CN108570624A - A kind of cerium goes bad toughening high hardness alloy and its casting method - Google Patents

A kind of cerium goes bad toughening high hardness alloy and its casting method Download PDF

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CN108570624A
CN108570624A CN201810589854.6A CN201810589854A CN108570624A CN 108570624 A CN108570624 A CN 108570624A CN 201810589854 A CN201810589854 A CN 201810589854A CN 108570624 A CN108570624 A CN 108570624A
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powder
alloy
casting
iron
ferro
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罗丰华
袁佩
黄明初
孙金达
王铸博
卢静
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Central South University
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Central South University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C33/06—Making ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of cerium goes bad toughening high hardness alloy and its casting method, and the content of alloy each element is Cr：9.0~13.0, B：2.6~2.9, C：0.7~0.9, Nb：0.4~0.8, V：The content of 0.4~0.8, Mn are less than 0.3, Ce：0.03~0.8, surplus Fe, C, B total amount is 3.3~3.6；C/Cr content ratios：0.06~0.08；The total amount of Nb, V are 0.5~1.0, get out Fe Ce first2O3Powder compact, by cast alloys after alloying ingredient, melting and Metamorphism treatment.Ingot casting HRC66.4~71.0 of the present invention, impact flexibility reach 11.8~15.6J/cm2, bending strength reaches 1216~1546MPa.

Description

A kind of cerium goes bad toughening high hardness alloy and its casting method
Technical field
The invention belongs to high-hardness and wear-resistant cast-iron fields, are related to a kind of fine hard phase and super saturated solid solution that cerium is rotten Body, martensitic matrix phase wear and corrosion resistant cast iron alloy and its component preparation method, can be widely used for electric power, metallurgy, machinery, Mechanical wearing piece manufacture in the industries such as chemical industry.
Technical background
Fe-Cr-B-C abrasion resistant casting alloys are mainly with Fe2B or M2B is hard phase, has good toughness and high rigidity, height Corrosion resistance, melting-casting manufacturability is good, has very wide application prospect.
Metamorphism treatment is to improve one of Fe-Cr-B-C alloy structures and mechanical property effective ways.Alterant is according to effect The elements such as strong carbon, nitrogen, sulfide formation element, such as Ti, V, and strong constitutional supercooling element, such as surface active element can be divided into Rare earth (RE), Mg etc..
Rare earth element is gathered on the solid growth interface of liquid, and limitation crystal grain is grown up, to improve the hardness of alloy, intensity and resistance to Mill property；And thinning microstructure, so that boride suspension shape and graininess distribution is occurred, improves impact flexibility.Research shows that：In Fe-Cr- The cerium (Ce) of addition 0.6% can make impact flexibility improve 86.4% in B-C alloys.Add the mixing alterant of 1.0% (Ce+La) Into Fe-Cr-B alloys, the hardness of alloy increases to 70.2HRC by 52HRC, and impact flexibility is by 3.36J/cm2It is increased to 6.38J/cm2。
RE Modified can rare earth alloy or rare-earth wires single Modification Manners, can also take compound modification treatment, i.e., with N, The mixture of the elements such as Ti, V, Mg, Si and rare earth is as alterant.Silicon Mg mixed rare-earth alterant is most commonly that composite inoculating Method, some researches show that：Fe-Cr-B-C alloys impact toughness after RE-Si-Mg is rotten is higher than the premise that do not go bad by 72.2%； After RE-Ti goes bad and is heat-treated, impact flexibility improves 1.8 times；Through RE-Mg go bad impact flexibility improve 34.6%；Through RE- Desmachyme all disappears after Ti-N is rotten, and toughness improves 133.3%；After RE-Mg-V-Ti Metamorphism treatments, impact flexibility Reach 15.6J/cm2；After RE-Ti-Si-V Metamorphism treatments, impact flexibility reaches 12J/cm2More than.
These using the method for RE Modified all there are one common difficulty, i.e. the pure rare earth, rare earth alloy of high activity or multiple Close rare earth material.Due to the high activity of rare earth so that the tissue of alloy, performance are difficult to control after alterant itself or Metamorphism treatment System, modification effect are difficult to ensure.
Document 1：LM cathodes research-emission principle and present Research [D] Beijing University of Technology, 2001：pp44-50.Carbonization La2O3The chemical balance of-Mo alloys：
3Mo2C(s)+La2O3(s)=2La (s, l)+3CO (g)+6Mo
Due to Mo2The effect of C, the reduction reaction free enthalpy variation for generating simple substance La is small very much, to reaction product La With the also high 10 several orders of magnitude of the equilibrium partial pressure of CO.When temperature is higher than 1673K, i.e., 1400 DEG C, CO partial pressures are less than E-9atm When, reaction equation can carry out to the right automatically, i.e. reduction generates simple substance La.
Patent document 2：The antifriction alloy hardness of Authorization Notice No. CN 105695884B, preparation are HRC66~70, impact 4~9J/cm of toughness2.The hardness of such alloy is higher, but impact flexibility is insufficient, and intensity index is relatively low, and bending strength is relatively low, 346~477MPa ranges limit the occasion that the Alloyapplication is big in some external loads, impact resistance is needed to act on.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of rotten toughening high hardness alloy of cerium and its casting methods.This method uses Ce2O3For alterant, carbide, boride in high temperature melting state Fe-Cr-B-C alloys, which have, promotes high activity Ce elements The thermodynamic condition of formation, and form compound containing Ce in C, B so that there is suspension in casting alloy structure refinement, carbon boride Shape and presentation graininess distribution, to improve impact flexibility.
Due to Ce2O3Powder density is very low, and being added directly into melt can float with clinker and cause Ce loss of elements, to Modification effect is lost, therefore the present invention uses Ce2O3Powder and iron powder after mixing, are molded into powder compact, then with Fe-Cr- B-C casting alloys melt together.Ce2O3The weight ratio of powder and iron powder substantially 1:5~20, that is, formed Fe-4.06~ The mixing briquetting of 14.23wt.%Ce.The too high levels of the too low then Fe of Ce amounts, can influence burdening calculation；And Ce too high levels Then green compact forming difficulty.Wherein Ce2O3Powder is white amorphous powder, Ce2O3Content is more than 99.0%, therefore to its purity It is not strict with granularity.Fe powder is reduction Fe powder or water atomization Fe powder, can contain the alloy in modified cast iron in Fe powder Element in element or impurity ranges, such as Ni, V, Cr, being subject to does not influence briquette forming and influence burdening calculation.
The high-wearing feature for the patent document 2 that the present invention selects, high corrosion-resistant Fe-Cr-B-C alloys are basic alloy, then are added Add 0.03~0.8%Ce elements rotten.The multi-element eutectic alloy containing elements such as Fe, Cr, B, C, Nb, V, Ce is formed, each element Mass percentage is Cr：9.0~13.0, B：2.6~2.9, C：0.7~0.9, Nb：0.4~0.8, V：0.4~0.8, Mn's Content is less than 0.3, Ce：0.03~0.8, S, P：≤ 0.01, surplus Fe.Wherein C, B summation：3.3~3.6；C/Cr mass ratioes： 0.06~0.08；The summation of Nb, V are 0.5~1.0.
With reference to patent document 2, it is specific prepare alloy when, can be used ferrochrome (high-carbon, middle carbon, micro- carbon), ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, Vanadium iron, pure iron, etc. according to component requirements dispensing.Raw material and its composition are listed in table 1.
Table 1 can be applied to prepare the raw material and composition of invention alloy
The material composition of table 1 is not unique, and specific ingredient raw material obtained by reality determine.Wherein ferrochrome, Crome metal, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium and vanadium iron provide the content of Cr, B, Nb and V of invention alloy, and high carbon ferro-chrome is used for balancing C content.It is pure Iron can be electrical pure iron, electromagnetic pure iron or ingot iron.
The method specifically comprises the following steps：
(1)Fe-Ce2O3Powder compact prepares
Using iron powder and Ce2O3Powder after mixing, is molded into powder compact.Ce2O3The weight ratio of powder and iron powder is substantially 1：5~20, that is, form the Fe-Ce of Fe-4.06~14.23wt.%Ce2O3Mix briquetting.The carrier to go bad as Rare-Earth Ce.
(2) alloying ingredient, melting and Metamorphism treatment
After weighing good corresponding raw material according to the component requirements proportioning of Fe-Cr-B-C alloys, then add 0.03~0.8%Ce Element is rotten.First by Fe-Ce2O3Powder compact is positioned over furnace bottom, be then placed in ferrochrome, crome metal, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron and Pure iron.Induction furnace, vaccum sensitive stove etc. can be used carry out melting and prepares alloy.Fusion temperature is higher than 1520~1620 DEG C；Then it drops Low furnace power, after melt temperature is down to 1320~1380 DEG C, with the fine aluminium deoxidation of dispensing total amount 0.1~0.15%；Continue Heat preservation stands about 5~10 minutes.
(3) it casts
Ranging from 1280~1320 DEG C of cast temperature.Designed alloy has deep eutectic ingredient, is molded in normal sands Non-equilibrium matrix can be formed under the conditions of making, such as amorphous, nanocrystalline or martensitic structure.Since designed alloy is total Brilliant ingredient, melt have good mobility fine, can casting and forming by various methods, such as normal sands Mold casting or The special casting method such as model casting, lost foam casting, permanent mold casting, ceramic mold casting, die casting, centrifugal casting.From solidification Temperature should be not less than 60 DEG C/min to the cooling velocity between 600 DEG C, but volume can be caused to become since non-equilibrium transformation occurs Change, lead to stress cracking phenomenon since temperature is inconsistent when preparing heavy castings, casting should be between 600~800 DEG C Release the constraint of mold.Stress relief annealing technique and necessary machining processes less than 600 DEG C subsequently can be used in ingot casting.
Step (1) described iron powder is purity >=98.5%, the reduced iron powder or purity >=99.0% of -100 mesh of granularity, grain Spend the water-atomized iron powder of -100 mesh, or quite granularity contains a small amount of alloy iron powder for not influencing casting alloy ingredient.Also may be used To select the powder of smaller particle size, the compact strength with follow-up dispensing and furnace charge preparation is not influenced can be pressed by being subject to.
Step (1) is described to be uniformly mixed into mixed cartridge type batch mixing, V-type batch mixing or stir mixing, substantial uniform to realize .
Step (1) described green compact is die forming, and pressing pressure is 100~600MPa, and green compact size is unlimited.It can also adopt Take isostatic cool pressing method.
Step (2) is by Fe-Ce2O3The purpose that powder compact is positioned over furnace bottom is：The substances such as ferrochrome, ferro-boron have than pure The low fusion temperature of iron, therefore can preferentially melt and be impregnated into the Fe-Ce of bottom2O3Powder compact so that straight iron powder gradually melts Change, and releases Ce2O3Powder particle.Due to Ce2O3Density it is relatively low, about 6.20g/cm3, understand gradually upper emersion melt. Ce2O3The process that powder floats, by Fe3C、Cr3C2Equal carbide restore to form active Ce elements, and are reacted with C, B, and formation is similar to Ce(B、C)6Compound.By the metamorphism of Ce, the reticular structure and Needle-shaped boride of distribution along crystal boundary disappear, and alloy is by first Brilliant matrix phase and eutectic structure composition, this eutectic structure, which is interted by tiny matrix phase with hard phase, to be formed so that alloy Intensity and impact flexibility are improved.
Ce2O3The CO gases formed in powder floating, reaction process also have the effect of degasification, slagging-off, to which further purification is molten Body.
If Ce2O3Powder is not previously prepared to be positioned over furnace bottom at briquetting, then is easy to float to bath surface, melt table rapidly Face oxygen content is high, Ce2O3It is not easy to be reduced to form active Ce, and loses modification effect.
The Fe3C、Cr3C2Equal carbide are formed by C and Fe element reactions when high carbon ferro-chrome and fusing, due to Fe3C、 Cr3C2The stability of equal carbide at high temperature is not so good as Mo2C, and the temperature melted is more than 1400 DEG C of reactions described in document 1 Temperature, the partial pressure of CO gases is also extremely low in melt；And the property of Ce and La is much like, thus it is similar to document 1, it generates and lives The reduction reaction of property Ce can carry out.EDS energy spectrum analysis, which also indicates that, contains Ce elements in casting alloy object phase.
Casting described in step (3) also can realize casting by placing the means such as chill in water cooling, swage, mold, with into One step promotes matrix that non-equilibrium transformation occurs, and forms high hardness martensitic.
The Fe-Cr-B-C alloys that the Ce Modification Manners of the present invention are not limited to, can also be applied to other cast irons and C content are higher Smelting iron and steel is rotten, micronization processes.
The present invention be mainly characterized by directly use Ce2O3Powder is mixed with iron powder, forms powder compact, rotten as Ce elements Carrier.Utilize Fe in Fe-Cr-B-C alloy high-temp melts3C、Cr3C2The reduction of equal carbide forms active Ce elements, and It is reacted with C, B, is formed and be similar to Ce (B, C)6Compound, avoid the occurrence of that boride is netted and acicular texture, promote tiny total Crystalline substance organizes the formation of, and plays the rotten toughening effect of thinning microstructure.The matrix of ingot structure is mutually that Cr, B, C with high rigidity are strong The non-equilibrium microstructure of change；Hard phase is boron, the carbon compound of high rigidity, and tiny eutectic structure is mutually formed with matrix.Ingot casting is whole Body hardness reaches HRC66.4~71.0, and impact flexibility reaches 11.8~15.6J/cm2, bending strength reaches 1216~ 1546MPa。
Description of the drawings
3 cast sturcture of Fig. 1 present examples schemes；
3 casting alloy X-ray diffracting spectrum of Fig. 2 present examples；
The EDS collection of illustrative plates and ingredient of 3 casting matrix phase of Fig. 3 present examples.
Specific implementation mode
The various method of smelting of the present invention, casting method are not limited by following examples, and any right in the present invention is wanted The improvement in range and variation for asking book claimed are all within protection scope of the present invention.
Select high carbon ferro-chrome, chromic carbide iron, crome metal, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron, ingot iron, straight iron powder, Ce2O3It is powder, pure Aluminium etc. is raw material, and alloy is configured in the composition range that invention requires.
Embodiment 1. uses iron powder and Ce2O3Powder after mixing, is molded into powder compact.Ce2O3The weight of powder and iron powder Than substantially 1:5, that is, form the Fe-Ce of Fe-14.23wt.%Ce2O3Mix briquetting.The carrier to go bad as Rare-Earth Ce.
Select high carbon ferro-chrome, chromic carbide iron, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron, ingot iron and above-mentioned Fe-Ce2O3Mixing briquetting is Raw material, composition range are as follows：Cr:10.0wt.%；B:2.9wt.%；C:0.7wt.%；Nb:0.4wt.%；V:0.2wt.%； Ce:0.8wt.%；Impurity element control is shown in Table 2.The impurity such as a small amount of Al, Mn, N will not cause alloy property essence to change, because This is unlisted in table 2.
After weighing good corresponding raw material according to component requirements proportioning, using induction melting and sand mold die cast.Specific steps For：
By Fe-Ce2O3Powder compact is positioned over furnace bottom, is then placed in ferrochrome, crome metal, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron and pure iron. Fusion temperature is 1620 DEG C；Until completely melted, furnace power is reduced, after melt temperature is down to 1380 DEG C, with dispensing total amount 0.15% fine aluminium deoxidation；Continue heat preservation and stands about 10 minutes.
Ranging from 1320 DEG C of cast temperature.About 6 minutes after having cast, sand mould is opened, ingot casting temperature is less than 800 at this time DEG C, from setting temperature to 800 DEG C cooling rate be about 70 DEG C/min.It is air-cooled to room temperature.
Gained ingot casting integral hardness reaches HRC68.2, and impact flexibility reaches 13.2J/cm2, bending strength reaches 1218MPa。
Embodiment 2. uses iron powder and Ce2O3Powder after mixing, is molded into powder compact.Ce2O3The weight of powder and iron powder Than substantially 1:20, that is, form the Fe-Ce of Fe-4.06wt.%Ce2O3Mix briquetting.The carrier to go bad as Rare-Earth Ce.
Select high carbon ferro-chrome, crome metal, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, ingot iron and above-mentioned Fe-Ce2O3Mixing briquetting is raw material, at Divide range as follows：Cr:10.0wt.%；B:2.7wt.%；C:0.7wt.%；Nb:0.5wt.%；Ce:0.03wt.%；Impurity member Element control is shown in Table 2.The impurity such as a small amount of Al, Mn, N will not cause alloy property essence to change, therefore unlisted in table 2.
After weighing good corresponding raw material according to component requirements proportioning, vacuum induction melting and the casting of water cooling swage can be used It makes.The specific steps are：
By Fe-Ce2O3Powder compact is positioned over furnace bottom, is then placed in ferrochrome, crome metal, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium and pure iron.Fusing Temperature is 1520 DEG C；Until completely melted, furnace power is reduced, after melt temperature is down to 1320 DEG C, with dispensing total amount 0.1% Fine aluminium deoxidation；Continue heat preservation and stands about 5 minutes.
Ranging from 1280 DEG C of cast temperature.About 10 minutes after having cast, water cooling swage is opened, ingot casting temperature is less than at this time 600 DEG C, from setting temperature to 600 DEG C cooling rate be about 70 DEG C/min.It is air-cooled to room temperature.
Gained ingot casting integral hardness reaches HRC69.3, and impact flexibility reaches 14.5J/cm2, bending strength reaches 1306MPa。
Embodiment 3. uses iron powder and Ce2O3Powder after mixing, is molded into powder compact.Ce2O3The weight of powder and iron powder Than substantially 1:10, that is, form the Fe-Ce of Fe-7.76wt.%Ce2O3Mix briquetting.The carrier to go bad as Rare-Earth Ce.
Select high carbon ferro-chrome, chromic carbide iron, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, ingot iron and above-mentioned Fe-Ce2O3Mixing briquetting is raw material, Composition range is as follows：Cr：10.0wt.%；B：2.7wt.%；C:0.8wt.%；Nb:0.6wt.%；Ce:0.6wt.%；Impurity Control of element is shown in Table 2.The impurity such as a small amount of Al, Mn, N will not cause alloy property essence to change, therefore unlisted in table 2.
After good corresponding raw material being weighed according to component requirements proportioning, using induction melting and model casting, the specific steps are：
By Fe-Ce2O3Powder compact is positioned over furnace bottom, is then placed in ferrochrome, crome metal, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron and pure iron. Fusion temperature is 1580 DEG C；Until completely melted, furnace power is reduced, after melt temperature is down to 1320 DEG C, with dispensing total amount 0.12% fine aluminium deoxidation；Continue heat preservation and stands about 8 minutes.
Ranging from 1280 DEG C of cast temperature.About 10 minutes after having cast, sand mold fusible pattern is opened, ingot casting temperature is less than at this time 700 DEG C, from setting temperature to 700 DEG C cooling rate be about 60 DEG C/min.It is air-cooled to room temperature.
Fig. 1 is casting alloy tissue, and based on Fe primary phases and eutectic phase, wherein eutectic phase is Fe phases and boron, carbon compound The eutectic structure of object；Fig. 2 is the X-ray diffracting spectrum of casting alloy, and display alloy substrate is α-Fe phases, and diffraction maximum is wider, And it is wider nearby at 65 °, therefore be the martensitic phase for having a large amount of Cr solid solutions, carbon, boron compound Fe2B、Fe3C and Cr23C6For base The complex chemical compound of plinth, and show Ce (B, C)6Compound exists；Fig. 3 is casting alloy matrix phase EDS collection of illustrative plates and analysis As a result, as a result EDS can only show in alloy there are Ce elements in the qualitative analysis of ingredient, illustrate Ce2O3Work is produced with melt With, make Ce elements occur alloying, play melt metamorphism.
Gained ingot casting integral hardness reaches HRC70.5, and impact flexibility reaches 12.1J/cm2, bending strength reaches 1246MPa。
Embodiment 4. uses iron powder and Ce2O3Powder after mixing, is molded into powder compact.Ce2O3The weight of powder and iron powder Than substantially 1:15, that is, form the Fe-Ce of Fe-5.34wt.%Ce2O3Mix briquetting.The carrier to go bad as Rare-Earth Ce.
Select high carbon ferro-chrome, crome metal, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron, ingot iron and above-mentioned Fe-Ce2O3It is original to mix briquetting Material, composition range are as follows：Cr：11.0wt.%；B：2.7wt.%；C:0.7wt.%；Nb:0.2wt.%；V:0.4wt.%；Ce: 0.5wt.%；Impurity element control is shown in Table 2.The impurity such as a small amount of Al, Mn, N will not cause alloy property essence to change, therefore not It is listed in Table 2.
After good corresponding raw material being weighed according to component requirements proportioning, using induction melting and sand casting, the specific steps are：
By Fe-Ce2O3Powder compact is positioned over furnace bottom, is then placed in ferrochrome, crome metal, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron and pure iron. Fusion temperature is 1600 DEG C；Until completely melted, furnace power is reduced, after melt temperature is down to 1340 DEG C, with dispensing total amount 0.13% fine aluminium deoxidation；Continue heat preservation and stands about 9 minutes.
Ranging from 1300 DEG C of cast temperature.About 7 minutes after having cast, sand mould is opened, ingot casting temperature is less than 800 at this time DEG C, from setting temperature to 800 DEG C cooling rate be about 60 DEG C/min.It is air-cooled to room temperature.
Gained ingot casting integral hardness reaches HRC67.6, and impact flexibility reaches 11.8J/cm2, bending strength reaches 1459MPa。
Embodiment 5. uses iron powder and Ce2O3Powder after mixing, is molded into powder compact.Ce2O3The weight of powder and iron powder Than substantially 1:12, that is, form the Fe-Ce of Fe-6.57wt.%Ce2O3Mix briquetting.The carrier to go bad as Rare-Earth Ce.
Select high carbon ferro-chrome, chromic carbide iron, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron, ingot iron and above-mentioned Fe-Ce2O3Mixing briquetting is Raw material, composition range are as follows：Cr：10.0wt.%；B：2.6wt.%；C：0.6wt.%；Nb：0.3wt.%；V：0.1wt.%； Ce:0.2wt.%；Impurity element control is shown in Table 2.The impurity such as a small amount of Al, Mn, N will not cause alloy property essence to change, because This is unlisted in table 2.
After weighing good corresponding raw material according to component requirements proportioning, using induction melting and lost foam casting, specific steps It is as follows：
By Fe-Ce2O3Powder compact is positioned over furnace bottom, is then placed in ferrochrome, crome metal, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron and pure iron. Fusion temperature is 1620 DEG C；Until completely melted, furnace power is reduced, after melt temperature is down to 1345 DEG C, with dispensing total amount 0.12% fine aluminium deoxidation；Continue heat preservation and stands about 6 minutes.
Ranging from 1285 DEG C of cast temperature.About 8 minutes after having cast, disappearance model sand mold is opened, ingot casting temperature is less than at this time 700 DEG C, from setting temperature to 700 DEG C cooling rate be about 70 DEG C/min.It is air-cooled to room temperature.
Gained ingot casting integral hardness reaches HRC66.4, and impact flexibility reaches 15.6J/cm2, bending strength reaches 1216MPa。
Embodiment 6. uses iron powder and Ce2O3Powder after mixing, is molded into powder compact.Ce2O3The weight of powder and iron powder Than substantially 1:8, that is, form the Fe-Ce of Fe-9.48wt.%Ce2O3Mix briquetting.The carrier to go bad as Rare-Earth Ce.
Select high carbon ferro-chrome, chromic carbide iron, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, ingot iron and above-mentioned Fe-Ce2O3Mixing briquetting is raw material, Composition range is as follows：Cr：10.0wt.%；B：2.6wt.%；C：0.8wt.%；Nb：0.8wt.%；Ce:0.3wt.%；Impurity Control of element is shown in Table 2.The impurity such as a small amount of Al, Mn, N will not cause alloy property essence to change, therefore unlisted in table 2.
It is specific to walk using vacuum induction melting and iron mould casting after weighing good corresponding raw material according to component requirements proportioning It is rapid as follows：
By Fe-Ce2O3Powder compact is positioned over furnace bottom, is then placed in ferrochrome, crome metal, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron and pure iron. Fusion temperature is 1590 DEG C；Until completely melted, furnace power is reduced, after melt temperature is down to 1335 DEG C, with dispensing total amount 0.14% fine aluminium deoxidation；Continue heat preservation and stands about 7 minutes.
Ranging from 1290 DEG C of cast temperature.About 10 minutes after having cast, swage is opened, ingot casting temperature is less than 600 DEG C at this time, Cooling rate from setting temperature to 600 DEG C is about 70 DEG C/min.It is air-cooled to room temperature.
Gained ingot casting integral hardness reaches HRC71, and impact flexibility reaches 13.8J/cm2, bending strength reaches 1306MPa.
Embodiment 7. uses iron powder and Ce2O3Powder after mixing, is molded into powder compact.Ce2O3The weight of powder and iron powder Than substantially 1:9, that is, form the Fe-Ce of Fe-8.54wt.%Ce2O3Mix briquetting.The carrier to go bad as Rare-Earth Ce.
Select high carbon ferro-chrome, chromic carbide iron, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron, ingot iron and above-mentioned Fe-Ce2O3Mixing briquetting is Raw material, composition range are as follows：Cr：11.0wt.%；B：2.6wt.%；C：0.9wt.%；Nb：0.2wt.%；V：0.2wt.%； Ce:0.10wt.%；Impurity element control is shown in Table 2.The impurity such as a small amount of Al, Mn, N will not cause alloy property essence to change, because This is unlisted in table 2.
After weighing good corresponding raw material according to component requirements proportioning, induction melting and lost foam casting can be used.Specific step It is rapid as follows：
By Fe-Ce2O3Powder compact is positioned over furnace bottom, is then placed in ferrochrome, crome metal, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron and pure iron. Fusion temperature is 1610 DEG C；Until completely melted, furnace power is reduced, after melt temperature is down to 1340 DEG C, with dispensing total amount 0.13% fine aluminium deoxidation；Continue heat preservation and stands about 8 minutes.
Ranging from 1290 DEG C of cast temperature.About 9 minutes after having cast, disappearance model sand mold is opened, ingot casting temperature is less than at this time 600 DEG C, from setting temperature to 600 DEG C cooling rate be about 70 DEG C/min.It is air-cooled to room temperature.
Gained ingot casting integral hardness reaches HRC68.9, and impact flexibility reaches 12.2J/cm2, bending strength reaches 1408MPa。
Embodiment 8. uses iron powder and Ce2O3Powder after mixing, is molded into powder compact.Ce2O3The weight of powder and iron powder Than substantially 1:16, that is, form the Fe-Ce of Fe-5.02wt.%Ce2O3Mix briquetting.The carrier to go bad as Rare-Earth Ce.
Select high carbon ferro-chrome, chromic carbide iron, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron, ingot iron and above-mentioned Fe-Ce2O3Mixing briquetting is Raw material, composition range are as follows：Cr：13.0wt.%；B：2.6wt.%；C：0.8wt.%；Nb：0.6wt.%；V：0.4wt.%； Ce:0.42wt.%；Impurity element control is shown in Table 2.The impurity such as a small amount of Al, Mn, N will not cause alloy property essence to change, because This is unlisted in table 2.
After weighing good corresponding raw material according to component requirements proportioning, using induction melting and lost foam casting, specific steps It is as follows：
By Fe-Ce2O3Powder compact is positioned over furnace bottom, is then placed in ferrochrome, crome metal, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron and pure iron. Fusion temperature is 1600 DEG C；Until completely melted, furnace power is reduced, after melt temperature is down to 1330 DEG C, with dispensing total amount 0.12% fine aluminium deoxidation；Continue heat preservation and stands about 6 minutes.
Ranging from 1300 DEG C of cast temperature.About 9 minutes after having cast, disappearance model sand mold is opened, ingot casting temperature is less than at this time 700 DEG C, from setting temperature to 700 DEG C cooling rate be about 60 DEG C/min.It is air-cooled to room temperature.
Gained ingot casting integral hardness reaches HRC69, and impact flexibility reaches 15.0J/cm2, bending strength reaches 1432MPa.
Casting alloy performance detection prepared by each embodiment is as described below：
1. pair example casting metal carries out hardness test using HR-150A Rockwell hardness machines, load 150Kg makes a call to five It is averaged after point, is listed in table 2.
2. pair example casting metal carries out impact flexibility test using JBS-300B shock machines, range 150J is beaten It is averaged after five samples, is listed in table 2.
3. pair example casting metal material electronics universal testing machine carries out three-point bending resistance experiment, sample size is 2 × 5 × The rectangular specimen of 50mm, span 30mm take the bending strength average value of three same treatment samples to be listed in table 2.
The ingredient of 2 embodiment of table and hardness, impact flexibility and bending strength

Claims (5)

  1. The toughening high hardness alloy 1. a kind of cerium goes bad, it is characterised in that：The mass percentage of alloy each element is Cr： 9.0~13.0, B：2.6~2.9, C：0.7~0.9, Nb：0.4~0.8, V：The content of 0.4~0.8, Mn are less than 0.3, Ce： 0.03~0.8, S, P：≤ 0.01, surplus Fe, wherein C, B total mass percentage is：3.3~3.6；C/Cr mass ratioes： 0.06~0.08；The gross mass percentage composition of Nb, V is：0.5~1.0.
  2. The casting method of toughening high hardness alloy 2. cerium as described in claim 1 goes bad, it is characterised in that including following Process：
    (1)Fe-Ce2O3Powder compact prepares
    Using iron powder and Ce2O3Powder after mixing, is molded into powder compact, Ce2O3The weight ratio of powder and iron powder is 1：5~20, Form the Fe-Ce of Fe-4.06~14.23wt.%Ce2O3Briquetting is mixed, the carrier to go bad as Rare-Earth Ce；
    (2) alloying ingredient, melting and Metamorphism treatment
    After weighing good corresponding raw material according to the component requirements proportioning of Fe-Cr-B-C alloys, then add 0.03~0.8%Ce elements It is rotten：First by Fe-Ce2O3Powder compact is positioned over furnace bottom, is then placed in ferrochrome, crome metal, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, vanadium iron and pure Iron prepares alloy using induction furnace melting, and fusion temperature is 1520~1620 DEG C；Then furnace power is reduced, by melt temperature 1320~1380 DEG C are down to, with the fine aluminium deoxidation of dispensing total amount 0.1~0.15%；Continue heat preservation and stands 5~10 minutes；
    (3) it casts
    Ranging from 1280~1320 DEG C of cast temperature, designed alloy has deep eutectic ingredient, in common sand casting item Non-equilibrium matrix can be formed under part, by various methods casting and forming, from setting temperature to 600 DEG C cooling speed Degree should be not less than 60 DEG C/min.
  3. The casting method of toughening high hardness alloy 3. cerium as claimed in claim 2 goes bad, it is characterised in that：It prepares large-scale When casting, casting releases the constraint of mold at 600~800 DEG C again.
  4. The casting method of toughening high hardness alloy 4. cerium as claimed in claim 2 goes bad, it is characterised in that：Step (1) The iron powder is purity >=98.5%, the reduced iron powder or purity >=99.0% of -100 mesh of granularity, the water mist of -100 mesh of granularity Change the alloy iron powder of iron powder or -100 mesh of granularity.
  5. The casting method of toughening high hardness alloy 5. cerium as claimed in claim 2 goes bad, it is characterised in that：Step (1) The green compact is die forming, and pressing pressure is 100~600MPa, or takes isostatic cool pressing method.
CN201810589854.6A 2018-06-08 2018-06-08 A kind of cerium goes bad toughening high hardness alloy and its casting method Withdrawn CN108570624A (en)

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CN201910405786.8A CN109972056B (en) 2018-06-08 2019-05-15 Cerium modified wear-resistant alloy and casting method thereof

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Application publication date: 20180925