilling tooth 2 of the drill bit 1, arranging an arc starting point and an arc ending point, wherein the arc starting point is positioned at the center of the drill bit 1, the arc ending point is positioned at the excircle of the drill bit 1, and performing surfacing welding from inside to outside in sequence; the drill bit 1 carries out build-up welding by 4 drill teeth 2 in stages, and each drill tooth 2 sequentially carries out build-up welding of a first welding bead 8, a second welding bead 9 and a third welding bead 10 on the top of a metal base platform 3.
The drill bit 1 is of a hollow structure, 4 drill teeth 2 are arranged at the top of the drill bit 1, and a top through hole 7 is formed at the top of the drill bit 1; the 4 drill teeth 2 are arranged in a cross shape, slag outlets 5 with concave structures are arranged among the drill teeth 2, each drill tooth 2 comprises a metal base 3, and a wear-resistant layer 4 is arranged on the top of the metal base 3; the slag discharging port 5 is provided with or not provided with a side through hole 6; the side through-hole 6 communicates with the top through-hole 7.
The metal base 3 of the drill bit 1 is of a trapezoidal structure and is manufactured by machining, the width of the top of the metal base 3 is 2mm-3mm, and the included angle between the inclined plane and the bottom surface of the metal base 3 is 50-70 degrees.
The processing section of the metal base 3 is trapezoidal, the upper end of the trapezoid is processed into a flat shape during welding, and the width of the trapezoid is 2-3 mm; two trapezoidal hypotenuses are isosceles 120 forms in order to guarantee when multichannel build-up welding, and the wearing layer 4 that the build-up welding was gone out is the arc, and has enough wearing layer 4 to contact the work piece and bore and adopt the impact. In addition, in order to meet the requirement of automatic repeated precision welding, the relative position size error of four surfaces to be welded which are distributed in a cross shape and the drill bit 1 body is less than 0.5mm, and the precision of the specific size of the surfaces to be welded meets the requirement of +/-0.2 mm; and (3) polishing the drill bit, namely polishing and removing the oxide on the ball head part of the surface to be welded of the drill bit 1 by using a stainless steel wire brush and an electric angle grinder to ensure that the surface of the drill bit is smooth and free of the oxide and knife lines. Cleaning the drill bit, scrubbing 4 ball head parts of the to-be-welded surface of the drill bit 1 by using alcohol or acetone, and removing dirt such as cutting fluid, water and the like during surface machining. And (3) installing a drill bit, installing the body part of the drill bit 1 on a clamp at the upper end of the external double-shaft positioner, clamping the drill bit, and selecting a position as a datum plane to ensure the uniformity of subsequent installation positions.
5) Setting welding parameters: setting powder feeding parameters, welding current and time parameters, walking parameters and air feeding parameters; in the powder feeding parameters, the powder feeding amount of the bonding phase is 5g/min, the air flow is 2.5L/min, the powder feeding amount of the hard phase is 5g/min, and the air flow is 3.5L/min; in the welding current parameters, the arc starting plasma current 50A, the arc starting current 30A, the arc starting plasma current maintaining time 0.01s, the arc starting current maintaining time 1.5s, the arc starting current to welding current time 2s, the welding current 80A, the welding current to arc receiving current time 5s, the arc receiving current 5A, the arc receiving current maintaining time 1s, the plasma arc receiving current 10A and the plasma arc receiving current maintaining time 1 s; 2L/min of arc striking plasma gas, 1L/min of maintenance plasma gas, 0.7L/min of welding plasma gas, 0.3L/min of arc receiving plasma gas, 5s of advanced gas feeding time of arc striking protection gas and 5s of delayed gas feeding time of arc receiving protection gas in gas feeding parameters; among the walking parameters, the welding speed is 90mm/min, the swing width is 0.3mm, and the swing frequency is 0.5 hz; arc starting parameters and arc stopping parameters are corresponding to the parameters; in order to prevent arc collapse and arc starting, the specification is smaller, in order to prevent insufficient height of an arc-closing welding seam, and the lag powder feeding time of a binding phase and a hard phase is 2s during arc closing.
6) The welding process is carried out: adjusting the flow of protective gas to 10L/min, adjusting the flow of plasma gas to 3bar, adjusting the flow of powder conveying gas to 3bar, performing surfacing welding by using a robot demonstrator, conveying bonding phase powder to the center of a welding arc by using 3 bonding phase powder pipes of a plasma nozzle to be melted to form a welding seam liquid molten pool, conveying the hard phase powder to the surface of liquid metal by using 2 hard phase powder pipes of the plasma nozzle when the robot moves to the front end, and solidifying 0.3s after the hard phase powder pipes are scattered to the surface of the welding seam liquid molten pool to form a new material, namely cobalt-based tungsten carbide; the cobalt-based tungsten carbide comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c (3.2-3.6), Cr (25-28), Si (0.8-1.8), W (14-17), Fe (6-7), Mo (3-5), Ni (3.5-4.0), Mn (less than or equal to 0.8), WC (49-51) and Co (the rest); the alloy hardness is more than 55HRC, and the wear-resistant alloy also has a wear-resistant effect in a high-temperature environment of 1000 ℃; the robot adopts a FanucM10ID welding robot, a TT5000 power supply is adopted as a welding power supply, the rated current is 500A, and the rated voltage is 0-35V; the plasma power supply adopts TT2200 power supply, the rated current is 200A, and the rated power supply is 0-35V.
The top of a metal base 3 of each drill tooth 2 is sequentially overlaid with a first weld bead 8, a second weld bead 9 and a third weld bead 10 to form a wear-resistant layer 4; the first welding bead 8 and the second welding bead 9 are arranged side by side left and right and cover the top of the metal base 3; a third weld bead 10 is arranged above the first weld bead 8 and the second weld bead 9, and the third weld bead 10 covers the top center positions of the first weld bead 8 and the second weld bead 9; the first weld bead 8, the second weld bead 9 and the third weld bead 10 are arranged in a step-shaped arc structure, and the first weld bead 8, the second weld bead 9 and the third weld bead 10 are respectively formed by sequentially overlapping a plurality of welding pool scales.
The first weld bead 8 and the second weld bead 9 cover 1/3-1/2 areas on the top of the metal base 3, and the thickness of the first weld bead 8 and the second weld bead 9 is 1.4mm-1.6 mm; the thickness of the third bead 10 is 1.4mm to 1.6 mm.
After the robot finishes the welding procedure, the welding is automatically stopped and the arc-closing procedure of the welding control system is executed to finish the arc-closing welding; closing the main arc and starting the maintenance state; the welding operation is completed.
By using the method for overlaying the high-hardness wear-resistant layer by the blow-on drill bit, the WC is uniformly distributed without segregation after welding and sample cutting inspection. After the test of customers in a steel plant, the drilling efficiency is improved by 1.5 times, 3-4 furnaces of molten steel can be continuously drilled, and the drilling tool can be continuously used after 3-4 furnaces of molten steel are drilled. The method of the invention carries out surfacing welding material increase on the blow-in drill bit, thus comprehensively improving the production quality and prolonging the service life of the product. And the automation degree is high, compared with manual flame brazing, the form efficiency of the robot is improved by more than 100%, and the quality is stable and high.
The drill bit 1 is provided with 4 drill teeth 2 which are arranged in a cross shape, and the top of a metal base table 3 of each drill tooth 2 is provided with a wear-resistant layer 4 in a surfacing mode, so that the wear resistance and hardness of each drill tooth 2 are improved, and the wear resistance and use efficiency of the drill bit 1 are further improved. Meanwhile, the wear-resistant layer 4 comprises a first welding bead 8, a second welding bead 9 and a third welding bead 10 which are made of wear-resistant materials, the three welding beads are arranged in a step-shaped arc structure, a wear-resistant layer formed by combining cobalt-based high-temperature alloy and tungsten carbide WC is added on the surface of the drill tooth 2 in a build-up welding mode, and the wear resistance and the service efficiency of the drill bit 1 are improved.
The method can effectively solve the problem that the hard alloy block is easy to fall off in the prior art at 800 ℃, and provides a brand new idea and material replaceability, namely a method for overlaying a high-hardness wear-resistant layer on a blow-in drill bit. The method can directly transit the materials with high temperature resistance of 1000 ℃, and the connection mode is replaced by fusion welding from brazing and mechanical meshing, namely 2 materials are fused and connected to increase the bonding strength, and the materials cannot fall off due to the problem of melting point at high temperature and cannot fall off due to different thermal expansions. The method for double-path powder feeding and electric arc powder mixing has the advantages of lower cost and higher efficiency when manufacturing the blow-in drill bit.
Claims (5)
1. A method for overlaying a high-hardness wear-resistant layer on a blow-in drill bit is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) selection of the binder phase: the high-temperature cobalt-based high-temperature-resistant bonding phase is adopted and comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c (2.6-3.0), Cr (30-33), Si (1.0-2), W (14-17), Fe (less than 3), Mo (3-5), Ni (3.5-4.0), Mn (0.7-1.2), Co (the rest), alloy hardness greater than 55HRC, and also has a wear-resisting effect under a high-temperature environment of 800 ℃;
2) selection of hard phase: WC with the hardness of 1800HRC is used as a hard phase for abrasive grain abrasion, and the hard phase comprises the following components in percentage by mass: w (95-96), LC (3.8-4.1); the mass ratio of the hard phase to the binder phase is 1: 1;
3) preparation before welding: installing a drill bit (1) on a biaxial cooperative positioner; screening the powder of the bonding phase and the hard phase by adopting a screen mesh of 80-150 meshes; the screened bonding phase and the hard phase are respectively put into different powder feeding barrels of a powder feeder, and the bonding phase and the hard phase are conveyed to a plasma nozzle of a welding gun through different anti-static powder feeding pipelines;
installing a plasma nozzle and a tungsten needle, wherein the plasma nozzle adopts a central gas aperture of 2.5mm, one side of the plasma nozzle is provided with 3 powder discharging pipes for spraying out a bonding phase, and the included angle between the 3 powder discharging pipes and the horizontal plane is 45 degrees; 2 powder discharge pipes are arranged on the other side of the plasma nozzle and used for spraying out hard phases, and the included angle between the 2 powder discharge pipes and the horizontal plane is 66 degrees;
4) editing a welding program: debugging a plasma nozzle of a welding gun to a position 15-19 mm away from the surface of a to-be-welded position on the top of a drilling tooth (2) of a drill bit (1), arranging an arc starting point and an arc ending point, wherein the arc starting point is positioned at the center of the drill bit (1), the arc ending point is positioned at the excircle of the drill bit (1), and performing surfacing welding from inside to outside in sequence; the bit (1) is subjected to build-up welding by 4 drill teeth (2) in stages, and a first weld bead (8), a second weld bead (9) and a third weld bead (10) are sequentially built-up welded on the top of a metal base (3) of each drill tooth (2);
5) setting welding parameters: setting powder feeding parameters, welding current and time parameters, walking parameters and air feeding parameters; in the powder feeding parameters, the powder feeding amount of the bonding phase is 5g/min, the air flow is 2.5L/min, the powder feeding amount of the hard phase is 5g/min, and the air flow is 3.5L/min; in the welding current parameters, the arc starting plasma current 50A, the arc starting current 30A, the arc starting plasma current maintaining time 0.01s, the arc starting current maintaining time 1.5s, the arc starting current to welding current time 2s, the welding current 80A, the welding current to arc receiving current time 5s, the arc receiving current 5A, the arc receiving current maintaining time 1s, the plasma arc receiving current 10A and the plasma arc receiving current maintaining time 1 s; 2L/min of arc striking plasma gas, 1L/min of maintenance plasma gas, 0.7L/min of welding plasma gas, 0.3L/min of arc receiving plasma gas, 5s of advanced gas feeding time of arc striking protection gas and 5s of delayed gas feeding time of arc receiving protection gas in gas feeding parameters; among the walking parameters, the welding speed is 90mm/min, the swing width is 0.3mm, and the swing frequency is 0.5 hz;
6) the welding process is carried out: adjusting the flow of protective gas to 10L/min, adjusting the flow of plasma gas to 3bar, adjusting the flow of powder conveying gas to 3bar, performing surfacing welding by using a robot demonstrator, conveying bonding phase powder to the center of a welding arc by using 3 bonding phase powder pipes of a plasma nozzle to be melted to form a welding seam liquid molten pool, conveying the hard phase powder to the surface of liquid metal by using 2 hard phase powder pipes of the plasma nozzle when the robot moves to the front end, and solidifying 0.3s after the hard phase powder pipes are scattered to the surface of the welding seam liquid molten pool to form a new material, namely cobalt-based tungsten carbide; the cobalt-based tungsten carbide comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c (3.2-3.6), Cr (25-28), Si (0.8-1.8), W (14-17), Fe (6-7), Mo (3-5), Ni (3.5-4.0), Mn (less than or equal to 0.8), WC (49-51) and Co (the rest); the alloy hardness is more than 55HRC, and the wear-resistant alloy also has a wear-resistant effect in a high-temperature environment of 1000 ℃;
the top of a metal base (3) of each drill tooth (2) is sequentially overlaid with a first weld bead (8), a second weld bead (9) and a third weld bead (10) to form a wear-resistant layer (4); the first welding bead (8) and the second welding bead (9) are arranged side by side left and right and cover the top of the metal base (3); a third weld bead (10) is arranged above the first weld bead (8) and the second weld bead (9), and the third weld bead (10) covers the top center positions of the first weld bead (8) and the second weld bead (9); the first welding bead (8), the second welding bead (9) and the third welding bead (10) are arranged in a step-shaped arc structure, and the first welding bead (8), the second welding bead (9) and the third welding bead (10) are respectively formed by sequentially overlapping a plurality of welding pool scales;
after the robot finishes the welding procedure, the welding is automatically stopped and the arc-closing procedure of the welding control system is executed to finish the arc-closing welding; closing the main arc and starting the maintenance state; the welding operation is completed.
2. The method for overlaying the high-hardness wear-resistant layer on the blow-on drill bit according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the drill bit (1) is of a hollow structure, 4 drill teeth (2) are arranged at the top of the drill bit (1), and a top through hole (7) is formed in the top of the drill bit (1); the 4 drilling teeth (2) are arranged in a cross shape, slag discharge ports (5) with concave structures are arranged among the drilling teeth (2), the drilling teeth (2) comprise metal base platforms (3), and the tops of the metal base platforms (3) are provided with wear-resistant layers (4); the slag discharging port (5) is provided with or not provided with a side through hole (6); the side through hole (6) is communicated with the top through hole (7).
3. The method for overlaying the high-hardness wear-resistant layer on the blow-on drill bit according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the metal base (3) of the drill bit (1) is of a trapezoidal structure and is manufactured by machining, the width of the top of the metal base (3) is 2-3 mm, and the included angle between the inclined plane and the bottom surface of the metal base (3) is 50-70 degrees.
4. The method for overlaying the high-hardness wear-resistant layer on the blow-on drill bit according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the first welding bead (8) and the second welding bead (9) cover 1/3-1/2 areas at the top of the metal base (3), and the thickness of the first welding bead (8) and the second welding bead (9) is 1.4mm-1.6 mm; the thickness of the third weld bead (10) is 1.4mm to 1.6 mm.
5. The method for overlaying the high-hardness wear-resistant layer on the blow-on drill bit according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the double-shaft cooperative positioner in the step 3) adopts a 500KG external double-shaft positioner; the robot in the step 6) adopts a FanucM10ID welding robot, a TT5000 power supply is adopted as a welding power supply, the rated current is 500A, and the rated voltage is 0-35V; the plasma power supply adopts TT2200 power supply, the rated current is 200A, and the rated power supply is 0-35V.
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