CN113207447A

CN113207447A - Cleaning mechanism for edible bean combine harvester and working method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN113207447A
Application number: CN202110520192.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 夏先飞; 杨光; 陈巧敏; 宋志禹; 梅松; 金月; 蒋清海; 赵映; 占才学; 张健飞; 韩余
Original assignee: Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture
Current assignee: Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture
Priority date: 2021-05-13
Filing date: 2021-05-13
Publication date: 2021-08-06
Anticipated expiration: 2041-05-13
Also published as: CN113207447B

Abstract

The invention discloses a cleaning mechanism for an edible bean combine harvester, which comprises a sieve plate, a conveying plate, a regulator and a vibrating mechanism, wherein the sieve plate is arranged on the conveying plate; the conveying plate is fixedly connected with the sieve plate, the sieve plate and the conveying plate are inclined, the conveying plate is arranged below the sieve plate, the regulator comprises a frame plate, a linear driver and a connecting shaft, the cross section of the frame plate is U-shaped, a first long groove in the vertical direction is formed in the frame plate, one end of the connecting shaft is connected with the sieve plate, and the other end of the connecting shaft is inserted into the first long groove; the linear driver is arranged on the frame plate and can drive the connecting shaft to reciprocate along the first long groove; the vibrating mechanism drives the sieve plate to vibrate. The cleaning mechanism drives the connecting shaft to move up and down by utilizing the linear driver in the regulator, so that the inclination angle of the sieve plate can be changed, the screening function and the waste material sliding capability of the sieve plate are obviously improved through the inclination angle change, and the cleaning mechanism can ensure that bean granules are screened cleanly and avoid waste material accumulation.

Description

Cleaning mechanism for edible bean combine harvester and working method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a cleaning mechanism for an edible bean combine harvester and a working method thereof.

Background

The combine harvester in the prior art mainly comprises a cutting mechanism, a threshing mechanism and a cleaning mechanism, wherein the cutting mechanism is used for harvesting edible soybean straws, the threshing mechanism peels soybean grains out of bean pods, and the cleaning mechanism is used for screening the soybean grains. The cleaning mechanism in the traditional combine harvester is a sieve plate which is horizontally arranged and can vibrate, and bean grains fall from the sieve plate and are collected by a packing auger; in order to eliminate auger parts (the auger easily damages the beans when the beans are conveyed), the applicant designs a combine harvester with a sieve plate obliquely arranged, the specific shape and arrangement of the sieve plate are shown in fig. 1, and the specific structure of the combine harvester is recorded in the previous patent application of the applicant, namely a large-grain edible bean combine harvester. Although this kind of combine of new money utilizes the sieve of slope to realize gathering together naturally of beans, the inclination of sieve has a great influence to the screening of beans, if sieve inclination is less, the waste material probably piles up on the sieve, if sieve inclination is great, then beans probably can not in time pass through the sieve mesh just along with the waste material together falls into row material mechanism, causes the waste.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the inclination angle of a sieve plate adopted by a cleaning mechanism in the edible bean combine harvester in the prior art has great influence on a screening structure, and the fixed inclination angle is difficult to control.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a cleaning mechanism for an edible bean combine harvester comprises a sieve plate, a conveying plate, a regulator and a vibration mechanism;

the conveying plate is fixedly connected with the sieve plate, the sieve plate and the conveying plate are inclined, the conveying plate is arranged below the sieve plate, and the conveying plate is used for receiving bean particles passing through the sieve pores; the lowest end of the sieve plate is connected with a discharging mechanism of the combine harvester, the discharging mechanism is used for discharging waste materials (such as bean hulls, stems, leaves and the like) after bean grains are screened, the lowest end of the conveying plate is connected with a lifting mechanism of the combine harvester, and the lifting mechanism is used for lifting the screened bean grains into a storage bin of the combine harvester;

the regulator comprises a frame plate, a linear driver and a connecting shaft, the cross section of the frame plate is U-shaped, a first long groove in the vertical direction is formed in the frame plate, and the frame plate is fixed on a main body frame of the combine harvester; one end of the connecting shaft is connected with the sieve plate, and the other end of the connecting shaft is inserted into the first long groove; the linear driver is arranged on the frame plate and can drive the connecting shaft to reciprocate along the first long groove; the vibrating mechanism drives the sieve plate to vibrate.

When the cleaning mechanism works, the connecting shaft can move up and down under the action of the linear driver, the connecting shaft is connected with one end of the sieve plate, and the up-and-down movement of the connecting shaft means that one end of the sieve plate can move up and down, so that the change of the inclination angle of the sieve plate is realized. Generally, the invention only needs to control the sieve plate to switch between a large inclination angle state and a small inclination angle state (respectively corresponding to the connecting shaft being at the highest position and the lowest position), when the sieve plate is in the small inclination angle state, the mixture of the bean and the pod shells is fully screened on the sieve plate, but the pod shells are easy to accumulate on the sieve plate; when the sieve plate is in a large inclination angle state, the gliding speed of the mixture of the bean pods on the sieve plate is accelerated; therefore, when the cleaning mechanism works practically, the screen plate is firstly screened for a period of time in a small inclination angle state, and after the waste materials on the screen plate are increased, the screen plate is switched to a large inclination angle state, so that the sliding of the waste materials is accelerated.

Because the combine harvester has a plurality of hydraulic components, the linear driver is set as a hydraulic cylinder, and the hydraulic cylinder can be directly matched with a hydraulic system in the traditional combine harvester.

Furthermore, be provided with first bearing between sieve and the connecting axle, the sieve has the relative rotation of repeated small angle between the connecting axle when the vibration, sets up first bearing and can reduce the friction between sieve and the connecting axle.

Because the sieve plate is in a vibration state in the whole working process, the connecting shaft connected with the sieve plate vibrates greatly as well, if the connecting shaft is directly connected with the telescopic rod of the hydraulic cylinder, the telescopic rod of the hydraulic cylinder vibrates for a long time, and the sealing structure between the telescopic rod and the cylinder barrel is damaged; in order to overcome the defect, the invention arranges two electromagnets and a connector in the regulator, wherein the two electromagnets are respectively positioned above and below the first long groove; the connector is arranged on a telescopic rod of the hydraulic cylinder, a second long groove in the vertical direction is formed in the surface of the connector, and the connecting shaft is inserted into the second long groove; the switch of the electromagnet is arranged on the frame plate and is positioned on the up-and-down motion path of the connector; the connector drives the connecting shaft to move up and down through the second long groove, and when the connecting shaft is located at the highest position or the lowest position, the connector triggers a switch of the electromagnet and adsorbs the connecting shaft by the electromagnet; then the telescopic link of pneumatic cylinder drives the connector further displacement for appear the clearance (connecting axle and connector are in the separation state) between second elongated slot and the connecting axle, avoid the telescopic link of pneumatic cylinder to vibrate for a long time.

Furthermore, be provided with square iron plate on the connecting axle, the iron plate aligns with the electro-magnet, and square iron plate is adsorbed by the electro-magnet more easily.

Furthermore, the vibration mechanism comprises a rotating shaft and eccentric wheels, and the eccentric wheels are arranged at two ends of the rotating shaft; round holes are formed in two sides of the sieve plate, and the eccentric wheel is located in the round holes; when the rotating shaft drives the eccentric wheel to rotate, the sieve plate vibrates up and down along with the eccentric wheel, and the conveying plate and the sieve plate vibrate synchronously.

Furthermore, the vibration mechanism also comprises a shaft sleeve and a connecting rod, the eccentric wheel is a second bearing, the shaft sleeve is fixed at two ends of the rotating shaft, and an inner ring of the second bearing is welded on the shaft sleeve through the connecting rod; the use of the second bearing as an eccentric reduces wear.

The invention also provides a working method of the cleaning mechanism, which comprises the following steps: during the work of the combine harvester, the hydraulic cylinder drives the connecting shaft to switch between the highest position and the lowest position, and the connecting shaft is respectively adsorbed and fixed by the two electromagnets when being positioned at the highest position and the lowest position; the ratio of the time of the connecting shaft at the highest position to the time of the connecting shaft at the lowest position is 1: 3; the applicant has tried to find that better cleaning results can be obtained by setting the small inclination angle state and the large inclination angle state of the screen plate to 30 seconds and 10 seconds, respectively.

Secondly, when the hydraulic cylinder drives the connecting shaft to reach the highest position, the telescopic rod of the hydraulic cylinder moves downwards for a set distance; when the hydraulic cylinder drives the connecting shaft to reach the lowest position, the hydraulic cylinder drives the telescopic rod to move upwards for a set distance; that is, after the connecting shaft is adsorbed by the electromagnet, the telescopic rod of the hydraulic cylinder drives the connector to continue to displace for a short distance, so that a gap (the connecting shaft and the connector are in a separated state) is formed between the second long groove and the connecting shaft.

Has the advantages that: (1) the cleaning mechanism drives the connecting shaft to move up and down by utilizing the linear driver in the regulator, so that the inclination angle of the sieve plate can be changed, the screening function and the waste material sliding capability of the sieve plate are obviously improved through the inclination angle change, and the cleaning mechanism can ensure that bean granules are screened cleanly and avoid waste material accumulation. (2) According to the cleaning mechanism, the electromagnet is arranged in the regulator, so that the connecting shaft is adsorbed and fixed by the electromagnet after moving to the highest position and the lowest position, the connecting shaft and the telescopic rod of the hydraulic cylinder are ensured to be in a separated state in most of time, and the sealing system of the hydraulic cylinder is prevented from being damaged due to long-term vibration of the telescopic rod. (3) According to the cleaning mechanism, the switch of the electromagnet is arranged on the motion path of the connector, so that the on-off of the electromagnet is synchronous with the up-and-down motion of the connector, and the two electromagnets can be perfectly matched with the up-and-down motion of the connecting shaft.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the installation of a cleaning mechanism in the prior art.

Fig. 2 is a front view of the cleaning mechanism of the embodiment 1.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken along line a-a of fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a front view of the regulator in embodiment 1.

Fig. 5 is a front view of the frame, the electromagnet and the connecting shaft in embodiment 1.

Fig. 6 is a front view of the frame in embodiment 1.

Fig. 7 is a front view of the vibration mechanism in embodiment 1.

Fig. 8 is a top view of fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is (a) an operation state diagram of the regulator in embodiment 1.

Fig. 10 is an operation state diagram of the regulator in embodiment 1 (second).

Fig. 11 is an operation state diagram (third) of the regulator in embodiment 1.

Fig. 12 is an operation state diagram (fourth thereof) of the regulator in embodiment 1.

Fig. 13 is a front view of the cleaning mechanism of the embodiment 1 in a state of small inclination angle.

Wherein: 100. a sieve plate; 110. a first bearing; 120. a circular hole; 200. a conveying plate; 300. a regulator; 310. a frame plate; 311. a first elongated slot; 320. a hydraulic cylinder; 330. a connecting shaft; 331. an iron block; 340. an electromagnet; 350. a switch; 360. a connector; 361. a second elongated slot; 400. a vibration mechanism; 410. a rotating shaft; 420. an eccentric wheel; 430. a shaft sleeve; 440. a connecting rod.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 2 to 8, the cleaning mechanism for an edible bean combine harvester of the present embodiment includes a sieve plate 100, a conveying plate 200, a conditioner 300, and a vibration mechanism 400;

the conveying plate 200 is fixedly connected with the sieve plate 100, the sieve plate 100 and the conveying plate 200 are both inclined, the conveying plate 200 is arranged below the sieve plate 100, and the conveying plate 200 is used for receiving bean granules passing through sieve holes;

as shown in fig. 3 to 6, the adjuster 300 includes a frame plate 310, a linear actuator, a connecting shaft 330, an electromagnet 340, a switch 350, and a connector 360, as shown in fig. 6, the frame plate 310 has a U-shaped cross section, and the frame plate 310 is provided with a first long groove 311 in a vertical direction;

as shown in fig. 3, one end of the connecting shaft 330 is connected to the sieve plate 100 and a first bearing 110 is disposed between the connecting shaft 330 and the sieve plate 100, and the other end is inserted into the first long slot 311;

the linear actuator is a hydraulic cylinder 320, the hydraulic cylinder 320 is installed on the frame plate 310, the connector 360 is installed on a telescopic rod of the hydraulic cylinder 320, a second long groove 361 in the vertical direction is formed in the surface of the connector 360, and the connecting shaft 330 is inserted into the second long groove 361; as shown in fig. 5, two electromagnets 340 are mounted on the frame plate 310, the two electromagnets 340 are respectively located above and below the first long groove 311, the switch 350 of the electromagnet 340 is mounted on the frame plate 310 and the switch 350 of the electromagnet 340 is located on the up-and-down movement path of the connector 360; the connector 360 drives the connecting shaft 330 to move up and down through the second long slot 361;

a square iron block 331 is arranged on the connecting shaft 330, and the iron block 331 is aligned with the electromagnet 340;

as shown in fig. 7 and 8, the vibration mechanism 400 includes a rotation shaft 410, an eccentric 420, a bushing 430, and a connecting rod 440, the eccentric 420 being installed at both ends of the rotation shaft 410, the present embodiment using a second bearing as the eccentric 420; the shaft sleeves 430 are fixed at two ends of the rotating shaft 410, the inner rings of the second bearings are welded on the shaft sleeves 430 through the connecting rods 440, the two sides of the sieve plate 100 are provided with round holes 120, and the second bearings are positioned in the round holes 120; when the eccentric 420 is driven by the shaft 410 to rotate, the screening deck 100 will oscillate up and down with the eccentric 420 and the conveyor deck 200 will oscillate in synchronism with the screening deck 100.

The cleaning mechanism of the present embodiment adds a conditioner 300 as compared with the conventional cleaning mechanism as shown in fig. 1, a frame plate 310 of the conditioner 300 is fixed to a main body structure of the combine harvester; sieve 100 is located threshing mechanism's under, and the lowest of sieve 100 links up the row material mechanism of combine, and row material mechanism is used for discharging the waste material (for example beans pod shell, stem, leaf etc.) after the beans screening, and the lowest of delivery board 200 links up the hoist mechanism of combine, and hoist mechanism is used for promoting the beans of screening out to combine's storage storehouse.

Compared with the cleaning mechanism in the prior art, the embodiment enables the inclination angle of the sieve plate 100 to be changed, and the specific method is as follows:

(1) initially, the position of the telescopic rod of the hydraulic cylinder 320 is as shown in fig. 4, and at this time, the connector 360 triggers the upper switch 350, and the connecting shaft 330 is attracted by the upper electromagnet 340; the entire screen deck 100 and the conveyor deck 200 are in a steep angle configuration as shown in fig. 2;

(2) as shown in fig. 9, when the hydraulic cylinder 320 drives the connector 360 downward, the connector 360 is separated from the upper switch 350, and the upper electromagnet is de-energized; the connecting shaft 330 automatically falls to the bottommost part of the second long groove 361 of the connector 360 and continues to descend along with the connector 360;

(3) as shown in fig. 10, the connector 360 descends until the connecting shaft 330 touches the lowest point of the first long slot 311 of the frame plate 310, at this time, the connector 360 triggers the lower switch 350, and the lower electromagnet 340 is electrified to attract and fix the connecting shaft 330; the screen deck 100 and the conveyance deck 200 at this time are in a state of a small inclination angle as shown in fig. 13;

(4) as shown in fig. 11, the connector 360 continues to descend such that the second long groove 361 is separated from the connecting shaft 330; this step is to avoid the connecting shaft 330 from transmitting the vibration to the telescopic rod of the hydraulic cylinder 320, and avoid the telescopic rod from vibrating for a long time to damage the sealing system in the hydraulic cylinder 320;

(5) as shown in fig. 12, the connector 360 moves up again to the highest point, at this time, the connector 360 triggers the upper switch 350, the connecting shaft 330 is attracted by the upper electromagnet 340, and the whole screen deck 100 and the conveying deck 200 are restored to the large inclination state as shown in fig. 2 again;

(6) after the connection shaft 330 reaches the highest point, it goes down again for a distance to the position shown in fig. 4, so that the second long groove 361 is separated from the connection shaft 330; this step is also to avoid the connecting shaft 330 transmitting the vibration to the telescopic rod of the hydraulic cylinder 320;

as can be seen from the above description of the steps, the cleaning mechanism of the embodiment can switch the screen plate 100 between the large inclination angle state and the small inclination angle state, when the screen plate 100 is in the small inclination angle state, the mixture of the bean hulls is sufficiently screened on the screen plate 100, but the bean hulls are easy to accumulate on the screen plate 100; when the sieve plate 100 is in a large inclination angle state, the gliding speed of the mixture of the bean pods on the sieve plate 100 is accelerated; through the trial and discovery, set up the low inclination state and the big inclination state of sieve 100 respectively for 30 seconds and 10 seconds can obtain better cleaning effect, can ensure that the beans screening is clean can avoid the waste material to pile up again.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in the specification, these embodiments are merely provided as a hint, and should not limit the scope of the present invention. Various omissions, substitutions, and changes may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention and are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A cleaning mechanism for an edible bean combine harvester is characterized in that: comprises a sieve plate, a conveying plate, a regulator and a vibration mechanism;

the conveying plate is fixedly connected with the sieve plate, the sieve plate and the conveying plate are inclined, the lowest end of the sieve plate is connected with a discharging mechanism of the combine harvester, and the lowest end of the conveying plate is connected with a lifting mechanism of the combine harvester;

the regulator comprises a frame plate, a linear driver and a connecting shaft, the cross section of the frame plate is U-shaped, a first long groove in the vertical direction is formed in the frame plate, and the frame plate is fixed on a main body frame of the combine harvester; one end of the connecting shaft is connected with the sieve plate, and the other end of the connecting shaft is inserted into the first long groove; the linear driver is arranged on the frame plate and can drive the connecting shaft to reciprocate along the first long groove;

the vibrating mechanism drives the sieve plate to vibrate.

2. A cleaning mechanism for an edible bean combine harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that: the linear actuator is a hydraulic cylinder.

3. A cleaning mechanism for an edible bean combine harvester according to claim 2, characterized in that: a first bearing is arranged between the sieve plate and the connecting shaft.

4. A cleaning mechanism for an edible bean combine harvester according to claim 3, characterized in that: the regulator also comprises two electromagnets which are respectively positioned above and below the first long groove.

5. A cleaning mechanism for an edible bean combine harvester according to claim 4, characterized in that: the regulator also comprises a connector, the connector is arranged on a telescopic rod of the hydraulic cylinder, a second long groove in the vertical direction is formed in the surface of the connector, and the connecting shaft is inserted into the second long groove; the switch of the electromagnet is installed on the frame plate and is positioned on the up-and-down motion path of the connector.

6. A cleaning mechanism for an edible bean combine harvester according to claim 5, characterized in that: the connecting shaft is provided with a square iron block, and the iron block is aligned with the electromagnet.

7. A cleaning mechanism for an edible bean combine harvester according to claim 6, characterized in that: the vibration mechanism comprises a rotating shaft and eccentric wheels, and the eccentric wheels are arranged at two ends of the rotating shaft; round holes are formed in two sides of the sieve plate, and the eccentric wheel is located in the round holes.

8. A cleaning mechanism for an edible bean combine harvester according to claim 7, characterized in that: the vibration mechanism further comprises a shaft sleeve and a connecting rod, the eccentric wheel is a second bearing, the shaft sleeve is fixed at two ends of the rotating shaft, and an inner ring of the second bearing is welded on the shaft sleeve through the connecting rod.

9. A method of operating a cleaning mechanism according to claim 8, characterized in that: during the work of the combine harvester, the hydraulic cylinder drives the connecting shaft to switch between the highest position and the lowest position, and the connecting shaft is respectively adsorbed and fixed by the two electromagnets when being positioned at the highest position and the lowest position; the ratio of the time of the connecting shaft at the highest position to the time of the connecting shaft at the lowest position is 1: 3.

10. A method of operating a cleaning mechanism according to claim 9, characterized in that: when the hydraulic cylinder drives the connecting shaft to reach the highest position, the telescopic rod of the hydraulic cylinder moves downwards for a set distance; when the hydraulic cylinder drives the connecting shaft to reach the lowest position, the hydraulic cylinder drives the telescopic rod to move upwards for a set distance.