CN111187972A - High-toughness high-hardness alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-toughness high-hardness alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C22C37/08—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium with nickel
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Abstract
A high-toughness high-hardness alloy and a preparation method thereof are disclosed, wherein the alloy comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 4.1 to 4.9, Ni: 0.7 to 1.3, B: 1.3-1.6, C: 0.56-0.65, Mn: 0.5 to 1.0, Si: 1.0 or less, P: less than or equal to 0.1, S: less than or equal to 0.06 percent, and the balance being iron. Firstly, melting raw materials at 1500-1650 ℃ to fully melt pure iron, ferrochromium and metallic nickel; reducing the temperature of the melt to 1300-1350 ℃, and deoxidizing with pure aluminum accounting for 0.1-0.15% of the total amount of the ingredients; and continuously keeping the temperature for about 5-10 minutes, and quickly casting the alloy when the temperature of the melt is 1250-1320 ℃. The cast ingot has the integral hardness of HRC 56-62 and the impact toughness of 6.0-9.0J/cm2The bending strength reaches 1320-1560 MPa, and is superior to the impact toughness and the bending strength of high-chromium alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of high-hardness wear-resistant cast iron, and relates to wear-resistant cast iron containing a reticular boride and a martensite matrix phase and a preparation method thereof, which can be widely used for manufacturing mechanical wear-resistant parts in the industries of electric power, metallurgy, machinery, chemical industry, mines, traffic and the like.
Technical Field
The high-chromium cast iron is a short name of high-chromium white wear-resistant cast iron, and is a wear-resistant material with excellent performance and special attention; it has much higher wear resistance than alloy steel, much higher toughness and strength than common white cast iron, and simultaneously has good high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance, convenient production and moderate cost, thus being praised as one of the most excellent wear-resistant materials. The application conditions of the high-chromium cast iron in the aspects of ball mills, slurry pumps, cement mill grinding roller lining plates and the like are as follows:
the ball mill is the main equipment of the grinding process in the industries of cement, electric power, mine and the like, and the grinding ball is one of the main wearing parts of the ball mill. The grinding ball has high wear resistance and high toughness. The grinding ball is made of self-developed extra-high chromium wear-resistant alloy cast iron, and has good wear resistance and toughness, so that the grinding ball made of the grinding ball is applied to a ball mill in a raw material workshop of an alumina plant of the company, and has great success. When using high chromium cast iron grinding balls, the actual operating conditions must be taken into account. How to treat two pairs of contradictions of hardness and toughness of the grinding ball, hardenability and content of alloy elements is always an unsolved problem in practical production, and generally, the hardness is high, the toughness is low, and the breakage rate is high; the high content of the alloying elements increases the hardenability but increases the cost.
The slurry pump is widely applied to conveying high-concentration slurry in mining, metallurgy, thermal power generation, coal, chemical industry, environmental protection and other industrial and mining departments, and the four overflowing parts such as a volute, an impeller, a front guard plate, a rear guard plate and the like not only bear the scouring wear of materials in the working process, but also bear the corrosion action of the slurry, and the operation working condition is extremely severe, so that the overflowing part becomes a common vulnerable part in the metallurgical and mining industries. The flow passage components of the slurry pump at home and abroad are mainly made of stainless steel, high-chromium cast iron and nickel hard cast iron. The high-chromium cast iron is an ideal candidate material for the flow passage piece of the slurry pump, and the optimal use effect of the flow passage piece under different industrial and mining conditions can be obtained by adjusting or selecting the content levels of carbon and chromium.
The high-chromium cast iron lining plate for the cement grinding roller has unsatisfactory hardenability and wear resistance for thick and large parts, and is only suitable for castings with effective sections of 100-140 mm. The thick and large-section grinding roller lining plate needs a high-chromium cast iron variety with certain impact resistance and is used for a large-scale cement vertical mill.
The good wear resistance of high-chromium cast iron depends mainly on the matrix structure and the type and distribution characteristics of carbides. The high-chromium cast iron is a multi-element alloy with Fe, Cr and C as basic components. The matrix of the as-solidified high chromium cast iron is austenite which is stable when heated to a relatively high temperature and is saturated with elements such as C, Cr. As the temperature is lowered, austenite will transform. Under the normal condition, the high-chromium cast iron has a multi-phase structure mainly comprising austenite, and the cast iron with the structure can better exert the potential of the material when being used at high temperature.
The high-chromium cast iron is a chromium white cast iron with chromium content of 12-28%, and the large amount of chromium is added to make M in the white iron3Carbide of type C to M7C3A type carbide. The alloy carbide is hard, and the high-chromium cast iron is endowed with good wear resistance. On the other hand, during the solidification process M7C3The shaped carbide is in rod-shaped isolated distribution, so that the toughness of the high-chromium cast iron is improved to a certain extent.
National standard for antiwear white cast iron (GB/T8263-87) of China stipulates the grade, components, hardness, heat treatment process and use characteristics of high-chromium white cast iron. Typical ingredients and properties are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 common chemical composition and Heat treatment Properties of high-chromium wear-resistant cast iron
Hardness and impact toughness are key technical indexes of high-chromium cast iron, and Cr and C elements are added in large quantity to improve hardness so as to form M with high hardness7C3Carbide type, but at the same time, the toughness of the alloy is reduced. In order to improve the toughness of high-chromium cast iron, expensive metal element molybdenum is often required to be added, thereby increasing the raw material cost of the alloy. A large number of alloying methods and techniques are used to improve the impact toughness of high-chromium cast irons, but it is difficult to obtainA substantial change.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-toughness high-hardness alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein B is used for replacing C to form a net structure M2The B hard phase and the matrix are high-hardness martensite phases, have good toughness and high-hardness characteristics, and have very wide prospects in the aspects of ball mills, slurry pumps, cement mill roller liners and the like.
The invention selects high-toughness and high-hardness FeCrNiBC alloy, which is multi-element eutectic alloy containing Fe, Cr, Ni, B, C and other elements, wherein the mass percent of each element is Cr: 4.1 to 4.9, Ni: 0.7 to 1.3, B: 1.3-1.6, C: 0.56-0.65, Mn: 0.5 to 1.0, Si: 1.0 or less, P: less than or equal to 0.1, S: less than or equal to 0.06 percent, and the balance being iron. Wherein Mn and Si are beneficial impurity elements, and P, S is a harmful impurity element.
Preferably, the mass percentage of the Ni element is as follows: 1.0 to 1.3.
Preferably, the Cr element comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 4.6 to 4.9.
Preferably, the total mass percentage of the B element and the C element is 2.0-2.2.
B has low solubility in iron matrix and is easy to form M with Fe and Cr elements2B compound, M represents Fe and Cr elements, and the addition of Cr: 4.1-4.9% and B: 1.3-1.6%, mainly for obtaining a high-hardness net structure M2And B, organizing.
The content of C is 0.56-0.65%, the matrix structure is mainly in a mixed phase transformation area of lath martensite and sheet martensite when undergoing martensite phase transformation, and the martensite phase transformation is easy to occur in the area and has better toughness.
Ni is a matrix phase solid solution strengthening element, and 0.7-1.3% of Ni in the sinter-hardened steel can promote martensite phase transformation and also can play a role in strengthening the matrix phase in a solid solution mode.
The contents of other Mn, Si, P and S impurities refer to the standard of high-chromium alloy, and the method is favorable for industrial production and batching.
When the alloy is prepared specifically, ferrochrome (high carbon, medium carbon and micro carbon), ferroboron, nickel blocks, pure iron and the like can be adopted to be prepared according to the component requirements. The raw materials and their components are listed in table 2.
TABLE 2 raw materials and compositions applicable to the preparation of the alloys of the invention
The raw material components of table 2 are not exclusive, and the specific components are determined by the raw materials that are actually available. Wherein the ferrochrome, the metal chromium, the ferroboron and the nickel block provide the Cr, B and Ni contents of the alloy, and the high-carbon ferrochrome is used for balancing the C content. The pure iron can be electrician pure iron, electromagnetic pure iron or industrial pure iron, and the industrial scrap steel can also be used as the raw material of Fe.
The specific smelting and casting process comprises the following steps:
after the corresponding raw materials are weighed according to the component requirement, an induction furnace, a vacuum induction furnace and the like can be adopted for smelting and preparing the alloy. Firstly, melting ferrochrome (high carbon, medium carbon and micro carbon), ferroboron, nickel blocks and pure iron at 1500-1650 ℃ so as to fully melt the pure iron, the ferrochrome and the metallic nickel; then reducing the power of the electric furnace, reducing the temperature of the melt to 1300-1350 ℃, and deoxidizing by using pure aluminum accounting for 0.1-0.15% of the total amount of the ingredients; and continuously keeping the temperature for about 5-10 minutes, and quickly casting the alloy when the temperature of the melt is 1250-1320 ℃.
The casting method can refer to the production method of high-chromium cast iron, and can select a proper method for casting and forming according to application requirements and the shape and size of a casting, such as common sand mold casting or investment casting, lost foam casting, metal mold casting, ceramic mold casting, die casting, centrifugal casting and other special casting methods. The ingot casting does not need to be quenched, and the subsequent stress relief annealing process with the temperature lower than 600 ℃ and the necessary machining process can be adopted for the ingot casting.
The main characteristic of the invention is that B element is used to replace part of C element to form high hardness and high toughness net borideMeanwhile, Ni and C are used for controlling the hardness of the matrix phase, so that the high-hardness casting alloy is formed. The cast ingot has fine structure, and the impact toughness and the bending strength of the alloy are improved. The integral hardness of the cast ingot reaches HRC 56-62, and the impact toughness reaches 6.0-9.0J/cm2The bending strength reaches 1320-1560 MPa. The alloy has hardness slightly higher than that of high chromium alloy, but has impact toughness and bending strength superior to that of high chromium alloy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 cast structure of example 1 of the invention;
FIG. 2 example 2 of the invention cast an enlarged texture;
FIG. 3 example 3 of the present invention shows a fracture scanning morphology of a casting.
Detailed Description
The various melting and casting methods of the present invention are not limited by the following examples, and any modifications and variations within the scope of the claims of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
High-carbon ferrochrome, micro-carbon ferrochrome, metal chromium, ferroboron, metal nickel, industrial pure iron and the like are selected as raw materials and are prepared into the alloy within the component range required by the invention.
Example 1 after weighing the corresponding raw materials according to the component requirements, smelting in an induction furnace to prepare the alloy. Firstly, melting ferrochrome (high carbon, medium carbon and micro carbon), ferroboron, nickel blocks and industrial pure iron at 1500 ℃ to fully melt the pure iron, the ferrochrome and the metallic nickel; then reducing the power of the electric furnace, reducing the temperature of the melt to 1300 ℃, and deoxidizing by using pure aluminum accounting for 0.15 percent of the total amount of the ingredients; and keeping the temperature for about 10 minutes, and quickly casting the alloy when the temperature of the melt is 1250 ℃. The mass percentage of each element of the FeCrNiBC casting alloy is Cr: 4.9, Ni: 1.3, B: 1.6, C: 0.65, Mn: 1.0, Si: 1.0, P: 0.08, S: 0.04 and the balance of iron. FIG. 1 is a metallographic structure of an alloy, the resulting alloy having a plurality of primary phases, the primary phases occupying an area which is a uniform, nearly spherical state and having a size of about 20 microns; and the primary crystal phases are distributed into a continuous network eutectic structure. The integral hardness of the cast ingot reaches HRC62, and the impact toughness reaches 6.0J/cm2Bending strength of 1320MPa。
Embodiment 2, after weighing the corresponding raw materials according to the component requirements, smelting in a vacuum induction furnace to prepare the alloy. Firstly, melting ferrochrome (high carbon, medium carbon and micro carbon), ferroboron, nickel blocks and industrial pure iron at 1650 ℃ to fully melt the pure iron, the ferrochrome and the metallic nickel; then reducing the power of the electric furnace, reducing the temperature of the melt to 1350 ℃, and deoxidizing by using pure aluminum accounting for 0.1 percent of the total amount of the ingredients; and keeping the temperature for about 5 minutes, and quickly casting the alloy when the temperature of the melt is 1320 ℃. The mass percentage of each element of the FeCrNiBC casting alloy is Cr: 4.1, Ni: 0.7, B: 1.3, C: 0.56, Mn: 0.5, Si: 0.6, P: 0.1, S: 0.06, and the balance of iron. FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the metallographic structure of the alloy, from which it can be clearly seen that the reticular eutectic structure is of two-phase composition, and does not form a single continuous structure, but the two phases are alternately present; the two phases in the eutectic structure are small in size and therefore can have good toughness. The integral hardness of the cast ingot reaches HRC56, and the impact toughness reaches 8.5J/cm2The bending strength reaches 1520 MPa.
Example 3 after weighing the corresponding raw materials according to the component requirements, smelting in an induction furnace to prepare the alloy. Firstly, melting ferrochrome (high carbon, medium carbon and micro carbon), ferroboron, nickel blocks and industrial pure iron at 1580 ℃ to fully melt the pure iron, the ferrochrome and the metallic nickel; then reducing the power of the electric furnace, reducing the temperature of the melt to 1320 ℃, and deoxidizing by using pure aluminum accounting for 0.12 percent of the total amount of the ingredients; and keeping the temperature for about 8 minutes, and quickly casting the alloy when the temperature of the melt is 1280 ℃. The mass percentage of each element of the FeCrNiBC casting alloy is Cr: 4.3, Ni: 0.8, B: 1.5, C: 0.60, Mn: 0.8, Si: 0.8, P: 0.06, S: 0.04 and the balance of iron. The integral hardness of the cast ingot reaches HRC60, and the impact toughness reaches 8.2J/cm2The bending strength reaches 1520 MPa. FIG. 3 shows the fracture morphology of the alloy, which has almost no dimple and intergranular fracture morphology, and no grain boundary cracks and holes, and the fracture surfaces are mainly fine cleavage fracture surfaces, which are uneven, and show that the fracture area is large and the toughness is high.
Example 4 after weighing the corresponding raw materials according to the required mixture ratio of the components, induction can be adoptedSmelting and preparing the alloy by a furnace, a vacuum induction furnace and the like. Firstly, melting ferrochrome (high carbon, medium carbon and micro carbon), ferroboron, nickel blocks and industrial pure iron at 1620 ℃ to fully melt the pure iron, the ferrochrome and metallic nickel; then reducing the power of the electric furnace, reducing the temperature of the melt to 1320 ℃, and deoxidizing by using pure aluminum accounting for 0.12 percent of the total amount of the ingredients; and keeping the temperature for about 9 minutes, and quickly casting the alloy when the temperature of the melt is 1300 ℃. The mass percentage of each element of the FeCrNiBC casting alloy is Cr: 4.8, Ni: 1.2, B: 1.5, C: 0.60, Mn: 0.8, Si: 0.6, P: 0.045, S: 0.04 and the balance of iron. The integral hardness of the cast ingot reaches HRC58, and the impact toughness reaches 9.0J/cm2The bending strength reaches 1500 MPa.
Example 5 after weighing the corresponding raw materials according to the required mixture ratio of the components, an induction furnace, a vacuum induction furnace and the like can be adopted to prepare the alloy by smelting. Firstly, melting ferrochrome (high carbon, medium carbon and micro carbon), ferroboron, nickel blocks and industrial pure iron at 1580 ℃ to fully melt the pure iron, the ferrochrome and the metallic nickel; then reducing the power of the electric furnace, reducing the temperature of the melt to 1320 ℃, and deoxidizing by using pure aluminum accounting for 0.138 percent of the total amount of the ingredients; and keeping the temperature for about 6 minutes, and quickly casting the alloy when the temperature of the melt is 1300 ℃. The mass percentage of each element of the FeCrNiBC casting alloy is Cr: 4.8, Ni: 1.1, B: 1.45, C: 0.62, Mn: 0.8, Si: 0.6, P: 0.08, S: 0.05 and the balance of iron. The integral hardness of the cast ingot reaches HRC61, and the impact toughness reaches 6.9J/cm2The bending strength reaches 1499 MPa.
Example 6 after weighing the corresponding raw materials according to the required mixture ratio of the components, the alloy can be prepared by smelting in an induction furnace, a vacuum induction furnace and the like. Firstly, melting ferrochrome (high carbon, medium carbon and micro carbon), ferroboron, nickel blocks and industrial pure iron at 1620 ℃ to fully melt the pure iron, the ferrochrome and metallic nickel; then reducing the power of the electric furnace, reducing the temperature of the melt to 1320 ℃, and deoxidizing by using pure aluminum accounting for 0.15% of the total amount of the ingredients; and keeping the temperature for about 9 minutes, and quickly casting the alloy when the temperature of the melt is 1280 ℃. The mass percentage of each element of the FeCrNiBC casting alloy is Cr: 4.7, Ni: 1.0, B: 1.5, C: 0.60, Mn: 0.8, Si: 0.8, P: 0.09, S: 0.06,the balance being iron. The integral hardness of the cast ingot reaches HRC61, and the impact toughness reaches 8.2J/cm2The bending strength reaches 1560 MPa.
The properties of the cast alloys prepared in the examples were measured as follows:
1. hardness tests were conducted on the cast metals of the examples using an HR-150A Rockwell hardness machine under a load of 150Kg, and the average value was taken after five points were struck.
2. The impact toughness of the cast metal of the example was tested using a JBS-300B impact tester with a measuring range of 150J, and an average value was taken after five samples were taken.
3. Three-point bending tests were conducted on an electronic universal testing machine for example cast metal materials, with sample dimensions of 2X 5X 50mm rectangular test specimens with a span of 30mm, and the bending strength of three identically treated samples was averaged.
Claims (6)
1. A high-toughness high-hardness alloy is characterized in that: the mass percentage of each element is Cr: 4.1 to 4.9, Ni: 0.7 to 1.3, B: 1.3-1.6, C: 0.56-0.65, Mn: 0.5 to 1.0, Si: 1.0 or less, P: less than or equal to 0.1, S: less than or equal to 0.06 percent, and the balance being iron.
2. The high toughness, high hardness alloy according to claim 1, wherein: the Ni element comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.0 to 1.3.
3. The high toughness, high hardness alloy according to claim 1, wherein: the Cr elements comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 4.6 to 4.9.
4. The high toughness, high hardness alloy according to claim 1, wherein: the total mass percentage of the element B and the element C is 2.0-2.2.
5. The method for producing a high toughness, high hardness alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: after weighing corresponding raw materials according to the component requirement, firstly melting the raw materials at 1500-1650 ℃ to fully melt pure iron, ferrochrome and metallic nickel; then reducing the power of the electric furnace, reducing the temperature of the melt to 1300-1350 ℃, and deoxidizing by using pure aluminum accounting for 0.1-0.15% of the total amount of the ingredients; and continuously preserving the heat for 5-10 minutes, and rapidly casting the alloy when the temperature of the melt is 1250-1320 ℃.
6. The method for producing a high toughness, high hardness alloy according to claim 5, wherein: the casting method adopts common sand mold casting, or investment casting, lost foam casting, metal mold casting, ceramic mold casting, die casting and centrifugal casting.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115449582A (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2022-12-09 | 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method of high-purity iron |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107354394A (en) * | 2017-09-11 | 2017-11-17 | 广东省材料与加工研究所 | A kind of boracic wear-resisting alloy steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN108660392A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2018-10-16 | 中南大学 | A kind of Si strengthens high hardness wear-resisting alloy and its casting method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107354394A (en) * | 2017-09-11 | 2017-11-17 | 广东省材料与加工研究所 | A kind of boracic wear-resisting alloy steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN108660392A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2018-10-16 | 中南大学 | A kind of Si strengthens high hardness wear-resisting alloy and its casting method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115449582A (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2022-12-09 | 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method of high-purity iron |
| CN115449582B (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2023-08-15 | 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method of high-purity iron |
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