CN113192395B - Can assemble multi-functional shearing formula frame construction dynamics experiment model device - Google Patents
Can assemble multi-functional shearing formula frame construction dynamics experiment model device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a multifunctional shearing type dynamics experiment device which comprises a bottom plate, an outer frame, four layers of frames, a vibration exciter and an excitation motor with a mass eccentric flywheel. The outer frame is fixedly connected to the bottom plate with four layers of frames, in the four layers of frames, the first layer of plates are connected with the bottom plate through four long columns and long gaskets, the layers of the second layer of plates, the third layer of plates and the fourth layer of plates are connected and fixed through four short columns and short angles and short gaskets, the motor is fixed to the first layer of plates through four screws, two through holes are respectively distributed at two ends of the short side of the outer frame for connecting the outer frame with the first layer of plates through fasteners, two threaded short columns are respectively distributed at two ends of the second layer of plates for connecting the first layer of plates with the second layer of plates through connecting pieces, and the vibration exciter is fixed to the outer frame and connected with the first layer of plates through ejector rods. The invention is used for structural dynamics experiment teaching, and provides a single-degree-of-freedom system rigidity and damping ratio measurement experiment, a multi-degree-of-freedom system modal experiment and a multi-degree-of-freedom system forced vibration experiment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of experimental teaching models, and particularly relates to an assembled multifunctional shear type frame structure dynamics experimental model device.
Background
The experimental teaching is an important component of higher education, and plays an irreplaceable role in other links for culturing talents with higher comprehensive quality. Through experimental teaching, students master basic methods and skills of experimental study, have the capability of independently developing the experimental study, and have basic quality expanding to related fields. The choice of experimental teaching content should meet the development requirements of science and technology. In order to adapt to the development of new situations, colleges and universities at home and abroad actively establish and develop a new experimental system and content based on the original experimental teaching.
The teaching of the deep basic mechanics experiment reforms, enriches the experiment content of the students and the students, and independently develops an assembled multifunctional shear type frame structure dynamics experiment model device under the support of a research project of self-made equipment, a research and education and modification project of the students, a fine course cultivation project of the students and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems that the conventional experimental model device is single in content, abstract in form and far away from practical engineering application, long in class time consumption and general in teaching effect, the invention provides the assembled multifunctional shear type frame structure dynamics experimental model device.
The invention adopts the technical proposal for solving the problems that:
the invention relates to an assembled multifunctional shear type frame structure dynamics experiment model device which comprises a bottom plate, an outer frame, four layers of shear type frames, an excitation motor, a vibration exciter and a connecting piece, wherein the outer frame is formed by welding L-shaped angle steel, the four layers of shear type frames are formed by detachably connecting a first layer plate, a second layer plate, a third layer plate and a fourth layer plate through interlayer columns, the short side of the outer frame is fixedly connected with the first layer plate of the four layers of shear type frames through the connecting piece, and the outer frame and the four layers of shear type frames are fixedly connected with the bottom plate;
the two sides of the second laminate, which are parallel to the long side of the outer frame, can be further fixedly connected with the first laminate through connecting pieces;
the excitation motor is fixed on the first layer plate, and the vibration exciter is fixed on the short side of the outer frame and connected with the first layer plate through the ejector rod;
the bottom plate, the outer frame, the four-layer shearing type frame, the excitation motor, the vibration exciter and the connecting piece are all detachably connected through bolts.
Further, the connecting piece includes four short connecting pieces that both ends have the through-hole, and four long connecting pieces that both ends have the through-hole, and the outer frame of short connecting piece pass through bolted connection fixed and first plywood, and long connecting piece passes through bolted connection fixed first plywood and second plywood.
Further, the four-layer shear type frame can be connected and fixed through the through holes on the first layer plate and the through holes on the short side of the outer frame by the short connecting piece, so that the effect of reducing the degree of freedom of the model is achieved, threaded columns are distributed on two sides of the second layer plate, which are parallel to the long side of the outer frame, of the second layer plate, and the long connecting piece can fix the second layer plate and the first layer plate through the threaded columns, so that the effect of reducing the degree of freedom of the model is achieved.
Further, the outer frame is fixed with the bottom plate through the through holes on the rectangular steel plates welded under the four corners in a bolt connection mode, and the four-layer shearing type frame is fixed with the bottom plate through long columns, long corner codes and long gaskets.
Further, the first layer plate is connected with the bottom plate through four long columns, and the first layer plate is connected with the second layer plate, the second layer plate is connected with the third layer plate, and the third layer plate is connected with the fourth layer plate through four short columns.
Further, the long column and the short column are respectively clamped at two ends by the long gasket and the short gasket, and are fixed on each laminate by the long L-shaped corner connector and the short L-shaped corner connector.
Further, the long column and the short column are long rectangular, the length is far longer than the width, and the width is obviously longer than the thickness.
Further, an eccentric mass block is arranged on a flywheel of the excitation motor to provide simple harmonic excitation, a through hole is formed in the flywheel, the mass block is attached to the flywheel through a screw and a nut, the excitation motor is fixedly connected with a first layer plate through a base through hole, the centroid of a motor bottom plate corresponds to the centroid of the first layer plate when the motor is installed, and the vibration exciter is fixedly connected with the first layer plate through a bolt through hole with a base and a short edge of an outer frame and is connected with the first layer plate through a push rod to provide external excitation.
Further, the corner brace, the gasket, the column, the plate and the connecting piece are all rigid pieces.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the assembled multifunctional shear type frame dynamics experiment model device has the following advantages:
according to the assembled multifunctional shear type frame structure dynamics experiment model device, all structural components are connected through bolts, and can be rapidly disassembled and assembled into systems with different degrees of freedom, so that the assembled multifunctional shear type frame structure dynamics experiment model device is convenient to apply to teaching experiments, and the following purposes are achieved:
1. the self-made equipment can develop experimental items and contents such as a single-degree-of-freedom system interlayer rigidity and damping ratio test, a multi-degree-of-freedom system natural frequency and vibration mode test, forced vibration test, a centralized mass method theoretical modeling, a finite element method numerical modeling and model correction, and the like, all the contents belong to the category of structural dynamics courses, and has stronger professional and scientific background, and students can better master scientific experimental methods and operation skills through experiments;
2. the self-made equipment has the characteristics of flexible disassembly and assembly, variable degrees of freedom, small occupied space, multiple functions and the like, is matched with an excitation motor and a speed regulator, and can complete related experimental projects by combining a general dynamic data acquisition system;
3. the self-made equipment can be used for experimental teaching links of courses such as structural dynamics, structural dynamics course design, experimental mechanics, engineering mechanics experiment and the like of a graduate, higher structural dynamics, experimental modal parameter identification and the like, and plays a positive role in promoting a teaching method.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an overall structure of an assembled multifunctional shear-type frame structure dynamics experiment model device according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the structure of the outer frame of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the experimental setup connection route of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another experimental set-up connection scheme according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the experimental setup connection route of example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the connection path of the experimental apparatus in example 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention provides an assembled multifunctional shear-type frame structure dynamics experiment model device, which comprises a bottom plate, an outer frame, a four-layer shear-type frame, an excitation motor, a vibration exciter and a connecting piece, wherein the four-layer shear-type frame comprises a first layer plate, a second layer plate, a third layer plate and a fourth layer plate, the first layer plate and the bottom plate are fixedly connected through four long columns, sixteen long L-shaped angle codes and sixteen long gaskets through bolts, and specifically, the long L-shaped angle codes are matched with the long gaskets for use, the two ends of the long columns are respectively clamped in bilateral symmetry, and the long L-shaped angle codes are fixed on the bottom plate and the first layer plate through bolts; the first layer plate and the second layer plate are fixedly connected through four short columns, sixteen short L-shaped corner brackets and sixteen short gaskets by bolts, specifically, the short L-shaped corner brackets and the short gaskets are matched for use, two ends of the short columns are respectively clamped in bilateral symmetry, and the short L-shaped corner brackets and the short gaskets pass through bolts to be fixed on the first layer plate and the second layer plate; the interlayer connection structure of the second layer plate and the third layer plate, and the interlayer connection structure of the third layer plate and the fourth layer plate are the same as the interlayer connection structure of the first layer plate and the second layer plate, and will not be described in detail herein; referring to fig. 2, the outer frame is formed by welding an L-shaped angle steel, two through holes are respectively distributed at two ends of a short side of the outer frame, the through holes are used for connecting the outer frame with the first laminate by connecting pieces, square steel sheets with the through holes are respectively welded at four bottom corners of the outer frame, and the through holes on the steel sheets are used for connecting the outer frame with the bottom plate by bolts.
Preferably, the connecting piece includes four short connecting pieces with through holes at two ends, four long connecting pieces with through holes at two ends, the short connecting pieces are connected with the first layer plate through bolts to fix the outer frame, and the long connecting pieces are connected with the second layer plate through bolts to fix the first layer plate.
Preferably, the four-layer shearing type frame can be connected and fixed with the through holes on the first layer plate and the through holes on the short side of the outer frame through short connecting pieces so as to achieve the effect of reducing the degree of freedom of the model; preferably, threaded columns are distributed on two sides of the second layer plate, which are parallel to the long side of the outer frame, and the long connecting piece can fix the second layer plate with the first layer plate through the threaded columns, so that the effect of reducing the degree of freedom of the model is achieved.
Preferably, the flywheel of the excitation motor is provided with an eccentric mass block to provide simple harmonic excitation, the flywheel is provided with a through hole, the mass block is attached to the flywheel through a screw and a nut, the excitation motor is fixedly connected with the first layer plate of the four-layer shearing type frame through a base through hole, the centroid of a motor bottom plate corresponds to the centroid of the first layer plate when the excitation motor is installed, and the vibration exciter is fixedly connected with the first layer plate through a bolt through holes on the short sides of the base and the outer frame, and is connected with the first layer plate through a push rod.
Preferably, the long column and the short column are long rectangular, the length is far longer than the width, and the width is obviously longer than the thickness; preferably, the bottom plate, the outer frame, the four-layer shearing type frame, the excitation motor, the vibration exciter and the connecting piece are all detachably connected through bolts; preferably, the corner brace, spacer, post, plate, fastener are rigid members.
The purpose of this device is: in the experimental teaching process, students deepen understanding of basic dynamics theory such as single degree of freedom, free damping vibration with multiple degrees of freedom, forced vibration and the like, master the theoretical modeling and approximate solution of the system with multiple degrees of freedom, master the basic steps and methods (hammering method/vibration exciter method) of the modal experiment of the complex structure, know the dynamics characteristics of the system with multiple degrees of freedom, know the basic working principle of a dynamic test instrument, and know the basic operation process and use method of modal analysis software, and are familiar with the basic modeling and modal analysis flow of finite element software.
Example 1:
the interlayer stiffness to damping ratio is measured as follows:
1. measurement of the stiffness to damping ratio between short column layers
1.1 connecting lines according to the experimental device diagram, as shown in fig. 3: the method comprises the steps of fixedly connecting an outer frame with a bottom plate, fixedly connecting a first layer plate and a second layer plate of a four-layer shearing type frame, fixedly connecting the first layer plate of the four-layer shearing type frame with the bottom plate, and fixedly connecting the first layer plate with the outer frame by adopting a connecting piece.
1.2 parameters of the instrument are set.
1.3 operating a computer, calling out DSPS (dynamic signal processing software), and setting parameters such as sampling frequency, sampling line number, amplitude range and the like.
1.4. Free damping vibrations.
An initial displacement is given to the second lamina and the acceleration signal is sampled. And selecting three good signals for recording, and obtaining the period Td, the frequency fd, the rigidity k, the logarithmic reduction coefficient delta and the damping ratio zeta of free damping vibration according to the recorded acceleration damping vibration signals.
1.5. A data picture and a copy of the data.
1.6. And (5) turning off the power supply of the instrument, and ending the experiment.
2. Measurement of stiffness to damping ratio between long column layers
2.1 connecting the circuit according to the experimental device diagram, as shown in fig. 4: the outer frame is fixedly connected with the bottom plate, the first layer plate and the second layer plate of the four-layer shearing type frame are fixedly connected, the first layer plate and the bottom plate of the four-layer shearing type frame are fixedly connected, and meanwhile, the first layer plate and the second layer plate are fixedly connected through the connecting piece.
2.2 setting parameters of the instrument.
2.3 operating the computer, calling out DSPS (dynamic signal processing software), and setting parameters such as sampling frequency, sampling line number, amplitude range and the like.
2.4. Free damping vibrations.
An initial displacement is given to the first plate and the second plate, and the acceleration signal is sampled. And selecting three good signals for recording, and calculating the period Td, the rigidity k, the frequency fd, the logarithmic reduction coefficient delta and the damping ratio zeta of free damping vibration according to the recorded acceleration damping vibration signals.
2.5. A data picture and a copy of the data.
2.6. And (5) turning off the power supply of the instrument, and ending the experiment.
Example 2:
the mode test steps for measuring the natural frequency and the vibration mode of the four-degree-of-freedom system are as follows:
1.1 wiring was run according to the test apparatus diagram as shown in fig. 5: the outer frame is fixedly connected with the bottom plate, the first layer plate, the second layer plate, the third layer plate and the fourth layer plate of the four-layer shearing type frame are fixedly connected, and the first layer plate of the four-layer shearing type frame is connected with the bottom plate.
1.2 switching on the power supply, operating the computer, calling out DSPS (dynamic signal processing software), and setting parameters such as sampling frequency, display line number, average mode, amplitude range and the like.
1.3 the frequency response function is measured by hammering.
(1) The test adopts a single-point excitation and multi-point measurement method. And knocking a second layer plate of the model by using a force measuring hammer, and sampling a force signal and acceleration signals of each layer. The force signal of the second layer plate and the acceleration signal of each layer plate are processed by DSPS (dynamic signal processing software) program, so that the frequency response functions H12, H22, H32 and H42 among the points can be obtained.
(2) And (3) data processing: the natural frequency of each order can be measured by observing the amplitude frequency characteristic and the phase frequency characteristic of the frequency response function, and the main vibration mode of each order is drawn.
1.4 data pictures and copies of data thereof.
1.5 turning off the power supply of the instrument and ending the experiment.
Example 3:
the steps for observing the resonance phenomenon of the multi-degree-of-freedom system under forced vibration are as follows:
1.1 the lines were connected according to the test device diagram as shown in fig. 6: the method comprises the steps of fixedly connecting an outer frame with a bottom plate, fixedly connecting a first layer plate, a second layer plate, a third layer plate and a fourth layer plate of a four-layer shearing type frame, fixedly connecting the first layer plate of the four-layer shearing type frame with the bottom plate, fixedly mounting an excitation motor on the first layer plate, fixedly mounting a vibration exciter on the short edge of the outer frame, and connecting the vibration exciter with the first layer plate through a push rod.
1.2 switching on the power supply, operating the computer, calling out DSPS (dynamic Signal processing software), and opening the power spectral density window.
1.3 measuring the natural frequency of the system by a forced vibration method: starting the motor, adjusting the knob, and gradually increasing the rotation speed of the motor. When the system generates 1 st order resonance, the frequency corresponding to the motor rotating speed and the power spectrum density peak value is recorded. Continuously increasing the motor rotation speed to respectively obtain the motor rotation speed corresponding to the 2 nd order, the 3 rd order and the 4 th order resonance and the frequency corresponding to the power spectrum density peak value, and closing the motor; the vibration exciter is started, sinusoidal signals are input through the signal generating device, so that the vibration exciter applies sinusoidal excitation to the four-layer shearing type frame, the frequency of the sinusoidal signals is sequentially adjusted to be 1, 2,3 and 4-order natural frequencies, and resonance phenomenon is observed.
1.4 data processing: converting the recorded motor rotation speed into the frequency of exciting force, thereby obtaining the inherent frequency value of each step, and comparing the obtained inherent frequency value with the frequency value corresponding to the power spectral density peak value.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a can assemble multi-functional shearing formula frame structure dynamics experiment model device which characterized in that, this device mainly includes bottom plate, outer frame, four layers of shearing formula frames, excitation motor, vibration exciter and connecting piece;
the outer frame is formed by welding L-shaped angle steel, the four-layer shearing type frame is formed by detachably connecting a first layer plate, a second layer plate, a third layer plate and a fourth layer plate through interlayer posts, the short side of the outer frame is fixedly connected with the first layer plate of the four-layer shearing type frame through connecting pieces, and the outer frame and the four-layer shearing type frame are fixedly connected with a bottom plate;
the two sides of the second laminate, which are parallel to the long side of the outer frame, can be further fixedly connected with the first laminate through connecting pieces;
the excitation motor is fixed on the first laminate, and the vibration exciter is fixed on the short side of the outer frame and connected with the first laminate through the ejector rod;
the bottom plate, the outer frame, the four-layer shearing type frame, the excitation motor, the vibration exciter and the connecting piece are all detachably connected through bolts;
the four-layer shearing type frame can be connected and fixed with the through holes on the first layer plate and the through holes on the short side of the outer frame through short connecting pieces so as to achieve the effect of reducing the degree of freedom of the model, threaded columns are distributed on two sides of the second layer plate, which are parallel to the long side of the outer frame, and the long connecting pieces can fix the second layer plate with the first layer plate through the threaded columns so as to achieve the effect of reducing the degree of freedom of the model;
the outer frame is fixedly connected with the bottom plate through bolts by through holes in rectangular steel plates welded below four corners, and the four-layer shearing type frame is fixedly connected with the bottom plate through long columns, long corner codes and long gaskets;
the first layer plate is connected with the bottom plate through four long columns, and the first layer plate is connected with the second layer plate, the second layer plate is connected with the third layer plate, and the third layer plate is connected with the fourth layer plate through four short columns.
2. The assembled multifunctional shear type frame structure dynamics experiment model device according to claim 1, wherein the connecting pieces comprise four short connecting pieces with through holes at two ends, four long connecting pieces with through holes at two ends, the short connecting pieces are connected and fixed with the outer frame and the first layer plate through bolts, and the long connecting pieces are connected and fixed with the first layer plate and the second layer plate through bolts.
3. The assembled multifunctional shear type frame structure dynamics experiment model device according to claim 1, wherein the long column and the short column are respectively clamped at two ends by a long gasket and a short gasket, and are fixed on each laminate by a long L-shaped angle brace and a short L-shaped angle brace.
4. The assembled multifunctional shear frame structure dynamics experiment model device according to claim 3, wherein the long column and the short column are long rectangular, the length is far longer than the width, and the width is obviously longer than the thickness.
5. The assembled multifunctional shear type frame structure dynamics experiment model device according to claim 1, wherein an eccentric mass block is arranged on a flywheel of the excitation motor to provide simple harmonic excitation, the flywheel is provided with a through hole, the mass block is attached to the flywheel through a screw and a nut, the excitation motor is fixedly connected with a first layer plate through a base through hole, the centroid of a motor bottom plate corresponds to the centroid of the first layer plate when the motor is installed, and the vibration exciter is fixedly connected with the first layer plate through a bolt through holes on a short side of an outer frame through a base, and is connected with the first layer plate through a push rod to provide external excitation.
6. The assembled multifunctional shear type frame structure dynamics experiment model device according to claim 4, wherein the corner connector, the gasket, the column, the plate and the connecting piece are all rigid pieces.
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| CN204720099U (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-10-21 | 沈阳市和平区一砖一瓦教育培训学校 | Teaching emulation building iron model |
| CN105355134A (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2016-02-24 | 南京科技职业学院 | Power miniature bus flying shear system |
| CN109476382A (en) * | 2016-03-07 | 2019-03-15 | 开放宇宙有限公司 | Device and method for Satellite Payloads development |
| CN109322656A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-02-12 | 中南大学 | Multiple spot Research on Shaking Table for Simulating underground structure non-uniform method connects system with model casing |
| CN211844949U (en) * | 2020-01-08 | 2020-11-03 | 灵翼飞航（天津）科技有限公司 | Unmanned aerial vehicle education power testboard |
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