CN113203672A - Method for evaluating and characterizing permeable pavement permeability characteristics - Google Patents
Method for evaluating and characterizing permeable pavement permeability characteristics Download PDFInfo
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- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000012613 in situ experiment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for evaluating and characterizing the permeability characteristic of a permeable pavement, which comprises the following steps: an indoor water seepage experiment platform is built based on the permeable pavement structure, and the permeability coefficient of the permeable pavement structure and the permeability coefficient of the base material are obtained by adopting an experiment method; establishing a CFD simulation model through ANSYS-FLUENT, and verifying the effectiveness of the model through an experimental result; measuring the actual road surface structure permeability coefficient by adopting a field in-situ experiment; according to the in-situ penetration experiment conditions, a CFD finite element model is constructed, the CFD finite element model is adopted for simulation to obtain a penetration coefficient, the difference of the penetration coefficients obtained through simulation analysis and the experiment meets the error requirement, the actual penetration coefficients of the base layer and the joint material are obtained, and further the penetration evaluation result of the surface of the permeable pavement is obtained; the method can be applied to back calculation analysis based on actual permeability test of the existing permeable pavement, the water conductivity of the current permeable pavement is determined through the back calculation analysis, and the effective permeability coefficient is selected as the measurement of the whole permeability of the permeable pavement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of road material engineering, and particularly relates to a method for evaluating and representing the permeability characteristics of a permeable pavement.
Background
Permeable pavement is a common solution for urban rainwater management, and porous areas on the pavement allow water to permeate into the underground layer, reduce surface runoff, maintain the natural hydrological function of the area by replenishing groundwater, and reduce the influence of urban infrastructure on the environment. In the design of permeable pavements, good permeability is an important indicator of permeable pavements. The permeable pavement must not only have a high surface flow rate during design and construction, but also retain most of its original flow capacity throughout the design lifetime. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the initial percolation rate of the newly-built water seepage road surface and continuously monitor the variation trend of the newly-built water seepage road surface in the using process. In order to evaluate the permeability of the permeable pavement, in the actual engineering, various different test methods and indexes are adopted to evaluate the surface permeability of the permeable pavement, so that the test results measured by the different test methods cannot be directly compared. Meanwhile, most of the current test methods are based on Darcy's laminar flow assumption, namely the linear relation between the flow velocity and the hydraulic gradient, but the actual flow in the porous material is not laminar, so the laminar flow assumption may influence the actual permeability of the water permeable material.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for evaluating and representing the permeability characteristics of a permeable pavement, which adopts a permeability coefficient as a permeability evaluation index, solves the problem that the permeability capacities of different organizations and researchers represent the permeable pavement are inconsistent at present, provides the permeability coefficient as a representation index of the permeability, and provides two related indexes of flow time and flow rate as references.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for evaluating and characterizing the permeability characteristics of a permeable pavement comprises the following steps:
In the step 2, the device used in the experimental method specifically comprises a controller, a laser instrument and a water seepage pipe, wherein the laser instrument is connected with the input end of the controller, the output end of the controller is connected with a computer for data acquisition, a controller switch is arranged, the laser instrument is arranged in the water seepage pipe, a support is arranged at the top of the water seepage pipe, the laser instrument is connected with the support through a suspension rod, the top end of the water seepage pipe is provided with an opening for placing the support, the water seepage pipe is placed at the top of the water permeable pavement, and the water permeable pavement is composed of interlocking blocks and base materials.
In step 2, carrying out an indoor permeable pavement penetration experiment:
adopting the experimental device to carry out the infiltration experiment, setting the initial water head height by injecting water into the infiltration pipe, opening the controller, recording the change of the water head along with the time by the laser range finder, and fixing according to the correction DarcyLaw v ═ k × inDetermining the actual permeability coefficient of the permeable pavement under the test condition to obtain the water flow time within a given water head variation range, wherein v is the flow velocity of water in mm/s; k is the corrected Darcy permeability coefficient, mm/s; i is hydraulic gradient, mm/mm.
In step 3, according to the geometric parameters of the experimental device in the step 2, a CFD simulation model is established through ANSYS-FLUENT;
setting the type of inlet and outlet boundary conditions, and inputting the permeability coefficient value of the base material;
operating simulation models under different conditions to obtain a simulation result of the permeable pavement structure permeability coefficient, comparing the simulation result with the permeable pavement structure permeability coefficient obtained in the step 2, and if the difference between the simulation result and the permeable pavement structure permeability coefficient is within a set range, the model is valid, otherwise, adjusting the model parameters until the difference between the simulation result and the permeable pavement structure permeability coefficient obtained in the step 2 is within the set range; and obtaining a finite element simulation infiltration model of the permeable pavement.
The experimental device used in the step 2 is a simplified experimental device, and the size of the experimental device can meet at least one unit arrangement mode.
In step 2, in order to control variables required by the experiment, the interlocking blocks are all waterproof bricks.
In the step 2, the water seepage pipe is a cylindrical water seepage pipe, and the precision of the displacement sensor is 0.01 mm.
In the step 2, at least three test positions are set for water seepage experiments.
In the step 2, the base material is a graded sand material.
In step 3, the boundary conditions of the inlet and the outlet of the simulation model are a pressure inlet and a pressure outlet.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a method for evaluating and representing the permeability characteristics of a permeable pavement, which comprehensively compares the evaluation indexes of the existing permeability function, adopts the permeability coefficient as a representation index, and evaluates the surface permeability by correcting Darcy's law, thereby being more in line with the permeability rule of water flow in a porous structure; a numerical simulation model of the permeable pavement is constructed, the reasonability and the applicability of the method are verified through a test result of an indoor permeable pavement model, the model can be used as an effective measuring tool for predicting the permeability of the permeable pavement, the model can be used for back-calculating the effective permeability coefficient of a permeable pavement material, and the surface flow capacity of a single unit panel in the permeable pavement in a repeated paving mode can be predicted so as to indirectly evaluate the more real permeability of the whole permeable pavement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of an indoor test platform apparatus;
FIG. 3a is a schematic view of a first position of an indoor test; FIG. 3b is a schematic view of a second position for the laboratory test; FIG. 3c is a schematic diagram of a third position of the laboratory test;
FIG. 4 is a graph of graded sand permeability coefficient test results;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of boundary conditions of a finite element simulation model.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the following examples, which are intended to be illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, (1) selecting the structural parameters of the permeable pavement
In the embodiment, an impermeable cuboid interlocking block is selected, the plane size of a pavement structure is 450mm multiplied by 450mm, a base material is selected as a graded sand material, and the specific arrangement rule refers to fig. 2 and fig. 5;
(2) construction of indoor permeation experiment platform
An indoor experimental platform is built according to the geometrical parameters of the step (1), the periphery of the permeable pavement is fixed through boards with the thickness of 10mm, the experimental device is shown in figure 2, the device used in the experimental method specifically comprises a controller 1, a laser instrument 3 and a water seepage pipe 4, the laser instrument 3 is connected with the input end of the controller 1, the output of the controller is connected with a computer 2 for data acquisition, a controller switch is arranged, the laser instrument 3 is arranged inside the water seepage pipe 4, a support 5 is arranged at the top of the water seepage pipe 4, the laser instrument 3 is connected with the support 5 through a suspension rod, the top end of the water seepage pipe 4 is opened and used for placing the support 5, the water seepage pipe 5 is placed at the top of the permeable pavement, and the permeable pavement is composed of an interlocking block 6 and a base material 7.
(3) Carry out the indoor permeable pavement penetration experiment
Performing a penetration experiment by the experiment platform determined in the step (2), injecting water into the penetration pipe, opening the controller, recording the change of the height of the water head along with the time by the laser range finder, setting the initial water head to be 150mm, and correcting Darcy's law v-k-inDetermining the actual permeability coefficient of the permeable pavement under the test condition, wherein v is the flow rate of water in mm/s; k is the corrected Darcy permeability coefficient, mm/s; i is hydraulic gradient, mm/mm. Experiment three stations were selected for the experiment, the positions of which are shown in fig. 3a, 3b and 3 c. The example provides the flow time and flow rate within the range of 115mm to 45mm head variation as reference;
testing the permeability coefficient of the base material sand by the experimental platform determined in the step (2), wherein the experimental result is shown in figure 4, and the permeability coefficient value of the sand measured in the experiment is 20.97 mm/s;
(4) construction and check of finite element simulation infiltration model
Establishing a CFD simulation model through ANSYS-FLUENT according to the geometric parameters of the indoor experiment platform determined in the step (2); setting pressure inlet and outlet boundary conditions, wherein the model boundary conditions are as shown in figure 5; setting the permeability coefficient value of the graded sand material to be 20.97 mm/s; according to the graphs in the figures 3a, 3b and 3c, simulation models at different test positions are operated to obtain simulation experiment data, including permeable pavement structure permeability coefficients, water flowing time and average flow rate (the variation range of the water head height is 115 mm-45 mm), and the simulation experiment data are compared with the experiment result obtained in the step (3) for analysis, the result is shown in the tables 1 and 2, the error is small, and the model can be used for the estimation analysis of the subsequent permeable pavement surface permeability;
TABLE 1 simulated value and experimental value error analysis of road surface permeability coefficient under different positions
TABLE 2 simulated and experimental error analysis of flow time and flow rate at different positions
(5) Estimation of surface permeability of permeable pavement
For a permeable pavement having a repeating pavement pattern, when a penetration test is performed on a sufficiently large area covering a sufficiently large repeating pavement pattern, the permeability per unit area approaches a constant value. The penetration simulation experiment is carried out on a single water circulation module and nine water circulation modules, the tested penetration areas are 440mm multiplied by 440mm and 1320mm multiplied by 1320mm respectively, the reference runoff depth is 25mm, the penetration capacity under different test conditions including effective penetration coefficient, flow time and flow speed is estimated, and the simulation result has no obvious difference (see table 3), which shows that the whole flow capacity of the water permeable pavement can be obtained by utilizing the actual measurement data of the conventional penetration experiment based on the back calculation method of the unit pavement mode simulation model analysis. In conclusion, the comprehensive evaluation of the permeable pavement permeability is shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 permeable pavement permeability table under this example
Although the present invention has been described in detail in this specification with reference to specific embodiments and illustrative embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and improvements can be made thereto based on the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all such modifications and improvements be made without departing from the spirit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for evaluating and characterizing the permeability characteristics of a permeable pavement is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, determining the plane geometric dimension of the interlocking blocks of the newly-built or active-service permeable pavement, and determining the arrangement rule of the interlocking blocks and the base material;
step 2, obtaining the permeability coefficient of the permeable pavement structure and the permeability coefficient of the base material by adopting an experimental method based on the plane geometric dimension of the permeable pavement interlocking blocks, the arrangement rule of the interlocking blocks and the base material;
step 3, based on the geometric dimensions of the planes of the water permeable pavement interlocking blocks, the arrangement rules of the interlocking blocks and the base material, establishing a CFD simulation model through ANSYS-FLUENT according to the experimental conditions of the experimental method and the permeability coefficient of the base material, operating the simulation model under different conditions to obtain a simulation result of the permeability coefficient of the water permeable pavement structure, comparing the simulation result with the permeability coefficient of the water permeable pavement structure obtained in the step 2, and if the difference between the simulation result and the permeability coefficient of the water permeable pavement structure obtained in the step 2 is within a set range, the model is valid, otherwise, adjusting the parameters of the model until the difference between the simulation result and the permeability coefficient of the water permeable pavement structure obtained in the step 2 is within the set range; obtaining a finite element simulation infiltration model of the permeable pavement;
step 4, measuring the actual road surface structure permeability coefficient by adopting a field in-situ experiment according to the experiment method in the step 2, and simultaneously obtaining the water flowing time and the average flow speed of the set water head variation range;
step 5, according to the in-situ penetration experiment conditions, constructing a CFD finite element model by adopting the method in the step 3, setting the penetration coefficients of the actual pavement base and the joint material, and operating the CFD finite element model to obtain the penetration coefficient based on simulation analysis; judging the difference between the simulation analysis and the permeability coefficient obtained based on the experiment in the step 4, if the difference meets the error requirement, obtaining the actual permeability coefficient of the base layer and the joint material, evaluating the surface permeability of the actual permeable pavement according to the operation result of the simulation model, and simultaneously estimating the permeability of the permeable pavement under different rainfall conditions through the model.
2. The method for evaluating and characterizing the permeability characteristics of the permeable pavement according to claim 1, wherein in step 2, the device used in the experimental method specifically comprises a controller (1), a laser (3) and a water seepage pipe (4), the laser (3) is connected with the input end of the controller (1), the output end of the controller (1) is connected with a computer (2) for data acquisition and is provided with a controller switch, the laser (3) is arranged inside the water seepage pipe (4), a bracket (5) is arranged on the top of the water seepage pipe (4), the laser (3) is connected with the bracket (5) through a suspension rod, the top end of the water seepage pipe (4) is open and used for placing the bracket (5), the water seepage pipe (5) is placed on the top of the permeable pavement, and the permeable pavement is composed of an interlocking block (6) and a base material (7).
3. The method for evaluating and characterizing the permeability characteristics of permeable pavements according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 2, an indoor permeable pavement permeability test is carried out:
adopting the experimental apparatus to carry out the infiltration experiment, giving initial head height through water injection to the infiltration pipe, opening the controller and recording the change of head along with time through the laser range finder, and according to revising Darcy's law v ═ k × inDetermining the actual permeability coefficient of the permeable pavement under the test condition to obtain the water flow time within a given water head variation range, wherein v is the flow velocity of water in mm/s; k is the corrected Darcy permeability coefficient, mm/s; i is hydraulic gradient, mm/mm.
4. The method for evaluating and characterizing the permeability characteristics of permeable pavements according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 3, a CFD simulation model is established by ANSYS-FLUENT according to the geometric parameters of the experimental device in step 2;
setting the type of inlet and outlet boundary conditions, and inputting the permeability coefficient value of the base material;
operating simulation models under different conditions to obtain a simulation result of the permeable pavement structure permeability coefficient, comparing the simulation result with the permeable pavement structure permeability coefficient obtained in the step 2, and if the difference between the simulation result and the permeable pavement structure permeability coefficient is within a set range, the model is valid, otherwise, adjusting the model parameters until the difference between the simulation result and the permeable pavement structure permeability coefficient obtained in the step 2 is within the set range; and obtaining a finite element simulation infiltration model of the permeable pavement.
5. The method for evaluating and characterizing the permeability characteristics of permeable pavements according to claim 1, wherein the experimental apparatus used in step 2 is a simplified experimental apparatus, and the size of the experimental apparatus satisfies at least one unit arrangement mode.
6. The method for evaluating and characterizing the permeability characteristics of permeable pavements according to claim 1, wherein in step 2, the interlocking blocks are impermeable bricks in order to control experimental variables.
7. The method for evaluating and characterizing the permeability characteristics of permeable pavements according to claim 1, wherein in step 2, the water seepage pipe is a cylindrical water seepage pipe, and the displacement sensor precision is 0.01 mm.
8. The method for evaluating and characterizing the permeability characteristics of permeable pavements according to claim 1, wherein in step 2, at least three test positions are set for water penetration tests.
9. The method for evaluating and characterizing the permeability characteristics of permeable pavements according to claim 1, wherein in step 2, the base material is graded sand material.
10. The method for evaluating and characterizing the permeable pavement permeability characteristics according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the inlet and outlet boundary conditions of the simulation model are a pressure inlet and a pressure outlet.
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