CN113192758A - 光电转换织物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种光电转换织物及其制备方法和应用,光电转换织物,其由纱线、柔性太阳能电池板和复合胶组成,纱线包括吸湿性纱线和热塑性纱线,吸湿性纱线通过相互串套形成纬平针织物,热塑性纱线间隔串套在纬平针织物的中间部分,得到复合针织物;柔性太阳能电池板的背面通过复合胶与复合针织物的热塑性纱线部分粘结;本发明的光电转换织物被拉伸时,吸湿性纱线织成的纬平针织物是光电转换织物受力的主体,对柔性太阳能电池板损坏较小,从而增加了光电转换织物的使用寿命且避免了柔性太阳能电池板对织物柔性的限制;最后,由于柔性太阳能电池板没有完全覆盖吸湿性纱线织成的纬平针织物,使得吸湿性纱线织成的纬平针织物良好的透气性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于织物技术领域,具体涉及一种光电转换织物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
公开号为CN108767114A的中国专利公开了一种聚合物太阳能电池织物及其制备方法。此发明利用包覆有纳米二氧化锌层的钛丝做为负极,通过提拉浸涂的方法在其上分别涂覆活性层与空穴传输层,最后将涂覆好的钛丝与棉线作为经线,镀银尼龙复丝与棉线作为纬线进行100编织,形成柔性透气的聚合物太阳能电池织物。此发明制备工艺简单,成本低,制备的产物柔性好,透气性好,可作为衣服等便携的供电装置应用于人们日常生活中去。
上述发明从纱线角度去设计一种依靠太阳能来发电的太阳能电池织物,该织物具有柔性好、透气性好且能够将光能转换成电能的优点。但是,这款织物在应用时,纱线与纱线之间会有运动且纱线会产生较大磨损,产品的使用寿命受到限制。此外能够弯折一定角度的柔性太阳能电池片已经广泛应用在建筑、汽车等领域,但柔性太阳能电池片却很少应用到服装中。这主要是因为太阳能电池片直接和织物复合,会改变织物的柔性和透气性能,大大降低服装的热舒适性。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的不足,本发明的首要目的是提供一种具有良好的柔性和透气性且能够将光能转换成电能的光电转换织物。
本发明的第二个目的是提供上述织物的制备方法,本发明通过采用热压复合技术,能够将柔性太阳能电池板和织物结合,得到不仅具有良好的透气性和柔性,而且能够将光能转换成电能的光电转换织物。
本发明的第三个目的是提供上述织物的应用。
为达到上述首要目的,本发明的解决方案是:
一种光电转换织物,其由纱线、柔性太阳能电池板和复合胶组成。
其中,纱线包括吸湿性纱线和热塑性纱线,吸湿性纱线通过相互串套形成纬平针织物,热塑性纱线间隔串套在纬平针织物的中间部分,得到复合针织物;柔性太阳能电池板的背面通过复合胶与复合针织物的热塑性纱线部分粘结。
优选地,吸湿性纱线的材质选自棉纤维、粘胶纤维和麻纤维中的一种以上。
优选地,热塑性纱线的材质选自聚氨酯纤维、聚乙烯纤维和聚丙烯纤维中的一种以上。
优选地,柔性太阳能电池板的材质选自非晶硅柔性电池、铜铟镓硒薄膜电池和染料敏化太阳能电池中的一种以上。
优选地,复合胶包括如下组分:
为达到上述第二个目的,本发明的解决方案是:
一种上述的光电转换织物的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:
(1)、制备复合胶:将聚醚二元醇在100-120℃下脱水,然后降温至50-75℃,再加入异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,升温至70-85℃,保温1-4h,接着降温至30-40℃,分别加入乙二胺、丙酮、辛酸亚锡、聚醚改性硅油、叔丁基对苯二酚、联苯酚,然后50-80℃反应4-6h,最后降至室温;
(2)、吸湿性纱线相互串套形成纬平针织物,将热塑性纱线间隔串套在所述纬平针织物的中间部分,得到复合针织物;
(3)、在柔性太阳能电池板的背面涂覆复合胶,接着将复合针织物的热塑性纱线部分和柔性太阳能电池板的背面叠合在一起,在热压作用下形成光电转换织物;
(4)、将合成得到的光电转换织物进行保温处理,洗涤,并烘干。
优选地,步骤(2)中,复合针织物采用电脑横机制备得到,其中电脑横机的前针床编织具有良好吸湿性的纱线,编织的组织结构为纬平针组织;电脑横机的后针床编织热塑性纱线,编织的组织结构也为纬平针组织;控制具有良好吸湿性的纱线和热塑性纱线运动的沙嘴实现前后针床织物的连接和分离。
优选地,步骤(3)中,热压的过程通过热压复合设备来实现;热压复合设备包括转筒、热压板、载物台和料斗;复合胶装在料斗中,柔性太阳能电池板置于载物台上,然后料斗沿柔性太阳能电池板的背面的中间运动,复合胶则均匀涂覆在柔性太阳能电池板的背面;复合针织物的热塑性纱线部分和柔性太阳能电池板的背面叠合在一起,热压板通过加压加热使得复合针织物的热塑性纱线部分和柔性太阳能电池板的背面处的复合胶粘结在一起,转筒带动复合针织物转动,继续热压粘结。
优选地,料斗的输出复合胶的速率为0.01-0.5mL/s,料斗的运动速度为0.01-1cm/s。
优选地,热压板和载物台之间的压强为0.01-0.1MPa,热压板的温度为50-80℃,热压的时间为1-2h。
优选地,步骤(4)中,保温的温度为50-80℃,保温的时间为4-6h。
优选地,步骤(4)中,洗涤的次数为1-5次,洗涤的温度为30-40℃;烘干的温度为40-60℃,烘干的时间为1-3h。
为达到上述第三个目的,本发明的解决方案是:
一种上述的光电转换织物在服装中的应用。
由于采用上述方案,本发明的有益效果是:
第一、本发明的光电转换织物中,柔性太阳能电池板在光照时,能够将光能转换成电能,进而电能能够用于驱动微型风扇实现人体的降温,或者给微小型电子设备充电。此外,本发明的光电转换织物被拉伸时,吸湿性纱线织成的纬平针织物是光电转换织物受力的主体,对柔性太阳能电池板损坏较小,从而增加了光电转换织物的使用寿命且避免了柔性太阳能电池板对织物柔性的限制;最后,由于柔性太阳能电池板没有完全覆盖吸湿性纱线织成的纬平针织物,使得吸湿性纱线织成的纬平针织物良好的透气性。
第二、本发明的制备方法步骤简单,工艺独特,易于推广。
附图说明
图1为本发明的光电转换织物的工艺流程示意图。
图2为本发明的纬平针织物到光电转换织物的组织变化图。
图3为本发明的光电转换织物的热压复合工艺示意图。
图4为本发明的光电转换织物应用于服装的效果示意图。
附图标记:1-吸湿性纱线织成的纬平针织物、2-热塑性纱线织成的纬平针织物、3-复合胶、4-柔性太阳能电池板的正面、5-复合针织物、6-转筒、7-热压板、8-载物台、9-柔性太阳能电池板的背面、10-料斗、11-光电转换织物。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种光电转换织物及其制备方法和应用。
<光电转换织物>
如图2所示,本发明的光电转换织物由良好的吸湿性纱线、热塑性纱线、柔性太阳能电池板和复合胶组成;吸湿性纱线通过相互串套,得到吸湿性纱线织成的纬平针织物1;然后热塑性纱线间隔串套在吸湿性纱线织成的纬平针织物的中间部分,,得到热塑性纱线织成的纬平针织物2,热塑性纱线在热压作用下与复合胶3粘结;此外,柔性太阳能电池板的背面9也与复合胶3粘结,从而使得复合针织物的热塑性纱线部分与柔性太阳能电池板的背面9粘结在一起。而柔性太阳能电池板的正面4吸光,然后转换成电能。
其中,吸湿性纱线可以为棉纤维、粘胶纤维或麻纤维制成的纱线。
热塑性纱线可以为聚氨酯纤维、聚乙烯纤维或聚丙烯纤维组成的纱线。
柔性太阳能电池板可以为非晶硅柔性电池、铜铟镓硒薄膜电池或染料敏化太阳能电池。
其中,复合胶包括如下组分:
<光电转换织物的制备方法>
如图1所示,本发明的光电转换织物的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)、制备复合胶:将聚醚二元醇在100-120℃下脱水,然后降温至50-75℃,再加入异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,升温至70-85℃,保温1-4h,接着降温至30-40℃,分别加入乙二胺、丙酮、辛酸亚锡、聚醚改性硅油、叔丁基对苯二酚、联苯酚,然后在50-80℃反应4-6h,最后降至室温。
(2)、吸湿性纱线相互串套形成纬平针织物,得到吸湿性纱线织成的纬平针织物1,将热塑性纱线间隔串套在吸湿性纱线织成的纬平针织物的中间部分,得到热塑性纱线织成的纬平针织物2,吸湿性纱线织成的纬平针织物1和热塑性纱线织成的纬平针织物2形成复合针织物5。实际上,复合针织物采用电脑横机制备得到,其中电脑横机的前针床编织具有良好吸湿性纱线,编织的组织结构为纬平针组织;电脑横机的后针床编织热塑性纱线,编织的组织结构也为纬平针组织;控制吸湿性纱线和热塑性纱线运动的沙嘴实现前后针床织物的连接和分离。
(3)、在柔性太阳能电池板的背面9涂覆复合胶3,接着将复合针织物的热塑性纱线组成的部分和柔性太阳能电池板的背面9叠合在一起,然后在热压作用下形成光电转换织物。热压具体通过热压复合设备(如图3所示)来实现;热压复合设备包括转筒6、热压板7、载物台8和料斗10。将复合胶3装在料斗10中,柔性太阳能电池板置于载物台8上,然后料斗10沿柔性太阳能电池板的背面9的中间运动,复合胶3则均匀涂覆在柔性太阳能电池板的背面9;接着将复合针织物5的热塑性纱线部分2和柔性太阳能电池板的背面9叠合在一起,热压板7通过加压加热使得复合针织物的热塑性纱线部分和和柔性太阳能电池板的背面处的复合胶粘结在一起,复合胶3又和柔性太阳能电池板的背面9粘合在一起。热压复合后,转筒6带动复合针织物5转动,复合针织物5中间隔的热塑性纱线部分和柔性太阳能电池板的背面9其余部分继续复合,最终制成光电转换织物11。
(4)、将合成得到的光电转换织物进行保温处理。
(5)、洗涤光电转换织物并烘干。
其中,在步骤(3)中,料斗的输出复合胶的速率为0.01-0.5mL/s,料斗的运动速度为0.01-1cm/s;热压板和载物台之间的压强为0.01-0.1MPa,热压板的温度为50-80℃,热压的时间为1-2h。
在步骤(4)中,保温的温度为50-80℃,保温的时间为4-6h。
在步骤(4)中,洗涤的次数为1-5次、洗涤的温度为30-40℃;烘干的温度为40-60℃,烘干的时间为1-3h。
<光电转换织物的应用>
如图4所示,本发明的光电转换织物可以在服装中得以应用。
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
实施例:
本实施例的光电转换织物由吸湿性纱线、热塑性纱线、柔性太阳能电池板和复合胶组成;吸湿性纱线通过相互串套形成纬平针织物;然后热塑性纱线间隔串套在吸湿性纱线织成的纬平针织物上,热塑性纱线在热压作用下与复合胶粘结;此外,柔性太阳能电池板的背面也与复合胶粘结在一起。其中,具有良好的吸湿性纱线为棉纱,热塑性纱线为氨纶纱。
复合胶包括如下组分:
本实施例的光电转换织物的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)、制备上述复合胶:将聚醚二元醇在110℃下脱水,然后降温至70℃,再加入异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,升温至80℃,保温3h,接着降温至35℃,分别加入乙二胺、丙酮、辛酸亚锡、聚醚改性硅油、叔丁基对苯二酚和联苯酚,然后在75℃反应6h,最后降至室温,调制好的复合胶密封待用。
(2)、吸湿性纱线相互串套形成纬平针织物,将热塑性纱线间隔串套在具有良好吸湿性纱线织成的纬平针织物上,形成复合针织物。复合针织物采用电脑横机制备得到,其中电脑横机的前针床编织具有吸湿性纱线,编织的组织结构为纬平针组织;电脑横机的后针床编织热塑性纱线,编织的组织结构也为纬平针组织;控制具有良好吸湿性纱线和热塑性纱线运动的沙嘴实现前后针床织物的连接和分离。前后针床的出针顺序为:前针床、后针床同时出针,后针床出针,后针床出针,前针床出针,前针床出针,后针床出针,后针床出针,前针床出针;控制吸湿性纱线和热塑性纱线运动的沙嘴设为纱嘴A和沙嘴B,纱嘴的运动规律为:纱嘴A和沙嘴B同时引纱,沙嘴B引纱,沙嘴B引纱,纱嘴A引纱,纱嘴B引纱,沙嘴B引纱,无纱嘴引纱,纱嘴A引纱。
(3)、在柔性太阳能电池板的背面涂覆复合胶,接着将复合针织物的热塑性纱线组成的部分和柔性太阳能电池板的背面叠合在一起,然后在热压作用下形成光电转换织物;热压具体通过热压复合设备(如图3所示)来实现;热压复合设备包括转筒6、热压板7、载物台8和料斗10。将复合胶3装在料斗10中,柔性太阳能电池板置于载物台8上,然后料斗10沿柔性太阳能电池板背面9的中间运动,料斗运动速度为0.05cm/s,将复合胶3均匀涂覆在柔性太阳能电池板的背面9,料斗输出复合胶的速率为0.1mL/s;接着将复合针织物5的热塑性纱线部分和柔性太阳能电池板的背面9叠合在一起,最后,热压板7通过加压加热使得热塑性纱线组成的部分和复合胶3粘结在一起,复合胶3又和柔性太阳能电池板的背面9粘合在一起,热压板7和载物台8之间的压强为0.05MPa,热压板7的温度为50℃,时间为1h。热压复合后,转筒6带动复合针织物5转动,复合针织物5中下一个热塑性纱线组成的部分和另一片柔性太阳能电池板的背面9复合;最终制成光电转换织物11。
(4)、将完成热压复合工艺得到的织物保温处理:将织物放在烘箱中保温,温度为50℃,保温时间为4h。
(5)、洗涤:光电转换织物被放在清水中,滴加一定量的清洁剂,经过洗衣机5次清洗,洗涤温度为35℃,清除部分杂质和多余的复合胶;烘干的温度为50℃,烘干的时间为2h,最终得到光电转换织物。
经过透气性测试发现,织物在100Pa气流下透气率为34.2mm/s,织物断裂强力为16Mpa,且织物损坏部分为纱线断裂,柔性太阳能电池板仍然完好无损;织物的光电转换效率为5.2%。
上述对实施例的描述是为了便于该技术领域的普通技术人员能理解和使用本发明。熟悉本领域技术人员显然可以容易的对这些实施例做出各种修改,并把在此说明的一般原理应用到其他实施例中,而不必经过创造性的劳动。因此,本发明不限于上述实施例。本领域技术人员根据本发明的原理,不脱离本发明的范畴所做出的改进和修改都应该在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种光电转换织物,其特征在于:其由纱线、柔性太阳能电池板和复合胶组成;
所述纱线包括吸湿性纱线和热塑性纱线,所述吸湿性纱线相互串套形成纬平针织物,所述热塑性纱线间隔串套在所述纬平针织物的中间部分,得到复合针织物;所述柔性太阳能电池板的背面通过复合胶与所述复合针织物的热塑性纱线部分粘结。
2.根据权利要求1所述的光电转换织物,其特征在于:所述吸湿性纱线的材质选自棉纤维、粘胶纤维和麻纤维中的一种以上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的光电转换织物,其特征在于:所述热塑性纱线的材质选自聚氨酯纤维、聚乙烯纤维和聚丙烯纤维中的一种以上。
4.根据权利要求1所述的光电转换织物,其特征在于:所述柔性太阳能电池板的材质选自非晶硅柔性电池、铜铟镓硒薄膜电池和染料敏化太阳能电池中的一种以上。
6.一种根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的光电转换织物的制备方法,其特征在于:其包括如下步骤:
(1)、制备复合胶:将聚醚二元醇在100-120℃下脱水,然后降温至50-75℃,再加入异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,升温至70-85℃,保温1-4h,接着降温至30-40℃,分别加入乙二胺、丙酮、辛酸亚锡、聚醚改性硅油、叔丁基对苯二酚、联苯酚,然后50-80℃反应4-6h,最后降至室温;
(2)、吸湿性纱线相互串套形成纬平针织物,将热塑性纱线间隔串套在所述纬平针织物的中间部分,得到复合针织物;
(3)、在柔性太阳能电池板的背面涂覆复合胶,接着将所述复合针织物的热塑性纱线部分和柔性太阳能电池板的背面叠合在一起,在热压作用下形成光电转换织物;
(4)、将合成得到的光电转换织物进行保温处理,洗涤,并烘干。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中,所述热压的过程通过热压复合设备来实现;所述热压复合设备包括转筒、热压板、载物台和料斗;复合胶装在料斗中,柔性太阳能电池板置于载物台上,然后料斗沿柔性太阳能电池板的背面的中间运动,复合胶则均匀涂覆在柔性太阳能电池板的背面;复合针织物的热塑性纱线部分和柔性太阳能电池板的背面叠合在一起,热压板通过加压加热使得复合针织物的热塑性纱线部分和柔性太阳能电池板的背面处的复合胶粘结在一起,转筒带动复合针织物转动,继续热压粘结。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述料斗的输出复合胶的速率为0.01-0.5mL/s,料斗的运动速度为0.01-1cm/s;和/或,
所述热压板和载物台之间的压强为0.01-0.1MPa,热压板的温度为50-80℃,热压的时间为1-2h。
9.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)中,所述保温的温度为50-80℃,保温的时间为4-6h;和/或,
步骤(4)中,所述洗涤的次数为1-5次,所述洗涤的温度为30-40℃;所述烘干的温度为40-60℃,所述烘干的时间为1-3h。
10.一种如权利要求1-5任一项所述的光电转换织物在服装中的应用。
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