CN113206630A - 用于机动车电力转换器的可变的相互关断时间控制 - Google Patents

用于机动车电力转换器的可变的相互关断时间控制 Download PDF

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CN113206630A
CN113206630A CN202110095080.3A CN202110095080A CN113206630A CN 113206630 A CN113206630 A CN 113206630A CN 202110095080 A CN202110095080 A CN 202110095080A CN 113206630 A CN113206630 A CN 113206630A
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magnitude
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phase bridge
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鲍里斯·库鲁维加
葛宝明
徐帆
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/505—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M7/515—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/525—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output waveform or frequency
    • H02M7/527—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output waveform or frequency by pulse width modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
    • H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
    • H02P27/085—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation wherein the PWM mode is adapted on the running conditions of the motor, e.g. the switching frequency
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    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/02—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles characterised by the form of the current used in the control circuit
    • B60L15/08—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles characterised by the form of the current used in the control circuit using pulses
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    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/003—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to inverters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/38—Means for preventing simultaneous conduction of switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/429—Current
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/80—Time limits
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
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Abstract

本公开提供了“用于机动车电力转换器的可变的相互关断时间控制”。一种机动车电力转换器可通过以下操作来控制：检测由所述机动车电力转换器的相桥输出的电流的幅值；根据所述幅值为所述相桥的开关选择相互关断时间；并且为具有所述相互关断时间的所述开关产生脉宽调制信号以操作所述开关以在牵引电池和电机之间传送电力。

Description

用于机动车电力转换器的可变的相互关断时间控制
技术领域
本公开涉及机动车电力电子部件。
背景技术
电动或混合动力车辆可以包含用于推进的一个或多个马达。车辆还可以包含牵引电池以为马达提供能量。由于马达和牵引电池可能需要不同的电气参数才能正常操作，因此它们之间的电气通信可能需要修改所提供或消耗的电力。
发明内容
一种机动车辆包括牵引电池、电机和逆变器，所述逆变器在牵引电池和电机之间传送电力。逆变器包括一对开关，所述一对开关限定用于所述电机的相桥。机动车辆还包括控制器，所述控制器用相应的脉宽调制信号来互补地操作开关。所述信号各自具有占空比并且共同地限定脉冲之间的相互关断时间。相互关断时间根据由相桥输出的电流的幅值而变化，使得随着幅值的增加，相互关断时间增加，同时占空比保持恒定，并且随着幅值的减少，相互关断时间减少，同时占空比保持恒定。
一种用于控制机动车电力转换器的方法，所述方法包括：检测由机动车电力转换器的相桥输出的电流的幅值；根据幅值选择相互关断时间；并且为具有相互关断时间的相桥的开关产生脉宽调制信号，以在牵引电池和电机之间传送电力，使得随着幅值减小，相互关断时间减小。
一种用于机动车辆的电力系统具有：电力逆变器，其包括限定相桥的一对开关；电流传感器，其测量由相桥输出的电流幅值；以及控制器。控制器用相应的脉宽调制信号来操作开关，每个脉宽调制信号都具有占空比，并且共同地限定脉冲之间的相互关断时间。控制器还根据幅值改变相互关断时间，使得相互关断时间随着幅值减小而减小，同时占空比保持恒定。
附图说明
图1是限定相互关断时间的典型脉宽调制信号的示意图。
图2是在对应的开关装置被命令关断之后的电流幅值对时间的曲线图。
图3是对应于各种相互关断时间的相电流包络的曲线图。
图4是机动车电驱动系统的示意图。
图5是用于可变相互关断时间控制的算法的流程图。
具体实施方式
本文中描述了本公开的各种实施例。然而，所公开的实施例仅仅是示例性的，并且其他实施例可采用未明确示出或描述的各种形式和替代形式。附图不一定按比例绘制；一些特征可以被放大或最小化以示出特定部件的细节。因此，本文所公开的具体结构细节和功能细节不应被解释为限制性的，而是仅仅作为教导本领域普通技术人员以不同方式采用本发明的代表性基础。如本领域普通技术人员将理解，参考附图中的任何一个来示出和描述的各种特征可以与在一个或多个其他附图中所示出的特征相组合，以产生未明确示出或描述的实施例。所示特征的组合提供典型应用的代表性实施例。然而，与本公开的教导一致的特征的各种组合和修改可以是特定应用或实现方式所期望的。
一些混合动力电动车辆电力转换器系统采用相互关断时间控制算法来防止双导通短路状况。可以用软件和用于每个开关装置的栅极驱动器的脉宽调制信号来实现此类控制算法。还可以用栅极驱动器硬件来实现它们。
在每次开关事件期间，可能需要导通和关断相互关断时间以避免双导通短路状况。图1示出了互补开关ST1和SB1的周期时间，以及开关的相邻脉冲之间的相互关断时间，在所述相互关断时间期间两个开关都关断。依据开关装置的特性，可能需要增加相互关断时间，以确保防止双导通短路状况。由于相互关断时间有效地修改了控制信号，因此在转换器的每个相桥的输出端处可能存在不希望的谐波失真。因此，相互关断时间的存在可以产生非线性电压输出(诸如电压降)，并且导致通过开关二极管的续流电流，这可以产生另外的电力损耗。如从图1中显而易见的，用于开关中的每个的占空比都被限定为开关接通(信号为高)期间相对于其周期时间的时间量。如本领域中已知的，周期时间和占空比可以取决于电力要求、系统设计等。
在实际的高电力应用中，可以将相互关断时间设置为大的值，以确保正常操作。然而，如上所述，较长的相互关断时间可能导致输出电流波形中的失真，特别是当系统在低电力和低电流水平下操作时。发明人已经得出结论，对于高电流水平期望较长的相互关断时间，并且对于低电流水平期望较短的相互关断时间。能够同时实现这两者的灵活控制策略可以改善正弦电流波形失真和整体系统性能。
本文提出了控制策略，所述控制策略可在不同的转换器工况下调整相互关断时间，同时维持给定的占空比恒定。最初，可在测试设置中的不同电流水平下获得用于每次导通和关断事件的开关波形。可以针对所有操作电压和电流水平来测量并且记录关断尾电流持续时间。可以测量下降时间，并且将其映射到用于所有电流水平的查找表中。然后，此数据可在车辆电力系统的实时控制期间用于调整栅极驱动器周期之间的相互关断时间。
图2示出了在IGBT被命令关断之后(在时间零点)，通过示例IGBT的电流达到零的持续时间。尽管不同的开关装置可能表现出不同的波形特性，但通常来说，电流越高，电流下降到零所花费的时间越长。此数据可以用于基于转换器输出电流选择相互关断时间。如果转换器输出电流大于300A，则相互关断时间可以设置为0.3微秒。如果转换器输出电流小于300A，则相互关断时间可以设置为0.25微秒。也可设想其他场景。例如，转换器输出电流的每50安变化可能与不同的相互关断时间等相关联。
一旦通过相桥的特定开关装置的电流已达到零轴线，互补开关装置就可以根据转换器输出电流的瞬时幅值而更早或稍后导通以缩短或延长相互关断时间。这可以导致优化的相互关断时间控制和输出中的谐波失真的减少。图3示出了对于给定的相电流，可以选定不同的相互关断时间，例如，MOT1、MOT2、MOT3等。在低电流水平下，如果考虑到高电流水平而将相互关断时间设置为高，则输出正弦电流波形通常会具有最高的谐波失真。然而，在低电流输出期间，相互关断时间不需要很长，并且其可以缩短。同样，在高电流输出期间，相互关断时间可以延长等。特定的相互关断时间可以从类似于图2中示出的数据计算出来，并且可以根据应用而有所不同。尽管图3示出了五个不同水平的相互关断时间，但是根据期望可以使用更多数量(例如，八个)或更少数量(例如，两个)的相互关断时间。还可以以连续地而不是以离散的方式来调整相互关断时间。
参考图4，用于车辆12的示例电驱动系统10包括牵引电池14、基于桥的DC-DC转换器16、用于DC总线19的DC链路电容器18、两个电力转换器(DC-AC逆变器)20、22、马达24、发电机26和控制器27。基于桥的DC-DC转换器16包括与牵引电池14并联的电容器28、一对串联连接的开关30、32(例如，晶体管)以及位于电容器与串联连接的开关30、32之间的电感器34。
在此示例中，DC-AC逆变器20包括三对串联连接的开关36、38、40、42、44、46。所述对中的每对都限定用于马达24(电机)的对应相桥。发电机26还包括三对串联连接的开关48、50、52、54、56、58。所述对中的每对都限定用于发电机26(电机)的对应相桥。开关36、38、40、42、44、46、48、50、52、54、56、58可以是绝缘栅双极晶体管(IGBT)、金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET)或其他可控半导体装置。在以下示例中，开关36、38、40、42、44、46、48、50、52、54、56、58被示出为IGBT。
与来自牵引电池14的电力相关联的电压可通过基于桥的DC-DC转换器16的操作来增加，以最终递送到DC-AC逆变器20并且因此递送到马达24以推进车辆12。同样，由发电机26捕获的再生电力可通过DC-AC逆变器22等以存储在牵引电池14中。控制器27可以通过开关30、32、36、38、40、42、44、46、48、50、52、54、56、58的适当命令来实现此类控制。
可以跨DC-AC逆变器20、22的相桥出现双导通状况。例如，开关36、38的栅极信号通常是互补的。在正常工况下，在任何时间，开关36、38中的仅一者导通。在双导通状况下，开关36、38同时导通，并且高DC电压源被由开关36、38的导通状况电阻形成的低阻抗直接短路。双导通状况可以产生比开关36、38的正常工作电流高得多的大电流。
因此，电驱动系统10还包括传感器21、23，所述传感器21、23分别与DC-AC逆变器20、22相关联。传感器21被配置为测量由开关36、38限定的相桥上的电流输出。传感器23被配置为测量由开关48、50限定的相桥上的电流输出。当然，还可以使用其他类型的传感器，并且以任何合适的方式布置以检测与DC-AC逆变器20、22相关联的电流。
由控制器27使用此数据来选择用于操作开关36、38、40、42、44、46和/或开关48、50、52、54、56、58的脉宽调制信号的适当的相互关断时间，如上所描述的。例如，控制器27可以响应于所测量的电流的幅值大于某个预定阈值而选择0.4秒的相互关断时间。控制器28还可以响应于所测量的幅值小于某个其他预定阈值而选择0.3秒的相互关断时间。一旦选定，则控制器27然后可以基于期望的周期时间、期望的占空比和选定的相互关断时间，使用已知技术产生具有选定的相互关断时间的脉宽调制命令。
图5示出了控制器27执行算法以实现本文设想的可变相互关断时间技术中的一些。在操作60处，控制器27可以检测与电力转换器20的操作相关联的电流幅值。如上文所提及的，可以从传感器(例如，传感器21)获得此数据，所述传感器布置成测量由电力转换器20的相桥输出的电流。在操作62处，控制器27可以根据输出电流的幅值选择相互关断时间。例如，控制器27可以访问包含的数据类似于图3所示数据的查找表。在操作64处，控制器可以改变用于互补地控制所述一对开关36、38、所述一对开关40、42和所述一对开关44、46的脉宽调制命令。
与某些常规控制技术相比，所提出的策略可以减少谐波失真，改善正弦电流波形，并且减少电机电力损耗。此外，不需要另外的硬件来实现所提出的策略。
本文所公开的过程、方法或算法可交付到处理装置、控制器或计算机或由它们来实现，它们可包括任何现有可编程电子控制单元或专用电子控制单元。类似地，过程、方法或算法可作为可由控制器或计算机执行的呈许多形式的数据和指令存储，所述形式包括但不限于：永久地存储在不可写存储介质(诸如ROM装置)上的信息、以及可变更地存储在可写存储介质(诸如软盘、磁带、CD、RAM装置以及其他磁性和光学介质)上的信息。过程、方法或算法也可在软件可执行对象中实现。替代地，过程、方法或算法可全部或部分使用合适的硬件部件(诸如专用集成电路(ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、状态机、控制器或者其他硬件部件或装置)或硬件、软件和固件部件的组合来实施。
在说明书中所使用的用词是描述性用词而非限制性用词，并且应理解，可以在不脱离本公开和权利要求的精神和范围的情况下做出各种改变。如前面所描述的，各个实施例的特征可以被组合以形成可能未明确描述或示出的另外的实施例。尽管各个实施例可能已被描述为在一个或多个期望的特性方面提供优于其他实施例或现有技术实现方式的优点或相比其他实施例或现有技术实现方式是优选的，但是本领域的普通技术人员认识到，一个或多个特征或特性可以被折衷以实现期望的整体系统属性，所述期望的整体系统属性取决于具体的应用和实现方式。这些属性包括但不限于成本、强度、耐久性、生命周期成本、可销售性、外观、包装、大小、可服务性、重量、可制造性、易于组装等。因此，被描述为关于一个或多个特性不如其他实施例或现有技术实现方式所期望的实施例不在本公开的范围之外，并且对于特定应用可能是期望的。

Claims (12)

1.一种机动车辆，其包括：
牵引电池；
电机；
逆变器，其被配置为在所述牵引电池和所述电机之间传送电力，并且包括一对开关，所述一对开关限定用于所述电机的相桥；以及
控制器，其被配置为用相应的脉宽调制信号来互补地操作所述开关，每个脉宽调制信号都具有占空比并且共同地限定脉冲之间的相互关断时间，其中所述相互关断时间根据由所述相桥输出的电流的幅值而变化，使得随着所述幅值增加，所述相互关断时间增加，同时所述占空比保持恒定，并且随着所述幅值减小，所述相互关断时间减少，同时所述占空比保持恒定。
2.如权利要求1所述的机动车辆，其还包括传感器，所述传感器被配置为检测所述电流的幅值。
3.如权利要求1所述的机动车辆，其中所述控制器还被配置为根据所述幅值选择所述相互关断时间。
4.如权利要求1所述的机动车辆，其中所述电机是马达。
5.如权利要求1所述的机动车辆，其中所述电机是发电机。
6.一种用于控制机动车电力转换器的方法，所述方法包括：
检测由所述机动车电力转换器的相桥输出的电流的幅值，其中所述相桥由一对开关限定；
根据所述幅值选择相互关断时间；以及
为具有所述相互关断时间的所述开关产生脉宽调制信号，以在牵引电池和电机之间传送电力，使得随着所述幅值减小，所述相互关断时间减小。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法，其中所述选择包括，响应于所述幅值超过第一预定阈值，将所述相互关断时间设置为第一值。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法，其中所述选择还包括：响应于所述幅值小于第二预定阈值，将所述相互关断时间设置为小于所述第一值的第二值。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法，其中所述第一预定阈值和所述第二预定阈值是相同的。
10.如权利要求8所述的方法，其中所述第一值和所述第二值小于0.5微秒。
11.一种用于机动车辆的电力系统，其包括：
电力逆变器，其包括限定相桥的一对开关；
电流传感器，其被配置为测量由所述相桥输出的电流的幅值；以及
控制器，其被配置为用相应的脉宽调制信号操作所述开关，每个脉宽调制信号都具有占空比并且共同地限定脉冲之间的相互关断时间，并且根据所述幅值改变所述相互关断时间，使得所述相互关断时间随着所述幅值减小而减小，同时所述占空比保持恒定。
12.如权利要求11所述的电力系统，其中所述控制器还被配置为根据所述幅值改变所述相互关断时间，使得所述相互关断时间随着所述幅值的增加而增加。
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