CN113201696B - TiN-rich iron alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
TiN-rich iron alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of alloy materials, and particularly relates to a TiN-rich iron alloy and a preparation method thereof. The TiN-rich ferroalloy is prepared from ferroalloy matrix, TiN powder particles and tungsten carbide microspheres. According to the invention, TiN ceramic powder particles with the mass fraction of 10-20% are added into a matrix, then the TiN-rich iron alloy with high hardness and high wear resistance can be obtained through smelting and a corresponding heat treatment method, smooth tungsten carbide microspheres are uniformly spread on the surface through a particle spreader during annealing, the purpose of dewatering is achieved by utilizing a special micro-nano structure, and the contact area between materials and the alloy is reduced, so that the friction coefficient of the alloy surface is reduced, and the anti-adhesion performance of an alloy plate is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of alloy materials, and particularly relates to a TiN-rich iron alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Iron is one of the most widely distributed and commonly used metals on the earth, and accounts for about 5.1% of the mass of the earth crust, and various iron alloys prepared by smelting are widely applied to various industries. In the prior art, high-chromium cast iron has better wear resistance and is commonly used for mechanical parts with higher requirements on frictional wear performance.
With the rapid development of modern science and technology, the friction and wear resistance of iron alloy is more strictly required by machinery in the industries of metallurgy, mine and the like. The existing high-wear-resistance cast iron parts are easy to have the phenomenon of surface layer peeling when being in service for a long time in a friction and wear environment bearing impact load, and further cause service failure. According to statistics, the economic loss caused by the friction wear failure of metal materials in the machinery industry of China can reach $ 400 billion each year. In the application scene of the wear-resistant material, the phenomenon that the work efficiency is reduced due to material adhesion occurs occasionally, so that the novel high-wear-resistance anti-adhesion ferroalloy is one of the key directions of the current research, development and application of the wear-resistant industry, and has important significance for the development of national economy in China. The friction force of the material surface can be effectively reduced by constructing the material surface with the special nano-micro structure.
Chinese patent CN 105665855A discloses a preparation method of a bionic super-hydrophobic and low-adhesion surface without modification of aluminum alloy, which adopts a bionics concept to extract the geometric texture and mathematical distribution relation of the surface of a plant leaf with super-hydrophobic characteristics, directly constructs multi-scale bionic geometric texture on the surface of the aluminum alloy without any chemical modification, is applied to the preparation technology of super-hydrophobic and low-adhesion of the surface of the aluminum alloy, and realizes the engineering bionic high-efficiency reproduction of the super-hydrophobic function of the plant leaf. According to the method, a nano-micro structure with a bionic hydrophobic structure is constructed on the surface of an aluminum alloy by utilizing an electric spark micro-nano wire cutting method, but the method is only suitable for metal materials with low hardness and cannot be suitable for high-hardness steel alloys, and the friction coefficient of the steel alloy can be obviously increased due to the improvement of the surface roughness.
Research and material development and application of high sand, ultra-fine and WC (wolfram carbide) particles on the wear resistance of a high-chromium cast iron-based high-frequency induction overlaying layer are carried out, 2020 and 35 (02): 57-61, and discloses a preparation method of a high-chromium cast iron-based overlaying layer added with WC particles, wherein the high-chromium cast iron-based overlaying layer added with WC particles is prepared by a high-frequency induction heating technology, and the hardness, the microstructure and the phase of the overlaying layer are characterized. The technology does not treat the surface of the material, so the anti-adhesion performance is poor.
At present, it is needed to provide a TiN-rich iron alloy with excellent wear resistance and anti-sticking performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the TiN-rich iron alloy which has excellent wear resistance and good hydrophobic and anti-adhesion properties; the invention also provides a preparation method of the TiN-rich iron alloy.
The TiN-rich ferroalloy is prepared from an ferroalloy matrix, TiN powder particles and tungsten carbide microspheres.
The iron alloy matrix comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
the purity of the TiN powder particles is more than or equal to 99.5 percent, and the average particle size is 30-50 nanometers.
The mass of the TiN powder particles is 10-20% of the mass of the iron alloy matrix.
The diameter of the tungsten carbide microsphere is 5-500 μm.
The mass of the tungsten carbide microspheres is 0.2-5% of that of the iron alloy matrix.
The preparation method of the TiN-rich iron alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting an iron alloy matrix: uniformly mixing the raw materials of the ferroalloy matrix, smelting, casting and cooling to obtain a ferroalloy matrix ingot;
(2) homogenizing the components of the iron alloy matrix: carrying out homogenization annealing on the cast ingot of the ferroalloy matrix obtained in the step (1), and cooling to room temperature along with a furnace after heat preservation to obtain the ferroalloy matrix with uniform components;
(3) smelting of the TiN-rich iron alloy: cutting the ferroalloy matrix obtained in the step (2) into plates, stacking the plates, uniformly placing TiN powder particles between the plates, and smelting to obtain a TiN-rich ferroalloy solution;
(4) pouring of the TiN-rich iron alloy: pouring the TiN-rich ferroalloy solution obtained in the step (3), and cooling to obtain a TiN-rich ferroalloy cast ingot;
(5) homogenizing the components of the TiN-rich iron alloy: and (4) spraying tungsten carbide microspheres on the surface of one side of the TiN-rich iron alloy ingot obtained in the step (4), then carrying out homogenizing annealing, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace after heat preservation to obtain the TiN-rich iron alloy with uniform components.
The smelting temperature in the step (1) is 1450-1600 ℃, and the smelting time is 20-90 minutes.
The smelting times in the step (1) are 4-6 times.
The homogenization annealing temperature in the step (2) is 900-1050 ℃.
The heat preservation time in the step (2) is 4-8 hours.
The thickness of the plate in the step (3) is 3 mm.
The smelting temperature in the step (3) is 1500-.
The smelting times in the step (3) are 5-7 times.
The pouring temperature in the step (4) is 1400-1500 ℃.
The cooling in the step (4) is to cool the poured TiN-rich iron alloy to 150 ℃ and 200 ℃, break the shell and take out the shell and cool the shell to room temperature.
The distance between the tungsten carbide microspheres in the step (5) is 1-100 μm.
The homogenization annealing temperature in the step (5) is 900-1100 ℃.
The heat preservation time in the step (5) is 4-8 hours.
The preparation method of the TiN-rich iron alloy comprises the following specific steps:
(1) smelting an iron alloy matrix: uniformly mixing the ferroalloy matrix raw materials in proportion, putting the mixture into an intermediate frequency induction smelting furnace for smelting at 1450-; repeating the steps of smelting, pouring and cooling, and repeatedly smelting for 4-6 times to ensure that the components of the ferroalloy matrix are uniform, so as to obtain a ferroalloy matrix ingot;
(2) homogenizing the components of the iron alloy matrix: putting the cast iron alloy substrate ingot obtained in the step (1) into a muffle furnace, heating to 900-1050 ℃ for carrying out homogenization annealing, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace after heat preservation for 4-8 hours to obtain an iron alloy substrate with uniform components;
(3) smelting of the TiN-rich iron alloy: cutting the ferroalloy matrix obtained in the step (2) into a plurality of plates with the thickness of 3mm by utilizing linear cutting, stacking the plates in a medium-frequency induction smelting furnace, and uniformly arranging TiN powder particles among the plates, wherein the arrangement schematic diagram of the TiN powder particles is shown in figure 1; starting a smelting furnace for smelting at the temperature of 1500-; repeating the steps of smelting, pouring and cooling, repeatedly smelting for 5-7 times to ensure that the TiN-rich ferroalloy components are uniform, and obtaining the TiN-rich ferroalloy solution after the last smelting is finished;
(4) pouring of the TiN-rich iron alloy: pouring the TiN-rich iron alloy solution obtained in the step (3) into a metal mold, wherein the pouring temperature is 1400-1500 ℃, cooling the TiN-rich iron alloy to 150-200 ℃ after pouring, breaking the shell, taking out and cooling to room temperature to obtain a TiN-rich iron alloy ingot;
(5) homogenizing the components of the TiN-rich iron alloy: and (4) uniformly spraying a layer of tungsten carbide microspheres with the diameter of 5-500 microns on the surface of one side of the TiN-rich iron alloy ingot obtained in the step (4), wherein the distance between the microspheres is 1-100 microns, so that the microspheres have hydrophobicity and effectively reduce the friction coefficient, then putting the microspheres into a muffle furnace, heating to 900-1100 ℃ for carrying out homogenization annealing, keeping the temperature for 4-8 hours, and then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the TiN-rich iron alloy with uniform components.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a high-hardness and high-wear-resistance TiN-rich iron alloy and a preparation method thereof. TiN is a ceramic compound with a NaCl type structure, and has excellent properties of high melting point, low density, good heat resistance, high hardness, high wear resistance and the like. According to the invention, TiN ceramic powder particles with the mass fraction of 10-20% are added into a matrix, then the TiN-rich iron alloy with high hardness and high wear resistance can be obtained through smelting and a corresponding heat treatment method, smooth tungsten carbide microspheres are uniformly spread on the surface through a particle spreader during annealing, the purpose of dewatering is achieved by utilizing a special micro-nano structure, and the contact area between materials and the alloy is reduced, so that the friction coefficient of the alloy surface is reduced, and the anti-adhesion performance of an alloy plate is improved.
According to the invention, high-content TiN powder particles are introduced into the iron alloy matrix, so that on one hand, the TiN particles can be used as nucleation points in the alloy smelting process, thereby inhibiting the grain growth in the alloy matrix and obtaining fine matrix tissues, thereby forming fine grain reinforcement and improving the alloy hardness and wear resistance; on the other hand, through multiple smelting and synergistic homogenization heat treatment, TiN particles can be uniformly distributed in the iron alloy matrix, and the integral wear resistance of the iron alloy is improved by means of the characteristics of high melting point, high hardness and high wear resistance of the TiN particles. The surface of the TiN-rich iron alloy is sprayed with tungsten carbide microspheres for anti-adhesion treatment, so that the surface friction coefficient is small and the surface has strong hydrophobicity.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the arrangement of TiN powder particles.
FIG. 2 is a surface metallographic image of a TiN-rich Fe alloy obtained in example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below with reference to examples.
Example 1
(1) According to the weight percentage, industrial grade pure iron 2319.75g, pure carbon 20g, pure chromium 125g, pure manganese 15g, pure silicon 12.5g, pure nickel 2.5g, pure tungsten 2.5g, pure molybdenum 1.25g, pure sulfur 1.25g and pure phosphorus 0.25g are mixed according to the iron alloy matrix components of 92.79% of Fe, 0.8% of C, 5% of Cr, 0.6% of Mn, 0.5% of Si, 0.1% of Ni, 0.1% of W, 0.05% of Mo, 0.05% of S and 0.01% of P. Cleaning a ferroalloy matrix raw material, uniformly mixing the raw material according to a proportion, placing the raw material into a medium-frequency induction smelting furnace, cleaning and wiping the inner wall of a smelting crucible in advance to avoid bringing other impurities, wherein the smelting temperature is 1600 ℃, the smelting time is 20 minutes, after the smelting is finished, pouring and cooling to obtain an ingot, removing a surface oxide skin of the ingot, then placing the ingot into the medium-frequency induction smelting furnace again to continue smelting, pouring and cooling; and repeating the steps of smelting, pouring and cooling for 4 times to ensure that the components of the ferroalloy matrix are uniform, thereby obtaining the ferroalloy matrix cast ingot.
(2) And (3) putting the cast iron alloy matrix ingot into a muffle furnace (KL-13, Kjeldahl constant electric heating technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin) to heat to 900 ℃ for carrying out homogenization annealing and heat preservation for 8 hours, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the iron alloy matrix with uniform components.
(3) The ferroalloy substrate was cut into 8 pieces of 3mm thick plates by wire cutting, and the plates were stacked in a medium frequency induction melting furnace after removing the oxide skin. 500g (20% by weight of the iron alloy matrix) of TiN powder particles with a particle size of 30-50 nm and a purity of 99.5% were weighed and uniformly arranged between the plates. Starting a smelting furnace for smelting, wherein the smelting temperature is 1800 ℃, the smelting time is 120 minutes, after the smelting is finished, pouring and cooling to obtain an ingot, removing the surface oxide skin of the ingot, then putting the ingot into a medium-frequency induction smelting furnace again for continuous smelting, pouring and cooling; and repeating the steps of smelting, pouring and cooling for 5 times to ensure that the TiN-rich ferroalloy has uniform components, and obtaining the TiN-rich ferroalloy solution after the last smelting.
(4) And then pouring the molten TiN-rich iron alloy solution into a metal mold, wherein the pouring temperature is 1500 ℃, cooling the TiN-rich iron alloy to 150 ℃ after pouring, breaking the shell, taking out and cooling to room temperature to obtain the TiN-rich iron alloy ingot.
(5) When the annealing is started, scattering tungsten carbide microspheres with the mass of 125g (5 percent of the weight of an iron alloy matrix) and the average diameter of 15 mu m on the surface of the TiN-rich iron alloy cast ingot, wherein the average distance between the microspheres is 10 mu m; the TiN-rich ferroalloy cast ingot spread with the tungsten carbide microspheres is put into a muffle furnace (KL-13, Kjeldahl constant electric heating technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin) to be heated to 1100 ℃ for carrying out homogenization annealing for 8 hours, and then is cooled to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the TiN-rich ferroalloy with uniform components, wherein the surface metallographic diagram of the TiN-rich ferroalloy is shown in figure 2.
And (3) wear resistance test:
the TiN-rich iron alloy was cut into 5 cylindrical samples with a diameter of 10mm by wire cutting. And (3) grinding the tested surface of the cut sample to 2000# by using abrasive paper, polishing, cleaning and drying the surface, and carrying out an abrasion experiment by using a rotary abrasive wear testing machine, wherein 100# aluminum oxide abrasive paper is selected as an abrasive, the load is 18N, and the abrasion stroke is 2200 mm. After the end of the experiment, the average wear resistance data was obtained by weighing and calculating the wear amount of the sample using a TG328A type photoelectric analytical balance with an accuracy of 0.1mg, and the results are shown in table 1.
Hydrophobicity and coefficient of friction test:
the hydrophobicity of the TiN-rich iron alloy is measured by a contact angle tester, and the friction coefficient is measured by an MXD-02 friction coefficient tester (Jinan Languang). The results are shown in Table 1.
Example 2
(1) The material is prepared from industrial pure iron 2232g, pure carbon 25g, pure chromium 187.5g, pure manganese 22.5g, pure silicon 18.75g, pure nickel 5g, pure tungsten 5g, pure molybdenum 1.875g, pure sulfur 1.875g and pure phosphorus 0.5g according to the mass percent of an iron alloy matrix component 89.28% of Fe, 1.0% of C, 7.5% of Cr, 0.9% of Mn, 0.75% of Si, 0.2% of Ni, 0.2% of W, 0.075% of Mo, 0.075% of S and 0.02% of P. Cleaning a ferroalloy matrix raw material, uniformly mixing the raw material according to a proportion, placing the raw material into a medium-frequency induction smelting furnace, cleaning and wiping the inner wall of a smelting crucible in advance to avoid bringing other impurities, wherein the smelting temperature is 1500 ℃, the smelting time is 50 minutes, after the smelting is finished, pouring and cooling are carried out to obtain an ingot, the surface oxide skin of the ingot is removed, and then the ingot is placed into the medium-frequency induction smelting furnace again to be continuously smelted, poured and cooled; and repeating the steps of smelting, pouring and cooling for 4 times to ensure that the components of the ferroalloy matrix are uniform, thereby obtaining the ferroalloy matrix cast ingot.
(2) Putting the cast iron alloy matrix ingot into a muffle furnace (KL-13, Kjeldahl constant electro-thermal technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin) to heat to 1000 ℃ for homogenizing annealing and preserving heat for 6 hours, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the iron alloy matrix with uniform components.
(3) The ferroalloy substrate was cut into 8 pieces of 3mm thick plates by wire cutting, and the plates were stacked in a medium frequency induction melting furnace after removing the oxide skin. 375g (15% by weight of the iron alloy matrix) of TiN powder particles with a particle size of 30-50 nm and a purity of 99.5% were weighed and evenly arranged between the plates. Starting a smelting furnace for smelting, wherein the smelting temperature is 1650 ℃, the smelting time is 70 minutes, after the smelting is finished, pouring and cooling to obtain an ingot, removing surface oxide skin of the ingot, then putting the ingot into a medium-frequency induction smelting furnace again for continuous smelting, pouring and cooling; and repeating the steps of smelting, pouring and cooling for 5 times to ensure that the TiN-rich ferroalloy has uniform components, and obtaining the TiN-rich ferroalloy solution after the last smelting.
(4) And then pouring the molten TiN-rich iron alloy solution into a metal mold, wherein the pouring temperature is 1450 ℃, cooling the TiN-rich iron alloy to 175 ℃ after pouring, breaking the shell, taking out and cooling to room temperature to obtain the TiN-rich iron alloy ingot.
(5) When the annealing is started, spreading tungsten carbide microspheres with the mass of 25g (1 percent of the weight of an iron alloy matrix) and the average diameter of 150 mu m on the surface of the TiN-rich iron alloy cast ingot, wherein the average distance between the microspheres is 55 mu m; the TiN-rich ferroalloy cast ingot spread with the tungsten carbide microspheres is put into a muffle furnace (KL-13, Kjeldahl constant electric heating technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin) to be heated to 1000 ℃ for carrying out homogenization annealing for 6 hours, and then is cooled to room temperature along with the furnace, so that the TiN-rich ferroalloy with uniform components is obtained.
And (3) wear resistance test:
the TiN-rich iron alloy was cut into 5 cylindrical samples with a diameter of 10mm by wire cutting. And (3) grinding the tested surface of the cut sample to 2000# by using abrasive paper, polishing, cleaning and drying the surface, and carrying out an abrasion experiment by using a rotary abrasive wear testing machine, wherein 100# aluminum oxide abrasive paper is selected as an abrasive, the load is 18N, and the abrasion stroke is 2200 mm. After the end of the experiment, the average wear resistance data was obtained by weighing and calculating the wear amount of the sample using a TG328A type photoelectric analytical balance with an accuracy of 0.1mg, and the results are shown in table 1.
Hydrophobicity and coefficient of friction test:
the hydrophobicity of the TiN-rich iron alloy is measured by a contact angle tester, and the friction coefficient is measured by an MXD-02 friction coefficient tester (Jinan Languang). The results are shown in Table 1.
Example 3
(1) According to the weight percentage, the iron alloy base material comprises 2144.25g of industrial grade pure iron, 30g of pure carbon, 250g of pure chromium, 30g of pure manganese, 25g of pure silicon, 7.5g of pure nickel, 7.5g of pure tungsten, 2.5g of pure molybdenum, 2.5g of pure sulfur and 0.75g of pure phosphorus, and is prepared from 85.77% of Fe, 1.2% of C, 10% of Cr, 1.2% of Mn, 1.0% of Si, 0.3% of Ni, 0.3% of W, 0.05% of Mo, 0.1% of S and 0.03% of P. Cleaning a ferroalloy matrix raw material, uniformly mixing the raw material according to a proportion, placing the raw material into a medium-frequency induction smelting furnace, cleaning and wiping the inner wall of a smelting crucible in advance to avoid bringing other impurities, wherein the smelting temperature is 1450 ℃, the smelting time is 90 minutes, after the smelting is finished, pouring and cooling are carried out to obtain an ingot, the surface oxide skin of the ingot is removed, and then the ingot is placed into the medium-frequency induction smelting furnace again to be continuously smelted, poured and cooled; and repeating the steps of smelting, pouring and cooling for 4 times to ensure that the components of the ferroalloy matrix are uniform, thereby obtaining the ferroalloy matrix cast ingot.
(2) And (3) putting the cast ingot of the ferroalloy matrix into a muffle furnace (KL-13, Kjeldahl constant electric heating technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin) to heat to 1050 ℃ for carrying out homogenization annealing and heat preservation for 4 hours, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the ferroalloy matrix with uniform components.
(3) The ferroalloy substrate was cut into 8 pieces of 3mm thick plates by wire cutting, and the plates were stacked in a medium frequency induction melting furnace after removing the oxide skin. 250g (10% by weight of the iron alloy matrix) of TiN powder particles with a particle size of 30-50 nm and a purity of 99.5% are weighed and uniformly arranged between the plates. Starting a smelting furnace for smelting, wherein the smelting temperature is 1500 ℃, the smelting time is 30 minutes, after the smelting is finished, pouring and cooling to obtain an ingot, removing the surface oxide skin of the ingot, then putting the ingot into a medium-frequency induction smelting furnace again for continuous smelting, pouring and cooling; and repeating the steps of smelting, pouring and cooling for 5 times to ensure that the TiN-rich ferroalloy has uniform components, and obtaining the TiN-rich ferroalloy solution after the last smelting.
(4) And then pouring the molten TiN-rich iron alloy solution into a metal mold, wherein the pouring temperature is 1400 ℃, cooling the TiN-rich iron alloy to 200 ℃ after pouring, breaking the shell, taking out and cooling to room temperature to obtain the TiN-rich iron alloy ingot.
(5) When the annealing is started, 5g of tungsten carbide microspheres with the average diameter of 300 mu m and the mass of 5g (0.2 percent of the weight of the iron alloy matrix) are scattered on the surface of the TiN-rich iron alloy cast ingot, and the average distance between the microspheres is 100 mu m; the TiN-rich ferroalloy cast ingot spread with the tungsten carbide microspheres is put into a muffle furnace (KL-13, Kjeldahl constant electro-thermal technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin) to be heated to 900 ℃ for homogenizing annealing for 4 hours, and then is cooled to room temperature along with the furnace, so that the TiN-rich ferroalloy with uniform components is obtained.
And (3) wear resistance test:
the TiN-rich iron alloy was cut into 5 cylindrical samples with a diameter of 10mm by wire cutting. And (3) grinding the tested surface of the cut sample to 2000# by using abrasive paper, polishing, cleaning and drying the surface, and carrying out an abrasion experiment by using a rotary abrasive wear testing machine, wherein 100# aluminum oxide abrasive paper is selected as an abrasive, the load is 18N, and the abrasion stroke is 2200 mm. After the end of the experiment, the average wear resistance data was obtained by weighing and calculating the wear amount of the sample using a TG328A type photoelectric analytical balance with an accuracy of 0.1mg, and the results are shown in table 1.
Hydrophobicity and coefficient of friction test:
the hydrophobicity of the TiN-rich iron alloy is measured by a contact angle tester, and the friction coefficient is measured by an MXD-02 friction coefficient tester (Jinan Languang). The results are shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 1
The formula is as follows: 70% high chromium cast iron base alloy + 30% WC
The preparation method is to prepare the high-chromium cast iron-based alloy doped with 30% of WC particles according to the method provided in the research on the wear resistance of the high-chromium cast iron-based high-frequency induction overlaying layer by the WC particles.
The wear resistance of the high chromium cast iron-based alloy doped with 30% WC particles was tested as in example 1 and the results are shown in table 1.
The hydrophobicity and the friction coefficient of the high chromium cast iron-based alloy doped with 30% WC particles were measured as in example 1, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 results of product Performance testing of examples 1-3 and comparative example 1
As can be seen from Table 1:
under the same performance test method conditions, the wear of the TiN-rich iron alloy obtained in example 1 was reduced by 24%, the measured water contact angle was 136 °, the static friction coefficient was 0.21(9.35kPa), and the sliding friction coefficient was 13.5(9.35kPa), compared to the 30% WC grain-doped high chromium cast iron-based alloy in comparative example 1.
Under the same performance test method conditions, the wear of the TiN-rich iron alloy obtained in example 2 was reduced by 18%, the measured water contact angle was 117 °, the static friction coefficient was 0.32(9.35kPa), and the sliding friction coefficient was 15.4(9.35kPa), compared to the 30% WC grain-doped high chromium cast iron-based alloy of comparative example 1.
Under the same performance test method conditions, the wear of the TiN-rich iron alloy obtained in example 3 was reduced by 10%, the measured water contact angle was 102 °, the static friction coefficient was 0.38(9.35kPa), and the sliding friction coefficient was 16.8(9.35kPa), compared to the 30% WC grain-doped high chromium cast iron-based alloy of comparative example 1.
As can be seen from the above, under the same performance test method conditions, compared with the 30% WC-doped high-chromium cast iron-based alloy in the comparative example 1, the TiN-rich iron alloy obtained by the invention has the advantages that the abrasion loss is reduced by 10-24%, the static friction coefficient is reduced by 15-53%, the sliding friction coefficient is reduced by 29-43%, and the wear resistance is obviously improved. The main reason for improving the performances of abrasion resistance, static friction coefficient, sliding friction coefficient and the like is that the hard TiN particle ceramic phase with a certain proportion is doped in the iron alloy matrix, so that the abrasion resistance of the iron alloy matrix is improved. As can be seen from examples 1 to 3, when the addition ratio of TiN ceramic particles is gradually increased from 10% to 20%, the ratio of TiN particles is increased, thereby increasing the wear resistance of the alloy of the present invention. In the embodiment, after the tungsten carbide particles are added on the surface of the alloy, the micro-nano structure of the surface of the alloy is changed, so that the water contact angle of the surface is increased, the wettability is reduced, and the anti-sticking property of the surface of the alloy is improved.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of a TiN-rich iron alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) smelting an iron alloy matrix: uniformly mixing the raw materials of the ferroalloy matrix, smelting, casting and cooling to obtain a ferroalloy matrix ingot;
(2) homogenizing the components of the iron alloy matrix: carrying out homogenization annealing on the cast ingot of the ferroalloy matrix obtained in the step (1), and cooling to room temperature along with a furnace after heat preservation to obtain the ferroalloy matrix with uniform components;
(3) smelting of the TiN-rich iron alloy: cutting the ferroalloy matrix obtained in the step (2) into plates, stacking the plates, uniformly placing TiN powder particles between the plates, and smelting to obtain a TiN-rich ferroalloy solution;
(4) pouring of the TiN-rich iron alloy: pouring the TiN-rich ferroalloy solution obtained in the step (3), and cooling to obtain a TiN-rich ferroalloy cast ingot;
(5) homogenizing the components of the TiN-rich iron alloy: spraying tungsten carbide microspheres on the surface of one side of the TiN-rich iron alloy ingot obtained in the step (4), then carrying out homogenization annealing, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace after heat preservation to obtain the TiN-rich iron alloy with uniform components;
uniformly spreading smooth tungsten carbide microspheres on the surface through a particle spreader;
the TiN-rich ferroalloy is prepared from an ferroalloy matrix, TiN powder particles and tungsten carbide microspheres;
the iron alloy matrix comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
C 0.8-1.2%
Cr 5-10%
Mn 0.6-1.2%
Si 0.5-1.0%
Ni 0.1-0.3%
W 0.1-0.3%
Mo 0.05-0.1%
S 0.05-0.1%
P 0.01-0.03%
the balance of Fe.
2. The method for preparing the TiN-rich iron alloy according to claim 1, wherein the purity of the TiN powder particles is more than or equal to 99.5 percent, the average particle size is 30-50 nanometers, and the mass of the TiN powder particles is 10-20 percent of the mass of the iron alloy matrix; the diameter of the tungsten carbide microspheres is 5-500 mu m, and the mass of the tungsten carbide microspheres is 0.2-5% of that of the iron alloy matrix.
3. The method for preparing TiN-rich ferroalloy as defined in claim 1, wherein the melting temperature in the step (1) is 1450-.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the homogenizing annealing temperature in step (2) is 900-.
5. The method for preparing TiN-rich ferroalloy as defined in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the plate in the step (3) is 3mm, the melting temperature is 1500-.
6. The method for preparing TiN-rich ferroalloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the casting temperature in the step (4) is 1400-1500 ℃.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step (4) of cooling comprises cooling the poured TiN-rich Fe-alloy to 150 ℃ to 200 ℃, breaking the shell, taking out the shell, and cooling the shell to room temperature.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the tungsten carbide microspheres in step (5) is 1-100 μm, the homogenization annealing temperature is 900-1100 ℃, and the holding time is 4-8 hours.
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