CN113200995A - 化合物Sterigmatocystin及其制备方法和在杀虫农药中的应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种化合物Sterigmatocystin及其制备方法和在杀虫农药中的应用,化合物Sterigmatocystin(式I化合物)是从巴西青霉(Penicillium brasilianum)固体或液体发酵液中提取分离的,通过体外和体内杀虫实验表明其具明显的杀虫活性。化合物Sterigmatocystin作为活性成分可被广泛应用于制备针对农业害虫的农药或其他产品。该杀虫农药原于天然次生代谢产物,成本低、环境友好,具有较大的应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及天然产物化学和农药技术领域,具体地说是涉及一种化合物Sterigmatocystin及其制备方法和在杀虫农药中的应用。
背景技术
自然界生物资源中天然产物的化学结构独特新颖,具有与特定靶点专一性结合的能力和良好的生物活性,成为药物或农药研究的热点领域之一。大量研究证实天然产物是药物先导化合物的重要来源。目前临床上使用的60%抗癌药物和70%抗生素是天然产物或基于天然产物开发的药物。真菌属于“创造系数”非常高的生物体,可产生结构新颖多样,具有某种生态或生物功能的次级代谢产物,这些化合物可能成为药物或农药潜在先导化合物,这对于医药、农药的开发具有重要意义。一系列药物或农药从真菌中被先后发现,如青霉素(penicillin)、烟曲霉素(fumagillin)、恶霉灵(hymexazol)、环孢霉素(cyclosporins)、洛伐他汀(lovastatin)、唑菌胺酯(pyraclostrobin)和啶氧菌酯(picoxystrobin)等,这使人们对从真菌中继续发现新的药物或农药先导结构产生极大的期待。
纵观世界农药的创制历程可以看出,天然产物是新型绿色农药创制过程中最重要的途径之一。新的农药先导结构和新靶标创新是农药创新的基础,一个新农药先导物和一个新靶标的发现必然导致一系列新农药的创制。从天然产物特别是微生物中挖掘新型活性化合物依旧是农药开发的源头性和关键性工作。渤海作为我国唯一的半封闭式内海,水文环境稳定,为真菌提供了良好的生存条件,使其具有产生丰富次级代谢产物的物质基础。同时,辽河、海河和黄河等河流从陆上带来大量有机物质,使其成为真菌微生物含量丰富的海区。因此,渤海来源微生物次级代谢产物的研究,可视为寻找具有活性药物先导化合物的新途径。目前关于渤海海域真菌化学成分的研究相对较少,已经逐步成为结构新颖活性化合物发现的一个新宝库,这为研究与开发来源于真菌的农药先导结构提供了宝贵的源头线索。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种化合物Sterigmatocystin及其制备方法和在杀虫农药中的应用,以为杀虫农药的制备提供更多药物选择。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:一种化合物Sterigmatocystin,所述化合物具有如式(I)所示结构:
化合物Sterigmatocystin的衍生物。所述衍生物为药学上可接受的酯类、醚类、苷类及其相应的盐类。
化合物Sterigmatocystin的药学上可接受的盐。
所述化合物Sterigmatocystin的制备方法,其是用有机溶剂对巴西青霉(Penicillium brasilianum)的固体或液体发酵产物进行提取,所得提取物用硅胶柱层析、凝胶柱层析分离后得到所述化合物Sterigmatocystin。
所述有机溶剂为乙酸乙酯、乙醇、甲醇、氯仿中的至少一种。
上述化合物在杀虫农药中的应用。
含有上述化合物的组合物在杀虫农药中的应用。
所述杀虫农药的剂型为粉末、颗粒、溶液或悬浮液,杀虫农药用于预防或治疗农业害虫。
所述杀虫农药含有对杀虫有积极作用的药物成分以及药学上可接受的辅料成分。
化合物Sterigmatocystin(式I化合物)是从巴西青霉(Penicilliumbrasilianum)固体或液体发酵液中提取分离的,通过体外和体内杀虫实验表明其具明显的杀虫活性。化合物Sterigmatocystin作为活性成分可被广泛应用于制备针对农业害虫的农药或其他产品。该杀虫农药原于天然次生代谢产物,成本低、环境友好,具有较大的应用价值。
附图说明
图1:化合物Sterigmatocystin对粘虫的体内抑制活性。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的阐述,下述实施例仅作为说明,并不以任何方式限制本发明的保护范围。
在下述实施例中未详细描述的过程和方法是本领域公知的常规方法,实施例中所用试剂均为分析纯或化学纯,且均可市购或通过本领域普通技术人员熟知的方法制备。下述实施例均实现了本发明的目的。
实施例1化合物Sterigmatocystin的制备过程
所用巴西青霉(Penicillium brasilianum)采集于渤海海域海底沉积物,菌株保藏于河北大学生命科学学院。采用天然产物分离方法从巴西青霉(Penicilliumbrasilianum)的固体或液体发酵液中分离制备化合物Sterigmatocystin。具体为:将菌株接种于发酵培养基中(葡萄糖10g、蛋白胨2g、酵母膏1g、粗海盐2g、自来水1L,pH=7.0),在25℃条件下静置培养20d,过滤后用甲醇提取发酵菌体6次(5mL/g),合并提取液并减压浓缩得到粗提物浸膏。粗提物经硅胶拌样过柱(1:1,w/w),用石油醚-乙酸乙酯梯度洗脱(100:0、90:10、80:20、70:30、60:40、50:50、40:60、30:70、20:80、10:90、0:100,v/v)分成Fr.1-Fr.11个组分。其中Fr.8组分再次经过正向硅胶柱层析(石油醚:乙酸乙酯比例依次为90:10、70:30、50:50、30:70、0:100,v/v),将此次得到的石油醚-乙酸乙酯(50:50,v/v)洗脱组分经Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析(二氯甲烷/纯甲醇1:1,v/v)洗脱后,重结晶纯化得到淡黄色细针状晶。对所得产物进行鉴定,经过红外、紫外、质谱、核磁技术表征,鉴定该化合物为Sterigmatocystin。结果如下:
IR(KBr)νmax:3420,3100,2931,2850,1632,1627,1550,1460,1450cm–1;
UV(CH3COCH3),λmax/nm:329和316;
HRESIMS m/z 325.0631[M+1]+(calcd for C18H3O6,325.0634);
[α]D=-280°(c=0.30,CH3COCH3);
1H-NMR(600MHz,CD3COCD3)和13C-NMR(150MHz,CD3COCD3)如表1所示。
表1:化合物Sterigmatocystin的核磁数据(CD3COCD3)
实施例2化合物Sterigmatocystin的体外杀虫活性
利用农业害虫生长调节关键靶标(β-N-乙酰己糖胺酶、几丁质酶)对从巴西靑霉中分离得到的Sterigmatocystin进行体外抑制活性筛选。
1)β-N-乙酰己糖胺酶活性测定:在96孔酶标板中进行,将10μM待测化合物、0.2mMpNP-GlcNAc和20nM OfHex1溶解于60μL含有20%乙醇的Britton-Robinson缓冲液(pH 6.0)中。在30℃条件下孵育1h后(使底物消耗在20%以内),加入60μL 0.5MNa2CO3终止反应。用酶标仪测定405nm波长的吸光值,每次试验重复3次,计算β-N-乙酰己糖胺酶的抑制率。
2)几丁质酶活性测定:使用96孔酶标板进行试验,将20nM OfChi-h、0.2mM pNP-(GlcNAc)2和10μM待测化合物溶解于60μL含有20%乙醇的磷酸钠缓冲液(pH6.5)中。于30℃孵育适当时间后(使底物消耗在20%以内),用60μL 0.5M Na2CO3终止反应。反应释放的pNP量通过酶标仪测定405nm波长的吸光值来确定,每个化合物重复3次,计算几丁质酶的抑制率。
表2化合物Sterigmatocystin对β-N-乙酰己糖胺酶和几丁质酶的抑制活性
体外杀虫活性实验表明,从巴西靑霉中分离得到的化合物(Sterigmatocystin)具有较好的体外杀虫活性。
实施例3化合物Sterigmatocystin体内杀虫活性
1)供试昆虫:粘虫(Mythimna separata),用诱虫灯诱捕活成虫,让其产卵于室内(温度25℃,湿度70%左右),以小麦叶片或玉米叶片人工饲养繁殖,挑取大小一致的三龄幼虫,饥饿3-4h后供试。
2)杀虫活性测定-喂食法:将化合物干粉溶解于无水乙醇中,将其与饲料拌匀,使饲料中化合物浓度为5mM(1g饲料=1mL水)。对三龄第一天的幼虫进行喂食,每组喂15只,之后每天观察幼虫生长状态。结果如图1所示。(图左为空白对照,图右为化合物Sterigmatocystin处理)
由以上结果可知,化合物Sterigmatocystin对粘虫三龄幼虫具有一定的杀虫活性,但是当幼虫到达四龄和五龄时,幼虫几乎不再死亡。
综上所述,本发明所述化合物Sterigmatocystin提取于渤海来源巴西青霉,具有较好的体内外杀虫活性,可有效应用于农业害虫的防治和治疗。以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
2.权利要求1所述化合物 Sterigmatocystin的衍生物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的衍生物,其特征是,所述衍生物为药学上可接受的酯类、醚类、苷类及其相应的盐类。
4.权利要求1所述化合物 Sterigmatocystin的药学上可接受的盐。
5.一种权利要求1所述化合物Sterigmatocystin的制备方法,其特征是,用有机溶剂对巴西青霉(Penicillium brasilianum)的固体或液体发酵产物进行提取,所得提取物用硅胶柱层析、凝胶柱层析分离后得到所述化合物Sterigmatocystin。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征是,所述有机溶剂为乙酸乙酯、乙醇、甲醇、氯仿中的至少一种。
7.一种权利要求1-4任一所述化合物在杀虫农药中的应用。
8.一种含有权利要求1-4任一所述化合物的组合物在杀虫农药中的应用。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的应用,其特征是,所述杀虫农药的剂型为粉末、颗粒、溶液或悬浮液,杀虫农药用于预防或杀害农业害虫。
10.根据权利要求9所述的应用,其特征是,所述杀虫农药含有对杀虫有积极作用的药物成分以及药学上可接受的辅料成分。
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